“水极似火”论口干苦臭

提出口干、口苦、口臭等症,常规情况下主热证。特殊情况下,即在慢性疑难病证中则不尽属热,为真寒假热,水极似火,病性属寒。文章在列举水极似火临床实例的同时,提出详细的鉴别方法。

Isolated deep convections over the Tibetan Plateau in the rainy season during 2001–2020

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a prevalent region for convection systems due to its unique thermodynamic forcing.This study investigated isolated deep convections(IDCs),which have a smaller spatial and temporal size than mesoscale convective systems(MCSs),over the TP in the rainy season(June-September)during 2001–2020.The authors used satellite precipitation and brightness temperature observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.Results show that IDCs mainly concentrate over the southern TP.The IDC number per rainy season decreases from around 140 over the southern TP to around 10 over the northern TP,with an average 54.2.The initiation time of IDCs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle,with the peak at 1400–1500 LST and the valley at 0900–1000 LST.Most IDCs last less than five hours and more than half appear for only one hour.IDCs generally have a cold cloud area of 7422.9 km^(2),containing a precipitation area of approximately 65%.The larger the IDC,the larger the fraction of intense precipitation it contains.IDCs contribute approximately 20%–30%to total precipitation and approximately 30%–40%to extreme precipitation over the TP,with a larger percentage in July and August than in June and September.In terms of spatial distribution,IDCs contribute more to both total precipitation and extreme precipitation over the TP compared to the surrounding plain regions.IDCs over the TP account for a larger fraction than MCSs,indicating the important role of IDCs over the region.

Research progress on the water vapor channel within the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon, China

The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).This paper summarizes the scientific achievements obtained from the data collected by the INVC observation network and highlights the progress in investigating the development of heavy rainfall events associated with water vapor changes.The rain gauge network of the INVC can represent the impacts of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(YGC)topography on precipitation at the hourly scale.The microphysical characteristics of the precipitation in the YGC are different than those in the lowland area.The GPM-IMERG(Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)satellite precipitation data for the YGC region should be calibrated before they are used.The meridional water vapor flux through the YGC is more important than the zonal flux for the precipitation over the southeastern TP.The decreased precipitation around the YGC region is partly due to the decreased meridional water vapor flux passing through the YGC.High-resolution numerical models can benefit precipitation forecasting in this region by using a combination of specific schemes that capture the valley wind and water vapor flux along the valley floor.

Influence of confined water on the limit support pressure of tunnel face in weakly water-rich strata

In the process of shield tunneling through soft soil layers,the presence of confined water ahead poses a significant threat to the stability of the tunnel face.Therefore,it is crucial to consider the impact of confined water on the limit support pressure of the tunnel face.This study employed the finite element method(FEM)to analyze the limit support pressure of shield tunnel face instability within a pressurized water-containing layer.Subsequently,a multiple linear regression approach was applied to derive a concise solution formula for the limit support pressure,incorporating various influencing factors.The analysis yields the following conclusions:1)The influence of confined water on the instability mode of the tunnel face in soft soil layers makes the displacement response of the strata not significant when the face is unstable;2)The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the pressure head,shield tunnel diameter,and tunnel burial depth.And inversely proportional to the thickness of the impermeable layer,soil cohesion and internal friction angle;3)Through an engineering case study analysis,the results align well with those obtained from traditional theoretical methods,thereby validating the rationality of the equations proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the proposed equations overcome the limitation of traditional theoretical approaches considering the influence of changes in impermeable layer thickness.It can accurately depict the dynamic variation in the required limit support pressure to maintain the stability of the tunnel face during shield tunneling,thus better reflecting engineering reality.

Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries:A review

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.

Climate state of the Three Gorges Region in the Yangtze River basin in 2022–2023

Based on daily observation data of the Three Gorges Region(TGR)of the Yangtze River basin and global reanalysis data,the climate characteristics,climate events,and meteorological disasters of the TGR in 2022 and 2023 were analyzed.For the TGR,the average annual temperature for 2022 and 2023 was 0.8℃ and 0.4℃ higher than normal,respectively,making them the two warmest years in the past decade.In 2022,the TGR experienced its warmest summer on record.The average air temperature was 2.4℃ higher than the average,and there were 24.8 days of above-average high temperature days during summer.Rainfall in the TGR varied significantly between 2022 and 2023.Annual rainfall was 18.4%below normal and drier than normal in most parts of the region.In contrast,the precipitation in 2023 was considerably higher than the long-term average,and above normal for almost the entire year.The average wind speed exhibited minimal variation between the two years.However,the number of foggy days and relative humidity increased in 2023 compared to 2022.In 2022–2023,the TGR mainly experienced meteorological disasters such as extreme high temperatures,regional heavy rain and flooding,overcast rain,and inverted spring chill.Analysis indicates that the abnormal western Pacific subtropical high and the abnormal persistence of the eastward-shifted South Asian high were the two important drivers of the durative enhancement of record-breaking high temperature in the summer of 2022.

