“微课”技术在高职《水泥性质检测》教学中的应用

实验实训教学需要教师在有限的教学场地内对大量学生完成设备讲解、流程介绍以及操作监管等工作,场地和师生比例造成教师要进行大量重复讲解,以至于操作监管难以有效进行。为此引入"微课"技术对实验实训教学进行辅助,以改善教学的课堂组织。

水泥环性质对套管抗挤强度影响的有限元分析

套管常在油层和泥岩部位严重损坏，分析认为这是生产过程中地应力发生了变化，导致油层孔隙压力或泥岩力学性质改变，造成地应力重新分布的结果。因此，水泥环的质量对套管的影响较大。建立了二维平面轴对称和平面应变有限元模型，利用Ansys有限元软件分析了套管在水泥环影响下的变形特征。分析表明，最大应力在套管内壁产生，均匀我荷下套管抗挤强度是非均匀载荷的5～7倍，而且栽荷椭圆度越大，套管内壁应力越大。增大水泥环弹性模量可以有效减小套管最大应力，因此，均匀我荷下应适当提高水泥环弹性模量，以达到提高套管抗挤强度的目的。

水泥环性质对套管外载影响的模拟试验

在非均匀地应力作用下，含水泥岩蠕变使套管产生一个外挤力。在自制的真三轴模拟试验装置上进行了大尺寸真三轴模拟试验。试验结果表明，套管外挤力的分布是非均匀的，且随着时间的延长而增大；套管外载的分布为类椭圆形，经过较长时间趋于稳定值，其大小与地应力成正比。水泥环的弹性参数和泥岩含水量等对套管外载有一定影响。随水泥环弹性模量的增加，套管所受外载减小，且其非均匀性减小。水泥环厚度变化对套管外载无太大影响。

泥水平衡盾构中海水泥浆性质试验研究

采用泥水平衡式盾构开挖海底隧道,考虑地层富含海水,泥水仓泥浆可采用海水泥浆和淡水泥浆。利用海水配制泥浆可以大大降低施工成本,但海水富含的离子成分引起海水泥浆性质降低。为明确海水泥浆性质与不同影响因素的定量关系,笔者开展了不同膨润土类型、膨润土含量、不同海水掺入量及静置时间对海水泥浆性质的影响试验,认为:海水离子对海水泥浆的黏度和胶体率的影响巨大,分析不同影响因素对泥浆性质指标的影响规律,提出了膨润土与海水离子的中和作用关系,采取增加膨润土而改善海水泥浆性质的措施并不经济;同时,采用海水泥浆时不可停止泥浆搅拌与循环,防止海水泥浆离析。研究成果明确了海水泥浆性质与不同影响因素的定量关系,对于泥水平衡盾构采用海水泥浆的认知与配制具有重要的指导作用。

添加超微粒 水泥对水泥混凝土工程性质的影响

近年来纳米科技发展非常蓬勃,许多领域纷纷投入了纳米的行列,纳米材料的发展使土木工程也迈入奈米世界,如果能让纳米材料充分发挥它的特性,让混凝土性质更为致密,工程性质更强,那么这对工程界来说是一项难得的突破。因此,本文主要对超微粒水泥对水泥混凝土工程性质的影响进行分析探讨。

温-压耦合作用下水泥环参数对套管应力影响

套管应力的准确计算是保证井筒完整性的重要基础;但现有理论直接将地应力加载到模型中,计算所得的位移场包含了地层在原始构造应力下所产生的位移;而此位移并非是钻开井眼后所产生的,这样就会对套管应力的计算产生影响。在原有模型基础之上,消除了原始构造应力所产生的位移,建立井筒组合体温-压耦合模型。根据弹性理论,由界面应力、位移连续性条件,推导了组合体在温度和压力共同作用下的应力解析解。研究了水泥环弹性模量、泊松比和厚度对套管应力的影响规律。结果表明,对于低弹性模量的地层,现有模型的套管应力计算值远远高;对于高弹性模量地层会低。对于不同水泥环泊松比,现有模型计算值低。水泥环厚度较小时,现有模型计算值偏高;较大时则偏低。由此可见现有模型存在一定的差异,尤其是对于低弹性模量地层,需要对现有模型进行修正,才能为水泥环参数设计提供正确的理论指导。

浅析水泥对混凝土耐久性的影响

水泥混凝土一直认为是一种耐久性良好的土木工程材料,但是目前其耐久性问题一直引起广泛重视,本文主要从混凝土收缩、抗硫酸盐侵蚀和抗冻性三个方面分析了混凝土耐久性问题,对于今后水泥混凝土工艺设计具有一定作用。

Effects of Composted and Thermally Dried Sewage Sludges on Soil and Soil Humic Acid Properties

