Based on the relationship between water environment system and human society, water environment carrying capacity （WECC） probes into supporting ability of complex water environment system to the human society. Recen...Based on the relationship between water environment system and human society, water environment carrying capacity （WECC） probes into supporting ability of complex water environment system to the human society. Recent years, due to the shortage of water resources and serious water pollution in several watersheds in China, the research of watershed water environment carrying capacity （WWECC） becomes very important. The conception, connotation and method of representation of WWECC are discussed deeply in this paper. It shows that WWECC is a kind of index that instructs whether the water environment system in watershed can continue to support the development of social economy and ecology, it is dimensionless number.展开更多
Water management in general and in the Indus Basin in particular is concerned with the energy-efficient transportation of hydrologically exploitable resources from the upper zone to climatically favourable areas where...Water management in general and in the Indus Basin in particular is concerned with the energy-efficient transportation of hydrologically exploitable resources from the upper zone to climatically favourable areas where irrigation helps to supersede arid conditions for the cultivation of crops and watering of meadows.In other words:Human intervention sets the stage for the allocation of water from a wider catchment area in a smaller habitat where this resource is deficient.Emphasis on mountain irrigation practices is counteracted with developments in the forelands where different frame conditions prevail and peculiar development problems occur.In dealing with the importance of water from the mountain regions three dimensions have to be evaluated:1) natural factors and their validity for the environmental frame conditions and technological adaptation processes;2) social factors and their impact on culture,economy and equitability;3) institutional factors and their importance for sustainable growth and for the implementation of development projects.In the study of decentralized irrigation systems in high mountain regions of the Indus Basin a systems theoretical approach values the complexity of interrelationships between different systems elements.Human activities in arid mountain regions are restricted by limiting ecological factors and are characterized by certain utilization and adaptive strategies.展开更多
This paper discribes the definition of ecosystem health for the water-level flutuation zone of the Three Gorges Region and puts forward an evaluation system involving indicators in three groups: 1) structural indicato...This paper discribes the definition of ecosystem health for the water-level flutuation zone of the Three Gorges Region and puts forward an evaluation system involving indicators in three groups: 1) structural indicators comprise slope, biodiversity, environmental capacity, stability, restoration ability and damage situation; 2) functional indicators including probability of geological hazard, erosion rate, habitat rate, land use intension and days of tourist season; 3) environmental indicatiors made up of population quality, potential intension of human, ground water quality, ambient air quality, wastewater treatment rate, pesticide use rate, fertilizer use rate, environmental management and public participation. In the design of the system, the subject zone is regarded as the type similar to wetland and the impacts of human activities on the zone are attached great importance to.展开更多
The results presented in this paper are a part of the research results of the thesis ＂research on scientific basis and practice of develop a system of monitoring the impacts of climate change on surface water and gro...The results presented in this paper are a part of the research results of the thesis ＂research on scientific basis and practice of develop a system of monitoring the impacts of climate change on surface water and groundwater＂. Case study： Ma river basin in Vietnam. The results were implemented： （i） data collection, fieldwork survey, synthesis and analysis of information and data; （ii） partitioning the influence degree of climate change and sea level rise to groundwater; （iii） determining criteria to select monitoring routes, location of monitoring groundwater in the condition of climate change and sea level rise and （iv） developing the monitoring system. The research＇s results have practical implications for the water resources management in the context of climate change and sea level rise in Ma river basin.展开更多
Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accid...Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.展开更多
The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecologi...The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).展开更多
The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply(IBWTS)project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water fr...The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply(IBWTS)project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water from exporting reservoir.In this study,a joint operating rule is proposed for the purpose of solving such complex operation problem.This rule is composed of a set of sub-rules,including hedging rule curves of virtual aggregation reservoir(i.e.equivalent reservoir)and other individual reservoirs,water-transfer rule curves of each individual reservoir,as well as some of important assisted rules.These assisted rules refer to allocation models for water transfer-supply.In the proposed rule,an equivalent reservoir is established to determine under what condition the water supply should be reduced and specify the total supplied water for joint water demand(i.e.aggregation method).Allocation models are developed to distribute the total transferred water into each importing reservoir and determine the water releases for joint water demand by each member reservoir of the aggregation system(i.e.decomposition method).And these models are integrated with a set of influence factors such as hydrologic characteristics,reservoir storage or vacant storage,regulating ability,water-supply pressure,and so on.The aggregation of multi-reservoirs and the disaggregation of water quantities are taken into a whole consideration to reduce the complexity in reallocation of water target storage or water release.Finally,the proposed rule is applied to the North-line IBWTS Project in Liaoning Province,China.The results indicate that the proposed rule can take full advantage of hydrologic compensation in basins and capacity compensation in reservoirs.Thus it can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in system.展开更多
文摘Based on the relationship between water environment system and human society, water environment carrying capacity （WECC） probes into supporting ability of complex water environment system to the human society. Recent years, due to the shortage of water resources and serious water pollution in several watersheds in China, the research of watershed water environment carrying capacity （WWECC） becomes very important. The conception, connotation and method of representation of WWECC are discussed deeply in this paper. It shows that WWECC is a kind of index that instructs whether the water environment system in watershed can continue to support the development of social economy and ecology, it is dimensionless number.