污水泵站前池设置压水板的改进措施研究

针对城市污水泵站的特点，结合水力模型试验成果，分析了前池中设置压水板对改善水泵进水流态。减少泥沙淤积的机理。提出了前池中压水板的设置高度和位置。借助泥沙起动理论分析，提出在前池中防止泥沙淤积的流速计算公式，可以用以校核压水板高度。

“理想”和“梦”的差异——论无名氏的前期创作及其与时代主导文学的疏离

抗战时期无名氏的创作经历了一个与其时代的主导文学由亲和到疏离的过程。《北极风情画》和《塔里的女人》的“成功”,是他以一种“轻逸”姿态跃然于沉重的“时代写作”之上 ,确立其创作中的审美个人主义原则的开始。《北》和《塔》的意义在于 ,它使被严峻的时代压抑下去的个人性、浪漫性话语重新浮出了海面 ;它与“时代写作”的内在差异在于一种“梦”和“理想”的差异。

水杉枯萎病病原初步研究

对引起水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Chang枯萎病的病原进行了分离、接种和鉴定。鉴定结果表明病原为一种色二孢菌 Diplodia

Electrochemical behavior of Li^+,Mg^(2+),Na^+ and K^+ in LiFePO_4/FePO_4 structures

Besides Li＋ and Mg2＋, the electrochemical behavior of Na^＋ and K＋ in LiFePO4/FePO4 structures was studied since they naturally coexist with Li＋ and Mg2＋ in brine. The cyclic voltammogram （CV） results indicated that Na＋ exhibits some reversibility in LiFePO4/FePO4 structures. Its reduction peak appears at -0.511 V, more negative than that of Li＋ （-0.197 V）, meaning that a relatively positive potential is beneficial for decreasing Na＋ insertion. The reduction peak of K＋ could not be found clearly, indicating that K＋ is difficult to insert into the FePO4 structure. Furthermore, technical experiments using real brine with a super high Mg/Li ratio （493） at a cell voltage of 0.7V showed that the final extracted capacity of Li＋, Mg2＋ and Na＋ that can be attained in 1 g LiFePO4 is 24.1 mg, 7.32 mg and 4.61 mg, respectively. The Mg/Li ratio can be reduced to 0.30 from 493, and the Na/Li ratio to 0.19 from 16.7, which proves that, even in super high Mg/Li ratio brine, if a cell voltage is appropriately controlled, it is possible to separate Li^＋ and other impurities effectively.

Electrochemical properties of magnesium alloy anodes discharged in seawater

Magnesium alloys can be developed as anode materials for seawater activated batteries. The electrochemical properties of AZ31, AP65 and Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg alloy anodes discharged in seawater were studied. The potentiodynamic polarization shows that the Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg alloy provides more negative corrosion potentials than AZ31 or AP65 alloy. The galvanostatic discharge results show that the Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg alloy exhibits good electrochemical properties as anodes in seawater. And the EIS studies reveal that the magnesium alloy anode/seawater interfacial process is determined by an activation controlled reaction. The Mg3Hg and Mg21Ga5Hg3 phases in Mg-3%Ga-2%Hg alloy improve its electrochemical properties better than the Mg17（Al,Zn）12 phase in AZ31 and Mg（Pb） solid solution phase in AP65 alloys.

Discharge behavior and electrochemical properties of Mg-Al-Sn alloy anode for seawater activated battery

Mg-Al-Sn alloy is one of the new developed anode materials for seawater activated batteries. The potentiodynamic polarization, galvanostatic discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn and Mg-6%Al-5%Sn(mass fraction) alloys in seawater were studied and compared with the commercial AZ31 and AP65 alloys. The results show that the Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy obtains the most negative discharge potential of average-1.611V with a electric current density of 100 mA/cm2. EIS studies reveal that the Mg-Al-Sn alloy/seawater interfacial electrochemical process is determined by an activation controlled reaction. The assembled prototype batteries with Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy as anodes and Ag Cl as cathodes exhibit a satisfactory integrated discharge properties.

Electricity generation during wastewater treatment by a microbial fuel cell coupled with constructed wetland

A membrane-less constructed wetland microbial fuel cell （CW-MFC） is constructed and operated under continuous flow with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 2 d. Fed with glucose, the CW-MFC generates a stable current density of over 2 A/m3 with a resistor of 1 kΩ and has a chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of more than 90% after the startup of 2 to 3 d. A series of systems with the electrode spacings of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm are compared. It is found that the container with the electrode spacing of 20 cm gains the highest voltage of 560 mV, the highest power density of 0. 149 W/m 3, and the highest Coulombic efficiency of 0.313%. It also has the highest COD removal efficiency of 94. 9%. In addition, the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentrations are observed as the lowest level in the middle of all the CW-MFC reactors. The results show that the more COD is removed, the greater power is generated, and the relatively higher Coulombic efficiency will be achieved. The present study indicates that the CW-MFC process can be used as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment with simultaneous power generation.