The effect of annual additions of composted sewage sludge (CS) and thermally dried sewage sludge (TS) at 80 t ha-1 on soil chemical properties was investigated for three years in a field experiment under semiarid conditions. Humic acids (HAs) isolated by conventional procedures from CS, TS, and unamended (SO) and sludge amended soils were analysed for elemental (C, H, N, S and O) and acidic functional groups (carboxylic and phenolic) and by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies. With respect to CS, TS had similar pH and total P and K contents, larger dry matter, total organic C, total N and C/N ratio and smaller ash content and electrical conductivity. Amendment with both CS and TS induced a number of modifications in soil properties, including an increase of pH, electrical conductivity, total organic C, total N, and available P. The CS-HA had greater O, total acidity, carboxyl, and phenolic OH group contents and smaller C and H contents than TS-HA. The CS-HA and TS-HA had larger N and S contents, smaller C, O and acidic functional group contents, and lower aromatic polycondensation and humification degrees than SO-HA. Amended soil-HAs showed C, H, N and S contents larger than SO-HA, suggesting that sludge HAs were partially incorporated into soil HAs. These effects were more evident with increasing number of sludge applications.

Sewage Sludge Usage in Cotton Crop: I. Influence on SoilProperties

A field experiment with cotton was conducted on a well drained, calcareous, clay loamy Typic Xerochreptto investigate the utility of sewage sludge as a partial substitute for fertilizers and the influence of its application on the basic soil properties and heavy metal concentrations. The experimental design was completelyrandomized blocks with five treatments replicated four times each. Sewage sludge came from the treatmentplant of the municipality of Volos, Central Greece, with the following characteristics: organic matter content36.6 %, pH (H2O 1:5) 6.89, CaCO3 53.4 g kg-1 , total N 26.5 g kg--1, total P 33.5 g kg--1 , and total K 968mg kg--1 soil. Heavy metal concentrations were Cd 5.24, Pb 442, Ni 38, Cu 224, Zn 1 812, and Mn 260 mgkg--1 dry weight, respectively. The soil was high in potassium (K) and poor in available phosphorus (P). Theresults showed that sewage sludge application increased cotton yield and K and P concentrations in cottonleaves. Soil pH was reduced in the case of higher sewage sludge rate. Electrical conductivity, organic mattercontent, total N, and available P were significantly increased. Total concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu wereslightly increased. DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu and Mn were also significantly increased. Available forms ofall heavy metals, except Cd, were significantly correlated with organic matter content in a positive way andnegatively with soil pH.

Cemented backfill technology based on phosphorous gypsum

Physical-chemical properties of phosphorous gypsum, proportion and cemented mechanism of slurry with gypsum as aggregate were studied to remove the harms of gypsum pile, combining with difficult problems of excessive mined-out gobs, enormous ore body under roadway and low recovery ratio of Yongshaba Mine, Kaiyang Phosphor Mine Group, Guizhou Province, China. An appropriate backfill system and craflwork were designed, using shattering milling method to crush gypsum, double-axles mixing and strong activation mixing way to mix slurry, cemented slurry and mullock backfill alternately process. The results show that gypsum is fit for backfilling afterwards by adding fly ash, though it is not an ideal aggregate for fine granule and coagulate retardation. The suggested dosage （the mass ratio of cement to fly ash to gypsum） is 1：1：6-1：1：8 with mass fraction of solid materials 60%-63%. Slurry is transported in suspend state with non-plastic strength, and then in concretion state after backfilling. The application to mine shows the technology is feasible, and gypsum utilization ratio is up to 100%. Transportation and backfill effect is very good for paste-like slurry and drenching cemented slurry into mullock, and the compressive strength and recovery ratio are 2.0 MPa and 82.6%, respectively, with the maximum subsidence of surface only 1.307 mm. Furthermore, the investment of system is about 7 × 10^6 yuan （RMB）, only 1/10 of that of traditional paste backfill system.

Experimemal study on improving the durability of concrete with Mineral Powder and Activator

An equivalent amount of metallurgical slag, water-quenched slag powder and activator was substituted for a part of cement to prepare concretes at strength grades ofC25, C30 and C40. Thanks to the filling effect, pozzolanic effect, raicro-aggregate effect, and improvement of pore structure, the prepared concretes not only had greater strength compared with reference concrete, but also had greater impermeability and frost-resistance. Moreover, the expansion reactions between alkali and aggregates were effectively inhibited. The slag and activator can serve as the raw materials for green concretes.

Effective Use of Cement for Modification of Base Course Material

Cement improves properties of soil materials, such as durability, stiffness, strength and moisture susceptibility. Each of them needs different cement contents that might not be suitable for other properties. Typically, high cement content is desirable for durability, but not for shrinkage and cracking issues on the surface. Thus, improving durability with low cement content while complying with other requirements is an ideal aim, which may be achieved by pozzolanic supplementary products. Pozzolans contribute in hydration reactions and optimise cement consumptions in favour of durable and low shrinkage products. In this paper, the mixes of nano-silica and fly ash are considered to investigate their effect on strength, durability and shrinkage of modified CRB （crushed rock base） material. In the end, the benefits and features of nano-silica as a pozzolanic material will be focused and discussed more for effective cement consumption in soils.