基金grants from the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft(DFG)support from the Aga Khan Development Network(AKDN)
文摘Water management in general and in the Indus Basin in particular is concerned with the energy-efficient transportation of hydrologically exploitable resources from the upper zone to climatically favourable areas where irrigation helps to supersede arid conditions for the cultivation of crops and watering of meadows.In other words:Human intervention sets the stage for the allocation of water from a wider catchment area in a smaller habitat where this resource is deficient.Emphasis on mountain irrigation practices is counteracted with developments in the forelands where different frame conditions prevail and peculiar development problems occur.In dealing with the importance of water from the mountain regions three dimensions have to be evaluated:1) natural factors and their validity for the environmental frame conditions and technological adaptation processes;2) social factors and their impact on culture,economy and equitability;3) institutional factors and their importance for sustainable growth and for the implementation of development projects.In the study of decentralized irrigation systems in high mountain regions of the Indus Basin a systems theoretical approach values the complexity of interrelationships between different systems elements.Human activities in arid mountain regions are restricted by limiting ecological factors and are characterized by certain utilization and adaptive strategies.
文摘This paper discribes the definition of ecosystem health for the water-level flutuation zone of the Three Gorges Region and puts forward an evaluation system involving indicators in three groups: 1) structural indicators comprise slope, biodiversity, environmental capacity, stability, restoration ability and damage situation; 2) functional indicators including probability of geological hazard, erosion rate, habitat rate, land use intension and days of tourist season; 3) environmental indicatiors made up of population quality, potential intension of human, ground water quality, ambient air quality, wastewater treatment rate, pesticide use rate, fertilizer use rate, environmental management and public participation. In the design of the system, the subject zone is regarded as the type similar to wetland and the impacts of human activities on the zone are attached great importance to.
文摘The results presented in this paper are a part of the research results of the thesis ＂research on scientific basis and practice of develop a system of monitoring the impacts of climate change on surface water and groundwater＂. Case study： Ma river basin in Vietnam. The results were implemented： （i） data collection, fieldwork survey, synthesis and analysis of information and data; （ii） partitioning the influence degree of climate change and sea level rise to groundwater; （iii） determining criteria to select monitoring routes, location of monitoring groundwater in the condition of climate change and sea level rise and （iv） developing the monitoring system. The research＇s results have practical implications for the water resources management in the context of climate change and sea level rise in Ma river basin.
文摘Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51021066)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2010CB951102)
文摘The operation of reservoir(s) has a certain impact on the downstream hydrologic regime,and even endangers the ecological water safety of river corridor and ecosystems which interact with river system.Therefore,ecological operation needs to be carried out in order to ensure ecological water use of downstream zone.The key technological support is the estimation and integrated calculation of ecological water demand.The connotation of the integrated calculation on ecological water demand lies on that the ecological water demand of different ecosystems is integrated to meet the requirements of water allocation and operation on watershed scale in terms of hydrological cycle.Considering the practical requirement of ecological operation of reservoir(s),this study proposed an integrated calculation approach of ecological water demand according to the ecological water demand in various ecosystems as well as the hydraulic connection among them;it established an integrated calculation model of regional ecological water demand by means of the distributed hydrological model,and studied the integrated calculation in Yalong River basin which is the source area of the west route of South-North Water Transfer Project as an example.The results indicated that the integrated calculation model more effectively combined the ecological water demand and hydraulic connection of ecosystems in time and space,compared with the lumped water balance analysis,since the former conquered the defect of insufficient ecological water source and supplement on multiple spatial and temporal scales,and met the demand of ecological operation of reservoir(s).
基金supported by the Major International(Regional)Cooperation Project(Grant No.51320105010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51379027,51109025)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT13JS06)
文摘The joint operation of inter-basin water transfer-supply(IBWTS)project can be more complex when there is joint water demand in multi-reservoir system and multi-importing reservoirs simultaneously transferring water from exporting reservoir.In this study,a joint operating rule is proposed for the purpose of solving such complex operation problem.This rule is composed of a set of sub-rules,including hedging rule curves of virtual aggregation reservoir(i.e.equivalent reservoir)and other individual reservoirs,water-transfer rule curves of each individual reservoir,as well as some of important assisted rules.These assisted rules refer to allocation models for water transfer-supply.In the proposed rule,an equivalent reservoir is established to determine under what condition the water supply should be reduced and specify the total supplied water for joint water demand(i.e.aggregation method).Allocation models are developed to distribute the total transferred water into each importing reservoir and determine the water releases for joint water demand by each member reservoir of the aggregation system(i.e.decomposition method).And these models are integrated with a set of influence factors such as hydrologic characteristics,reservoir storage or vacant storage,regulating ability,water-supply pressure,and so on.The aggregation of multi-reservoirs and the disaggregation of water quantities are taken into a whole consideration to reduce the complexity in reallocation of water target storage or water release.Finally,the proposed rule is applied to the North-line IBWTS Project in Liaoning Province,China.The results indicate that the proposed rule can take full advantage of hydrologic compensation in basins and capacity compensation in reservoirs.Thus it can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in system.