Electrochemical behaviors of tantalum in anhydrous ethanol containing hydrogen sulfate ions

The electrochemical behaviors of Ta in tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate（TBAHS） ethanol solutions were studied using potentiodynamic polarization,cyclic voltammetry,potentiostatic current time transient and impedance techniques.The results revealed that no active-passive transition is presented in the cyclic voltammogram,and the anodic current density increases with the increase of solution temperature,TBAHS concentration,potential scan rate and water content.The apparent activation energy is about 43.389 kJ/mol and the dissolution process is diffusion-controlled.Potentiostatic measurements showed that the current density gradually decays to a steady value when the potential is low;however,when the potential is higher than a certain value,the current density initially declines to a minimum value and then increases gradually.The resistance of passive film decreases with increasing potential,and inductive loops are presented when the potential is higher than 2.0 V.

《四诊抉微》黑苔初探

黑苔属于现代中医诊断学舌诊这一章节内容,从学习现代中医诊断学我们得知,黑苔主里寒里热的危重之证。其主要形成的病因有阳虚寒湿内盛、痰饮内停、湿热内蕴日久、热极津枯、胃肠素有湿浊,宿食积久化热,熏蒸秽浊上泛于舌面。而《四诊抉微》一书中对黑苔的分析简明扼要,搜汇百家,参己独见,将黑苔出现的病机分为三大部分,提出黑苔主真阴衰竭,水不制火的新解。此书为清代医家林之翰所著。现将《四诊抉微》中分析黑苔的学术思想进行初步探讨如下。

Effect of impurities in recycling water on Pb-Ag anode passivation in zinc electrowinning process

Effect of impurities in recycling water on Pb-Ag anode passivation in zinc electrowinning process was investigated by linear scan voltammetry.Results show that passivation process would be affected in the presence of Cl^-and F-in recycling water.It was highly advantageous to take H2SO4 concentration as 180g/L,Mn^2＋ concentration as 3-5 g/L and F-less than 42mg/L.However,passivation process would not be affected when Cl^-concentration was less than 13mg/L without any other ions,or when mass ratio of Mn^2＋ to Cl^-existing in electrolyte was 8,where Cl^-concentration could reach up to 625mg/L.

Effect of Polar Auxin Transport on Rice Root Development

Polar auxin transport (PAT) is critical in plant growth and development, especially polar differentiation and pattern formation. Lots of studies have been performed in dicots while relative less in monocots. Using two kinds of PAT inhibitors, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA), it was shown that PAT is important for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Zhonghua 11) root development, including elongation of the primary roots, initiation and elongation of lateral roots, and formation of adventitious roots. Inhibition of PAT resulted in the shortened primary roots, less and shortened lateral and adventitious roots. Exogenously supplemented NAA can partially rescue the formation of adventitious roots but not lateral roots, while low concentration of NAA (0.1 mumol/L) could not rescue either of them, suggesting the possible different mechanisms of lateral and adventitious root initiations. Treatment of 30 mumol/L TIBA did not completely inhibit the initiation of lateral roots, and survival capacities of which were demonstrated through cross section experiments revealing the presence of primordial of lateral roots at different stages. Further studies through localized application of PAT inhibitors indicated that auxin flow, transported from coleoptiles to the base, is not only responsible for the auxin contents in stem nodes but also critical for initiation and elongation of adventitious roots.

Research on RTP aeromagnetic gradient data and its applicability in different latitudes

Aeromagnetic gradient data needs to be reduced to the pole so that it can be better applied to geological interpretation through theoretical derivation.In this paper,we conduct research on the morphological characteristics of the total and horizontal gradient modules before and after reduction to the pole and design models at different latitudes,with consistent and inconsistent magnetic field direction and geological body magnetization direction.We discuss how to use the total gradient module and horizontal gradient module in geological interpretation.The reduced-to-the-pole（RTP） method is required for the horizontal gradient module method but not for the total gradient module.Finally,the conclusions derived from the theoretical models are verified through analysis of real data.The position determination of a geological body using the total gradient method,gradient data,or total-field data works better without RTP,ensuring data primitive authenticity.However,the horizontal gradient module should be reduced to the pole to determine the boundary of the geological body.Finally,the theoretical model is verified by actual data analysis.Both the total and horizontal gradient methods can be applied to geological interpretation.