Study of Changes in Physiochemical Properties of Soil by the Addition of Cement

The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soil samples, as dry mass percentage was 20%. The results of analysis showed that the addition of cement is capable of bringing about changes in physiochemical properties of soil. The electrical conductivity and organic matter content in three soils get decreased by the addition of cement. While the pH, bulk density and water holding capacity of soils after the addition of cement gets increased. The soil found most suitable to be treated with cement was roadside soil. It was concluded that cement can be used to change the physiochemical properties of soil and this technique has great utility in improving the quality of problematic soils.

Characteristic of COD removal and sludge settleability in biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater

In order to investigate the feasibility of biological treatment of bypersaline wastewater produced from toilet flushing with seawater at low temperature, pilot-scale studies were established with plug-flow activated sludge process at low temperature （5-9℃） based on bench-scale experiments. The critical salinity concentration of 30 g/L, which resulted from the cooperation results of the non-halophilic bacteria and the halophilic bacteria, was drawn in bench-scale experiment. Pilot-scale studies showed that high COD removal efficiency, higher than 85 %, was obtained at low temperature when 30 percent seawater [ seawater/（seawater ＋ sewage） ] was introduced. The salinity improved the settleability of activated sludge, and average SV dropped down from 38% to 22. 5% after adding seawater. Sludge bulking could be forborne effectively because filamentous bacteria couldn＇t subsist under high salinity concentration.

Study on Properties of Anti-Gas Channeling Lightweight Temperature-Resistant Latex Slurry

There is low formation pressure coefficient and high formation temperature in ludong-wucaiwan area. Gas cut and gas channeling happen seriously during oil and gas well cementing. The existing anti-migration additive has only effects on single trait, so it is difficult to meet cementing requirement. According to this situation we could use latex slurry to anti-gas channeling. We have synthesised a set of anti-gas channeling lightweight temperature-resistant latex slurry and formed a new channeling preventing latex slurry through plenty of previous laboratory experiments. Finally the performance of latex slurry on temperature-resistant, anti-gas channeling and the anti-gas channeling of cement paste are studied. The experimental results show that this latex system has strong temperature-resistant and anti-gas channeling, which completely meet the requirement of cementing in this area.

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Based on a series of tests and engineering examples, a study on the mechanical behavior of synthetic fiber reinforced concrete is presented. As a result, when fiber content varies from 0.03% to 0.14%, though the synthetic fiber has more influence on low strength-grade concrete than on high strength-grade concrete, it makes little difference to the mechanical behavior of concrete in general. Test results and applications in construction show that the synthetic fiber can enhance the energy-absorbing capacity and deformation performance of concrete effectively.

Analysis on effective stress formula and consolidation of gassy muddy clay

In order to found an applicable equation of consolidation for gassy muddy clay, an effective stress formula of gas-charged nearly-saturated soils was introduced. And then, a consolidation equation was derived. Subsequently, supposing soils were under tangential loading, the expressions of pore water pressure were presented. The analytic solution of pore water pressure was attempted to be validated by the measured values in a real embankment. The parameters in the expressions of pore water pressure were gotten by the method of trial. The result shows that the consolidation model is rational and the analytic solution of pore water pressure is correct. The following conclusions can be made: 1) the influence of bubbles on the compressibility of pore fluid should be considered; 2) the effective stress would be influenced by bubbles, and the consolidation would depend on the compressibility of soil skeleton: the softer the soils are, the more distinct the influence of bubbles is; for normal clay, the influence of bubbles on the effective stress may be commonly neglected.

Controlling of cements and physical property of sandstone by fault as observed in well Xia503 of Huimin sag,Linnan sub-depression

Cement content of carbonate in tight sandstone near section is much the fault of well Xia503, in the Huimin sag in Linnan sub-depression higher than that of the normal sandstones far away from In order to understand the origin and its impact on fault sealing, analyses of the whole-rock minerals, casting thin sections, cathodoluminescence, isotope and physical properties are conducted on cores from well Xia503. It is found that c~ L3C varies from 0.1%o to 0.6%o with the average value of 0.42%o, c~ LSO varies from -13.5%o to -12.3%c with the average of-13.1%~., and C-O isotope plotting points are distributed in the low to moderate temperature area of the hydrothermal dolomite. According to the occupied relationship, cathodoluminescence, and C-O isotope feature, the carbonate cementation could be divided into four stages： calcites, dolomite, ankerite, and ferrocalcite. It is discovered that the carbonate cementation is negatively related to reservoir physical property, with the porosity of 4.8%, permeability of 0.37 roD, and displacement pressure of 1.97 MPa in the tight sandstone, which have increased by almost one order of magnitude compared to the porosity of 14.3%, permeability of 3.73 mD, and displacement pressure of 0.27 MPa in the normal sandstone, which is far away from the fault. Regardless of the lithology of the counterpart wall of the fault, only the displacement pressure difference caused by carbonate cementation between the tight sandstone and the normal sandstone could seal 41 m high oil column.