微水导激光稳定水束光纤的CFD仿真研究

利用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法对水射流进行了气／液两相流数值模拟分析，研究了一定喷嘴结构下获得最大稳定射流长度时所需的入口速度大小，分析了不同速度下射流破碎长度和稳定长度的及射流破碎形式，并验证了射流的缩流现象。计算结果表明，在直径为0．2mm，长径比为2．5，入口无倒角的喷嘴结构下，喷射速度50～200m／s时，可获得的水射流最大稳定长度70ram。液体经喷嘴喷出时，在喷嘴口会产生缩流，缩流后射流直径约为喷嘴直径的80％～85％。

五坐标高压水束加工技术的研究

采用高压水束这一特种加工方法来加工,确定了高压水束加工的技术参数,建立了高压水束切割时工件和载荷的理论模型,并将理论模拟分析与实际试验结果进行了比较。研究了不同高压泵压力作用下高压水束的速度及作用范围。实验结果表明,利用高压水束方法加工上述材料能够满足其加工部位的质量要求。

基于AMESim的水束发生系统设计与仿真

针对利用水射流加工的设备容易出现水束不稳定及脉动现象,影响其实际应用。设计搭建了水束发生系统实验平台,利用AMESim软件搭建水束发生系统的HCD模型,通过设置相应参数,对系统的主要性能进行分析。分析结果表明:选择合适转速能够减小水束的脉动率,蓄能器对不同转速下的水束脉动吸收作用明显,该系统最终出口压力可调且稳定,能够满足产生不同压力水束的需求。通过实验验证了仿真结果的正确性,为后续水射流实验提供了依据。

高速水束切割技术

一、高速水束切割技术的前景高速水束切割技术是在七十年代初出现的。开始时只是在大理石、玻璃等非金属材料上用作切割直缝等简单作业。经过二十多年的开发,现已发展成为能够切削复杂的三维形状的工艺方法。加工的材料除大理石、玻璃外还包括普通钢、装甲钢板、不锈钢、钛、黄铜、紫铜,以至塑料、陶瓷、三夹板、软木、纸板、蜂巢结构、复合材料等,最大厚度可达100mm。所用工具即高压水束,它永不会变“钝”,各个方向都有切削作用,使用水量不多。加工开始时不需进刀槽、孔,工件上任一点都能开始和结束切削。可加工小半径的内圆角。切削中不会产生热量、切屑、毛刺、烟尘、渣土。工件材料不会受热变形,切缝很狭小,材料利用率高,加工精度可达0.1mm。很多工业都可应用这种新工艺,例如航天。

一种新型水射流切割器成型的仿真研究

提出一种新型的排爆装置结构,它是在楔形药型罩基础上,通过改变结构和材料而演化成的一种聚能装药结构。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件完成了爆炸载荷下的水射流成型的数值模拟。研究结果表明新型排爆装置能够实现一股高速水流,形如"刀锋",可以为实现高速水射流研究提供一种新的选择。

螺旋水刀切除肝门区肿瘤2例

目的 :探讨螺旋水刀在肝门区肿瘤切除术中应用的可行性。方法 :将 2例螺旋水刀切除的肝门区肿瘤的临床资料进行比较分析。结果 :2例肿瘤均被完整切除 ,术后无胆管、血管损伤等并发症。结论 :螺旋水刀具有优异、独特的分离性能 。

基于水导激光平面缩流喷嘴内流场仿真研究

适用于水导激光加工工艺的毛细带锥角喷嘴,其内部流动状态复杂。为了获得喷嘴内部高度稳定水束,采用有限元流体计算软件模拟分析的方法,进行了适用于水导激光工艺的缩流型喷嘴内流场模拟分析和数值验证,取得了生成高速稳定水束的参量数据。结果表明,随着平面喷嘴入口压力逐渐增加,毛细段长径比值减小,流体进入喷嘴内部与毛细段壁面发生完全分离,无明显的空化现象发生,形成稳定光滑的缩流型水束;喷嘴入口压力为50MPa时,毛细管直径分别为0.128mm,0.07mm,0.03mm的喷嘴内部水束再附壁长度可达毛细管长度90%;锥角管为10°时,经过锥角段的水束会再次附壁。模拟分析所得参量对水导激光缩流型喷嘴选取提供指导。

