蛇形进气道影响下发动机进口部件水撞击特性的数值研究

为了了解亚声速蛇形进气道影响下航空发动机进口段迎风表面处的水滴撞击特性,采用欧拉/欧拉法对蛇形进气道和发动机进口段在来流马赫数为0.3及环境温度为266.5K的大气结冰条件下进行了空气/过冷水滴两相流场的计算,再由已获得的水滴流场进行支板表面水撞击特性的计算。整流罩表面水滴的撞击计算时采用插值的方法将原两相流场的计算结果插值到新生成的整流罩的近壁网格处,之后采用新生成的整流罩面网格进行水撞击特性的计算。通过计算获得了发动机进口结冰参数、支板以及整流罩表面水收集系数的分布。计算结果表明整流罩和支板表面水滴撞击的主要区域与进气道的弯曲方向有关且位于其下表面一侧,最大水收集系数达到0.98。与之相对比的整流罩和支板其他区域的水收集系数则显得非常微小,在数值上约等于0。此外,对于与进气道对称面平行的竖直支板,其与机匣相交的区域存在水收集系数为0遮蔽区。

船用燃气轮机进气道结冰位置研究

针对船用燃气轮机进气道结冰问题,本文采用数值模拟的方法开展了风速、进气风向角对船用燃气轮机进气道结冰的影响研究,分析了不同风速、进气风向角下进气道内流场、水撞击系数以及结冰规律。研究结果表明:进气道内主要结冰位置为进气竖井弧形区域以及进气竖井和稳压箱连接部分的渐缩段,且随着风速的增高,结冰位置越集中;低风速工况的水收集系数以及平均结冰系数大于高风速工况,液滴在进气道内更易结冰;当进气风向角为135°时,进气道内积冰最为严重。

Preparation of Fe_3O_4/Mn OOH core–shell nanoparticles by a high-frequency impinging stream reactor

Well-defined Fe3O4/Mn OOH nanoparticles with 61.1 emu·g-1in magnetization intensity and 90.53 m2·g-1in surface area have been synthesized by a new-style of high-frequency impinging stream(HFIS)reactor.In this reactor,two streams first collided together to form nano Fe3O4suspension,which subsequently flew through an S-shaped main channel to generate high-frequency reversing high-gravity fields.At the same time,24 thin liquid sheets impinged into the main channel at the frequencies higher than 100 Hz to create nano Fe3O4/Mn OOH colloids.The obtained powders were characterized by transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer(TEM/EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunner–Emmet–Teller(BET)and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).Experimental results indicated that low coating ratio prolonged the induction period of heterogeneous nucleation.The high-frequency impingements of 24 thin liquid sheets greatly accelerated the macro-mixing and the initial dispersion.The high-frequency reversing high-gravity fields promoted the mesoand micro-mixing.As a result,nano Fe3O4cores were fleetly and uniformly covered by Mn OOH precursor.As a continuously operated and static high-gravity reactor,the high-frequency impinging stream(HFIS)reactor is being developed to the large-scaled and low-cost production of various nanocomposites.

A novel experimental system for performance evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill

A set of water powered excavation test system was developed for the comprehensive performance testing and evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill indoors. The whole system contains hydraulic power section, electronic control system, test and data acquisition system, and assistant devices, such as guideway and drilling bench. Parameters of the water powered percussive rock drill can be obtained by analyzing testing data, which contain impact energy, front and back cavity pressure, pressure and flow in each working part, drilling velocity, frequency and energy efficiency etc. The system is applied to test the self-designed water powered percussive rock drill SYYG65. The parameters of water powered percussive rock drill with impact pressure of about 8.9 MPa are 58.93 J for impact energy, and 8.97% for energy efficiency, which prove the effectiveness of system.

Water droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures and hierarchical roughness

Quantitative correlation between the critical impact velocity of droplet and geometry of superhydrophobic surfaces with microstructures is systematically studied.Experimental data shows that the critical impact velocity induced wetting transition of droplet on the superhydrophobic surfaces is strongly determined by the perimeter of single micropillar,the space between the repeat pillars and the advancing contact angle of the sidewall of the micropillars.The proposed model agrees well with the experimental results,and clarifies that the underlying mechanism which is responsible for the superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical roughness could sustain a higher liquid pressure than the surfaces with microstructures.

An experimental investigation into the icing and melting process of a water droplet impinging onto a superhydrophobic surface

The freezing and melting process of a small water droplet on a superhydrophobic cold surface was investigated using the Laser Induced Fluorescence(LIF)technique.The superhydrophobic surface was prepared using a sol-gel method on a red copper test plate.From the obtained fluorescence images,the phase transition characteristics during the freezing and melting process of a water droplet were clearly observed.It was found that,at the beginning of the droplet freezing process,liquid water turned into ice at a very fast rate.Such phase transition process decreased gradually with time and the volume of frozen ice approached a constant value at the end of the icing process.In addition,the freezing time was found to reduce with the decrease of the test plate temperature.Besides,when the test plate temperature is relatively high,the effect of droplet volume on the freezing time is very significant.Over all,we provide some tentative insights into the microphysical process related to the icing and melting process of water droplets.

Energy-dissipative dual-crosslinked hydrogels for dynamically super-tough sensors

In the fields of electronic skin and soft wearable sensors,intrinsically stretchable conductors undergo rapid development;however,practical applications of artificial skinlike materials/devices have not been realized because of the difficulty in combining the electromechanical properties and sensing performance.Contrarily,insoluble inorganic conductive domains in the hydrogel matrix are generally incompatible with surrounding elastic networks,decreasing the mechanical strength.Usually,the hydrogels are vulnerable either to severe mechanical stimuli or large deformation,especially when notches are induced.In this study,based on an energy-dissipative dual-crosslinked conductive hydrogel,a mechanically durable and super-tough strain sensor was developed.The highly soft yet dynamically tough hydrogel demonstrated high ionic conductivity(30.2 mS cm^(-1)),ultrastretchability(>600%strain),and superior linear dependence of strain sensitivity with a maximum gauge factor of 1.2 at 500%strain.Because of these advantageous synergistic effects,the resultant hydrogel strain sensor demonstrated reliable and stable detection of a large range of human motion and subtle vibrations.Moreover,it impressively exhibited super toughness that could endure consecutive treading pressure and even retain normal operation after 20 times of car run-over on the road.These demonstrations highly confirm the sensor’s superior mechanical durability and reliability,displaying great potential in developing next-generation mechanically adaptable sensors.