Sea ice thickness is one of the most important input parameters in the studies on sea ice disaster prevention and mitigation. It is also the most important content in remote sensing monitoring of sea ice. In this stud...Sea ice thickness is one of the most important input parameters in the studies on sea ice disaster prevention and mitigation. It is also the most important content in remote sensing monitoring of sea ice. In this study, a practical model of sea ice thickness(PMSIT) was proposed based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data. In the proposed model, the MODIS data of the first band were used to estimate sea ice thickness and the difference between the second-band reflectance and the fifth-band reflectance in the MODIS data was calculated to obtain the difference attenuation index(DAI) of each pixel. The obtained DAI was used to estimate the integrated attenuation coefficient of the first band of the MODIS at the pixel level. Then the model was used to estimate sea ice thickness in the Bohai Sea with the MODIS data and then validated with the actual sea ice survey data. The validation results showed that the proposed model and corresponding parameterization scheme could largely avoid the estimation error of sea ice thickness caused by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of sea ice extinction and allowed the error of 18.7% compared with the measured sea ice thickness.展开更多
The purpose of college English teaching is to cultivate students ＇ English proficiency, one is listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation ability, on the other hand is the ability to think in English. Among t...The purpose of college English teaching is to cultivate students ＇ English proficiency, one is listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation ability, on the other hand is the ability to think in English. Among them, listening, reading is input, speaking, writing, translation is output. Chinese college students is learning foreign language in a non-native environment, which requires students to have a certain amount of input, output while there are plenty of opportunities; English thinking mainly refers to the critical thinking skills （Critical thinking）, which is using fluent English to consider things speculatively and express their views on the basis of listening, speaking reading, writing, and the translation.展开更多
The paper set up 3D solid overall superstructure model of Foundation and Box foundation on Rock Slope Subgrade base using the ABAQUS, and the establish the infinite element boundary, superstructure displacement of Box...The paper set up 3D solid overall superstructure model of Foundation and Box foundation on Rock Slope Subgrade base using the ABAQUS, and the establish the infinite element boundary, superstructure displacement of Box foundation and foundation at Rock Slope Subgrade was studied by inputting different direction of earthquake response. The results show that, for the mountain frame structure, influence on the horizontal displacement of the vertical under the action of alone big earthquake, and vertical seismic action on horizontal displacement effect is smaller by mutual function of horizontal and vertical seismic, basically is same as response under the action of horizontal earthquake alone; for step shaped box foundation, the change trend of mutual function of horizontal and vertical earthquake was the complete opposite of the maximum story drift each layer under the one-way horizontal earthquake, which indicate the presence of vertical earthquake wave effect on the box foundation displacement cannot be ignored.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41306091)Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(No.201505019-2)
文摘Sea ice thickness is one of the most important input parameters in the studies on sea ice disaster prevention and mitigation. It is also the most important content in remote sensing monitoring of sea ice. In this study, a practical model of sea ice thickness(PMSIT) was proposed based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) data. In the proposed model, the MODIS data of the first band were used to estimate sea ice thickness and the difference between the second-band reflectance and the fifth-band reflectance in the MODIS data was calculated to obtain the difference attenuation index(DAI) of each pixel. The obtained DAI was used to estimate the integrated attenuation coefficient of the first band of the MODIS at the pixel level. Then the model was used to estimate sea ice thickness in the Bohai Sea with the MODIS data and then validated with the actual sea ice survey data. The validation results showed that the proposed model and corresponding parameterization scheme could largely avoid the estimation error of sea ice thickness caused by the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of sea ice extinction and allowed the error of 18.7% compared with the measured sea ice thickness.
文摘The purpose of college English teaching is to cultivate students ＇ English proficiency, one is listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation ability, on the other hand is the ability to think in English. Among them, listening, reading is input, speaking, writing, translation is output. Chinese college students is learning foreign language in a non-native environment, which requires students to have a certain amount of input, output while there are plenty of opportunities; English thinking mainly refers to the critical thinking skills （Critical thinking）, which is using fluent English to consider things speculatively and express their views on the basis of listening, speaking reading, writing, and the translation.
文摘The paper set up 3D solid overall superstructure model of Foundation and Box foundation on Rock Slope Subgrade base using the ABAQUS, and the establish the infinite element boundary, superstructure displacement of Box foundation and foundation at Rock Slope Subgrade was studied by inputting different direction of earthquake response. The results show that, for the mountain frame structure, influence on the horizontal displacement of the vertical under the action of alone big earthquake, and vertical seismic action on horizontal displacement effect is smaller by mutual function of horizontal and vertical seismic, basically is same as response under the action of horizontal earthquake alone; for step shaped box foundation, the change trend of mutual function of horizontal and vertical earthquake was the complete opposite of the maximum story drift each layer under the one-way horizontal earthquake, which indicate the presence of vertical earthquake wave effect on the box foundation displacement cannot be ignored.