爆炸物处理用水射流战斗部仿真研究

为了低成本的处理爆炸物,提出一种新型的水射流排爆战斗部结构。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件完成了爆炸载荷下不同方案的水束成型的数值模拟,并对优化前后的水束头部速度进行对比分析。研究表明,在装药长径比一定的前提下,当容器锥角为60°、内腔高度为25mm时,水射流头部速度可达4537m/s,可以引爆大多数高能炸药,在爆炸物处理领域有良好的应用前景。此方法对今后的排爆工程有一定借鉴价值。

闽粤“束木”初探——兼论“束木”与叉手、托脚的关联

束木是闽粤地区一种具有地方特色的曲形木构件,其在木构架中的分布位置、结构作用与宋《营造法式》记载的叉手、托脚相似。本文基于对束木的已有研究和现存实例,从构件形制、位置分布、结构作用等方面明晰闽粤束木的特点,探讨其与叉手、托脚的关联,以期为南北地区木构技术发展、源流、构件演变等研究提供参考。

Study on Enhancement of PCBs Desorption in Soil by Surfactants

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide theoretical basis for study on enhancement of surfactants to desorption of PCBs from soil. [Method]The desorption effects of surfactants SDBs,Tween 80,HTAB on PCBs were studied as well as their distribution in water and soil. Effects of rationing on desorption of PCBs were also analyzed. [Result]The potential of single surfactant to enhance the desorption of PCBs from soil in order was Tween 80 SDBS HTAB. Three surfactants were largely adsorbed on soil and the sorption followed HTABTween 80SDBS. The desorption of PCBs increased significantly and linearly with the increase of aqueous micelle concentration of surfactants. [Conclusion]Enhancing effect of three surfactants on PCBs desorption were obtained,which will provide theoretical basis for further analyzing.

Compressed sensing estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread

The estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread is investigated under the framework of compressed sensing. For these types of channels, the excessively long impulse response will significantly degrade the convergence rate and tracking capability of the traditional estimation algorithms such as least squares （LS）, while excluding the use of the delay-Doppler spread function due to huge computational complexity. By constructing a Toeplitz matrix with a training sequence as the measurement matrix, the estimation problem of long sparse acoustic channels is formulated into a compressed sensing problem to facilitate the efficient exploitation of sparsity. Furthermore, unlike the traditional l1 norm or exponent-based approximation l0 norm sparse recovery strategy, a novel variant of approximate l0 norm called AL0 is proposed, minimization of which leads to the derivation of a hybrid approach by iteratively projecting the steepest descent solution to the feasible set. Numerical simulations as well as sea trial experiments are compared and analyzed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

QTL Analysis of Rice Peduncle Vascular Bundle System and Panicle Traits

A double haploid (DH) population of rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used for genetic analysis of rice peduncle vascular system and panicle traits. The number of large vascular bundles (LVB), the number of small vascular bundles (SVB) in the peduncle, and the panicle traits including the number of primary rachis branches (PRB), the number of spikelets per panicle (SNP), peduncle top diameter (PTD), and panicle length (PL) were investigated in the parents and DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for each trait were analyzed based on the constructed molecular linkage map of this population. Three QTLs for LVB (qLVB_1, qLVB_6 and qLVB_7) were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 7, respectively. Two putative QTLs for SVB (qSVB_4 and qSVB_6) were mapped on chromosomes 4 and 6 respectively. Four QTLs (qPRB_4a, qPRB_4b, qPRB_6 and qPRB_7) on chromosomes 4, 6, and 7, respectively, were detected for PRB. Three QTLs (qSPN_4a, qSPN_4b and qSPN_6) were identified on chromosomes 4 and 6, respectively, which could significantly affect SPN. Five QTLs for PTD (qPTD_2, qPTD_5, qPTD_6, qPTD_8 and qPTD_12) were identified on chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 8, and 12, respectively. Three QTLs for PL (qPL_4, qPL_6 and qPL_8) were detected on chromosomes 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Clustering of QTLs, such as qLVB_6, qSVB_6, qSNP_6, qPTD_6, and qPL_6 detected in the interval G122_G1314b on chromosome 6, was found. These results suggest that some QTLs for peduncle vascular bundle system are possibly responsible for the panicle traits.

