三门峡水库蓄清排浑运用以来库区冲淤演变初步分析

水库蓄清排浑运用以来 ,黄河潼关 1974～ 1986、1987～ 1995、1996～ 2 0 0 2年均水量较 195 0～ 195 9年减少9 1% ,35 5 %、5 5 5 % ,沙量减少 4 0 9%、4 9 6 %、6 6 2 %。潼关以下三个时段年均淤积量为 0 0 4 2、0 16 1、0 2 0 8亿m3。呈水沙量递减 ,淤积量递增趋势。潼关同流量水位 2 9年升高 2 31m ,受上游冲淤下延影响升高 1 0 5m占 4 5 5 % ,其他因素影响升高 1 2 6m占 5 4 5 %。小北干流非汛期冲刷、汛期淤积格局未变 ,反映了水库运用对小北干流没有明显影响。渭河华县站 1974～ 1986年水量较大 ,渭淤 1～ 10断面仅淤积 0 0 6 5亿m3,华县同流量水位升高 0 0 3m。以 1974～ 1986年为准 ,1987～ 1995年、1996～ 2 0 0 2年华县年均水量减少 2 2 8%、5 6 2 % ,年均沙量减少 11 6 %、34 4 %。渭淤 1～ 10断面 1987～ 1995年淤积 1 72亿m3,特别是 1994和 1995年的中小洪水 ,汛期淤积 0 85亿m3主河槽萎缩 ,华县同流量水位升高 1 0 7m。

Annual Discharge and Sediment Load Variation in Jialing River During the Past 50 Years

Annual discharge and annual suspended sediment loads of Beipei Hydrological Station of the Jialing River catchment were analyzed to describe the trend of Jialing River over the last five decades (1956-2006). These loads were also analyzed to ascertain the influential factors associated with its variation with the help of Kendall's Tau-b correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated that the Jialing River annual discharge showed no significant trend at >95% confidence level while the annual sediment load appeared to have a significant decrease trend over the last 50 years. A decrease in the annual sediment load was particularly apparent after the year 1985, at which a substantial shift in the sediment level occurred. This shift is attributed to the construction of numerous dams in 1980s. However, after the year of 1985, two periodical stages (1986-1991 and 1992-2006) with distinct sediment load and sediment-runoff ratio were identified. The period 1992-2006 is characterised by low sediment load, which is most probably due to the impact of large scale of soil and water conservation, which took place at the end of the 1980s. Last, models describing the relationship between the discharge and the sediment load, discharge and sediment-runoff ratio as well as between the sediment load and sediment-runoff ratio were constructed.