The precision modeling of dam break floods can lead to formulation of proper emergency action plan to minimize flood impacts within the economic lifetime of the assets.Application of GIS techniques in integration with...The precision modeling of dam break floods can lead to formulation of proper emergency action plan to minimize flood impacts within the economic lifetime of the assets.Application of GIS techniques in integration with hydrological modeling for mapping of the flood inundated areas can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and likely damages.In the present study,dam break analysis using DAMBRK model was performed under various likely scenarios.Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)calculated for a return period of 1000 years using deterministic approach was adopted for dam break analysis of the proposed dam under various combinations of breach dimensions.The available downstream river cross-sections data sets were used as input in the model to generate the downstream flood profile.Dam break flow depths generated by the DAMBRK model under various combinations of structural failure are subsequently plotted on Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of the downstream of dam site to map the likely affected area.The simulation results reveals that in one particular case the flood without dam may be more intense if a rainfall of significant intensity takes place.展开更多
A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin(HRB) was investigated using two different models: a coupled land surface hydrological model(CLHMS), and a large-scale hydrological model(LSX-HMS). The NCEP-NCAR rean...A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin(HRB) was investigated using two different models: a coupled land surface hydrological model(CLHMS), and a large-scale hydrological model(LSX-HMS). The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to present graphically the behaviour of a simulation model to the varying parameters and to establish the suitability of this representation as a valid tool for the analysis of the same parame...The aim of this paper is to present graphically the behaviour of a simulation model to the varying parameters and to establish the suitability of this representation as a valid tool for the analysis of the same parameters. In this paper, we define parameter combinatorial diagram as the joint graphical representation of all box plots related to the adjustment between real and simulated data, by setting and/or changing the parameters of the simulation model. To do this, we start with a box plot representing the values of an objective adjustment function, achieving these results when varying all the parameters of the simulation model, Then we draw the box plot when setting all the parameters of the model, for example, using the median or average. Later, we get all the box plots when carrying out simulations combining fixed or variable values of the model parameters. Finally, all box plots obtained are represented neatly in a single graph. It is intended that the new parameter combinatorial diagram is used to examine and analyze simulation models useful in practice. This paper presents combinatorial diagrams of different examples of application as in the case of hydrologic models of one, two, three, and five parameters.展开更多
In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decision...In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination （R2） greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient （NSE） equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.展开更多
An integrated hydrological model has been applied for a rural-urban catchment of the Szamos-Kraszna interfluve geographic area, using the WateRisk integrated hydrological model system. The aim of the hydrological simu...An integrated hydrological model has been applied for a rural-urban catchment of the Szamos-Kraszna interfluve geographic area, using the WateRisk integrated hydrological model system. The aim of the hydrological simulations was to identify the role that the relief plays in the water coverage formation process, and to highlight the possible consequences of it on phosphorus transport processes. To support this aim, the rainfall-runoff and the one-dimensional flow routing modules have been modelled, and maximal water cover has been calculated. Measured water coverage data by remote sensing have been compared to calculated maximum water cover in several ways. Results support the existing perspective on excess water formation namely that the process is very complex, therefore, the coincidence of the locations of measured water cover with calculated maximum water cover based on the DEM （digital elevation model） and the river network is low. Analysis shows that as far as the larger depressions of the area are concerned, the error of the DEM is not high, but it is likely that at locations with small altitude differences, the error of DEM can cause larger errors. The results foreshadow the importance of the micro relief of the area on phosphorus transport.展开更多
In order to expand the application range of the classic Topographic Index model(TOPMODEL) and develop a more appropriate submodel of hydrological processes for use in the land surface model, two types of TOPMODEL are ...In order to expand the application range of the classic Topographic Index model(TOPMODEL) and develop a more appropriate submodel of hydrological processes for use in the land surface model, two types of TOPMODEL are investigated, one with saturated hydraulic conductivity change with depth obeying exponential law(classical e-TOPMODEL or e-TOPMODEL for short) and the other obeying general power law(general p-TOPMODEL or p-TOPMODEL for short). Using observation date in the Suomo River catchment located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the sensitivity study of the p-TOPMODEL was conducted and the simulated results from the model were examined and evaluated first, and then the results were compared with the results from the e-TOPMODEL to find the similarities and differences between the two types of models. The main conclusions obtained from the above studies are(1) topographic index and its distribution derived from the p-TOPPMODEL for the Suomo Basin are sensitive to changes of parameter n and m;(2) changes of n and m have impacts on the simulation results of various hydrological components(such as daily runoff, monthly averaged runoff, monthly averaged surface runoff and subsurface runoff), but have the weaker impacts on forty-year averaged total runoff; and(3) for the same value of m, the simulated results of e-TOPMODEL display higher surface runoff and lower subsurface runoff than the general p-TOPMODEL does but multi-year averaged total runoffs produced from the two types of TOPMODEL show insignificant difference. The differences between the two types of models indicate that it is necessary to pay close attention to correct selection from different hydrological models for use in land surface model development. The result mentioned above is useful to provide some referential information for the model selection.展开更多