Gene Chip Analysis for Rice MicroRNA Response to Low Energy N^+ Beam Radiation

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the expression differences of miRNA response to low energy N＋ beam radiation in rice.[Method]Three groups of ion beam irradiation rice seeds and untreated rice seeds were selected respectively,and then the total RNA of seedlings after 96 h of germination was extracted at 30 ℃.Agilent gene chip was used to screen the differentially expressed genes of two groups of rice seedlings.The chip contained 510 miRNA probes;and about two times of expression differences between two samples were considered as the threshold range.[Result]14 miRNA molecules showed significant expression differences between the irradiated group and the control group,and all of them were decreased.[Conclusion]The miRNAs showed expression differences between irradiated group and the control group,which might regulate the expression of certain genes to respond to ion irradiation,thus producing physiological,biochemical and phenotypic differences.

鞋博士信箱

X3L1型外线机如何排除断线现象? 河北杨春1 线通过的一些零部件有锐角,从而割断用线。可对锐角部位进行倒钝;2 针变弯、磨损或安装位置不正确,应根据要求及时更换;3 底梭温度过高或过低也可造成断线;4 锥尖钝化时应适时对锥尖进行磨砺;5 缝线拉力过大,形成线扯断;6 避免挑线勾的位置错误;7 应选用适配的针与线;8 针与锥孔的位置位置不当。

Preliminary Study on the Low Energy Ion Beam Mediated Parameters with Fractional Factorial Design Method

[Objective] The aim was to explore the biological effect of low energy ion beam mediated parameters with fractional factorial design method. [Method] The twin-embryos seed of autotetraploid rice DER10-04-01 was taken as the receptor material,and the Elymus dahuricus Turcz. was used as materials to provide DNA to carry out the ion beam mediated experiment. And the fractional factorial design method was used to study the parameters of low enery N＋ ion beam mediated foreign genes into rice. [Result] The implantation energy,dose,DNA concentrations and immersion time of DNA showed significant biological effects on the normal growth and development of DER10-04-01,in which the biological effects of implantation dose and DNA concentrations were relatively obvious. [Conclusion] The implantation energy,dose,DNA concentrations and immersion time of DNA were major factors showing important effects on the experimental result in ion beam mediated foreign genetic materials.

Controlled Synthesis of PCL/PVP Copolymer by RAFT Method and Its HydrophUic Block-Dependent MiceUar Behaviors

A range of poly（ε-caprolactone）/poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） amphiphilic block copolymers with well-defined hydrophilic chain length were synthesized by the living/controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. The composition and struc- ture of the targeted resultants were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spec- troscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The various block copolymers were success- fully employed to fabricate the spherical micelle with core-shell morphological structure. The poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） block-dependent characteristics of the copolymeric micelles were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The solubilization of the hydrophobic ibuprofen as a model drug in the micelle solution was also explored. It was found that the drug loading contents are related to the micellar morphology structure determined by hydrophilic chain length in the copolymer.