文摘The precision modeling of dam break floods can lead to formulation of proper emergency action plan to minimize flood impacts within the economic lifetime of the assets.Application of GIS techniques in integration with hydrological modeling for mapping of the flood inundated areas can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and likely damages.In the present study,dam break analysis using DAMBRK model was performed under various likely scenarios.Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)calculated for a return period of 1000 years using deterministic approach was adopted for dam break analysis of the proposed dam under various combinations of breach dimensions.The available downstream river cross-sections data sets were used as input in the model to generate the downstream flood profile.Dam break flow depths generated by the DAMBRK model under various combinations of structural failure are subsequently plotted on Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of the downstream of dam site to map the likely affected area.The simulation results reveals that in one particular case the flood without dam may be more intense if a rainfall of significant intensity takes place.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41175073, 41471016, and U1133603)
文摘A hydrological simulation in the Huaihe River Basin(HRB) was investigated using two different models: a coupled land surface hydrological model(CLHMS), and a large-scale hydrological model(LSX-HMS). The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and observed precipitation data were used as meteorological inputs. The simulation results from both models were compared in terms of flood processes forecasting during high flow periods in the summers of 2003 and 2007, and partial high flow periods in 2000. The comparison results showed that the simulated streamflow by CLHMS model agreed well with the observations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients larger than 0.76, in both periods of 2000 at Lutaizi and Bengbu stations in the HRB, while the skill of the LSX-HMS model was relatively poor. The simulation results for the high flow periods in 2003 and 2007 suggested that the CLHMS model can simulate both the peak time and intensity of the hydrological processes, while the LSX-HMS model provides a delayed flood peak. These results demonstrated the importance of considering the coupling between the land surface and hydrological module in achieving better predictions for hydrological processes, and CLHMS was proven to be a promising model for future applications in flood simulation and forecasting.
文摘The aim of this paper is to present graphically the behaviour of a simulation model to the varying parameters and to establish the suitability of this representation as a valid tool for the analysis of the same parameters. In this paper, we define parameter combinatorial diagram as the joint graphical representation of all box plots related to the adjustment between real and simulated data, by setting and/or changing the parameters of the simulation model. To do this, we start with a box plot representing the values of an objective adjustment function, achieving these results when varying all the parameters of the simulation model, Then we draw the box plot when setting all the parameters of the model, for example, using the median or average. Later, we get all the box plots when carrying out simulations combining fixed or variable values of the model parameters. Finally, all box plots obtained are represented neatly in a single graph. It is intended that the new parameter combinatorial diagram is used to examine and analyze simulation models useful in practice. This paper presents combinatorial diagrams of different examples of application as in the case of hydrologic models of one, two, three, and five parameters.
文摘In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination （R2） greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient （NSE） equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.
文摘An integrated hydrological model has been applied for a rural-urban catchment of the Szamos-Kraszna interfluve geographic area, using the WateRisk integrated hydrological model system. The aim of the hydrological simulations was to identify the role that the relief plays in the water coverage formation process, and to highlight the possible consequences of it on phosphorus transport processes. To support this aim, the rainfall-runoff and the one-dimensional flow routing modules have been modelled, and maximal water cover has been calculated. Measured water coverage data by remote sensing have been compared to calculated maximum water cover in several ways. Results support the existing perspective on excess water formation namely that the process is very complex, therefore, the coincidence of the locations of measured water cover with calculated maximum water cover based on the DEM （digital elevation model） and the river network is low. Analysis shows that as far as the larger depressions of the area are concerned, the error of the DEM is not high, but it is likely that at locations with small altitude differences, the error of DEM can cause larger errors. The results foreshadow the importance of the micro relief of the area on phosphorus transport.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41030106 and 41075060)
文摘In order to expand the application range of the classic Topographic Index model(TOPMODEL) and develop a more appropriate submodel of hydrological processes for use in the land surface model, two types of TOPMODEL are investigated, one with saturated hydraulic conductivity change with depth obeying exponential law(classical e-TOPMODEL or e-TOPMODEL for short) and the other obeying general power law(general p-TOPMODEL or p-TOPMODEL for short). Using observation date in the Suomo River catchment located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the sensitivity study of the p-TOPMODEL was conducted and the simulated results from the model were examined and evaluated first, and then the results were compared with the results from the e-TOPMODEL to find the similarities and differences between the two types of models. The main conclusions obtained from the above studies are(1) topographic index and its distribution derived from the p-TOPPMODEL for the Suomo Basin are sensitive to changes of parameter n and m;(2) changes of n and m have impacts on the simulation results of various hydrological components(such as daily runoff, monthly averaged runoff, monthly averaged surface runoff and subsurface runoff), but have the weaker impacts on forty-year averaged total runoff; and(3) for the same value of m, the simulated results of e-TOPMODEL display higher surface runoff and lower subsurface runoff than the general p-TOPMODEL does but multi-year averaged total runoffs produced from the two types of TOPMODEL show insignificant difference. The differences between the two types of models indicate that it is necessary to pay close attention to correct selection from different hydrological models for use in land surface model development. The result mentioned above is useful to provide some referential information for the model selection.