Response of cellular stoichiometry and phosphorus storage of the cyanobacteria A phanizomenon flos-aquae to smallscale turbulence

Turbulent mixing, in particular on a small scale, aff ects the growth of microalgae by changing diff usive sublayers and regulating nutrient fluxes of cells. We tested the nutrient flux hypothesis by evaluating the cellular stoichiometry and phosphorus storage of microalgae under dif ferent turbulent mixing conditions. A phanizomenon flos-aquae were cultivated in dif ferent stirring batch reactors with turbulent dissipation rates ranging from 0.001 51 m2/s 3 to 0.050 58 m 2/s 3, the latter being the highest range observed in natural aquatic systems. Samples were taken in the exponential growth phase and compared with samples taken when the reactor was completely stagnant. Results indicate that, within a certain range, turbulent mixing stimulates the growth of A. flos-aquae. An inhibitory ef fect on growth rate was observed at the higher range. Photosynthesis activity, in terms of maximum ef fective quantum yield of PSII(the ratio of F v/F m) and cellular chlorophyll a, did not change significantly in response to turbulence. However, Chl a/C mass ratio and C/N molar ratio, showed a unimodal response under a gradient of turbulent mixing, similar to growth rate. Moreover, we found that increases in turbulent mixing might stimulate respiration rates, which might lead to the use of polyphosphate for the synthesis of cellular constituents. More research is required to test and verify the hypothesis that turbulent mixing changes the dif fusive sublayer, regulating the nutrient flux of cells.

Pore-scale simulation of gas-water flow in low permeability gas reservoirs

A novel method was developed to establish a realistic three dimensional(3D) network model representing pore space in low permeability sandstone.Digital core of rock sample was established by the combination of micro-CT scanning and image processing,then 3D pore-throat network model was extracted from the digital core through analyzing pore space topology,calculating pore-throat parameters and simplifying the shapes of pores and throats.The good agreements between predicted and measured porosity and absolute permeability verified the validity of this new network model.Gas-water flow mechanism was studied by using pore-scale simulations,and the influence of pore structure parameters,including coordination number,aspect ratio and shape factor,on gas-water flow,was investigated.The present simulation results show that with the increment of coordination number,gas flow ability in network improves and the effect of invading water on blocking gas flow weakens.The smaller the aspect ratio is,the stronger the anisotropy of the network is,resulting in the increase of seepage resistance.It is found that the shape factor mainly affects the end points in relative permeability curves,and for a highly irregular pore or throat with a small shape factor,the irreducible water saturation(Swi) and residual gas saturation(Sgr) are relatively high.

A new source number estimation method based on the beam eigenvalue

Most source number estimation methods based on the eigenvalues are decomposed by covariance matrix in MUSIC algorithm. To develop the source number estimation method which has lower signal to noise ratio and is suitable to both correlated and uncorrelated impinging signals, a new source number estimation method called beam eigenvalue method (BEM) is proposed in this paper. Through analyzing the space power spectrum and the correlation of the line array, the covariance matrix is constructed in a new way, which is decided by the line array shape when the signal frequency is given. Both of the theory analysis and the simulation results show that the BEM method can estimate the source number for correlated signals and can be more effective at lower signal to noise ratios than the normal source number estimation methods.

Multiple wave prediction and suppression based on LO-norm sparsity constraint

Multiple wave is one of the important factors affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of marine seismic data.The model-driven-method(MDM)can effectively predict and suppress water-related multiple waves,while the quality of the multiple wave contribution gathers(MCG)can affect the prediction accuracy of multiple waves.Based on the compressed sensing framework,this study used the sparse constraint under LO norm to optimize MCG,which can not only reduce the false in the prediction and improve the image accuracy,but also saves computing time.At the same time,the MDM-type method for multiple wave suppression can be improved.The unified prediction of multiple types of water-related multiple waves weakens the dependence of conventional MDM on the adaptive subtraction process in suppressing water-related multiple waves,improves the stability of the method,and simultaneously,reduces the computational load.Finally,both theoretical model and practical data prove the effectiveness of the present method.