基于“海绵城市”理念的四种园林植物耐水湿性研究——以韶关市为例

以海绵城市建设理念中对园林植物耐水湿性的相关要求为出发点,选取韶关地区常见的4种园林植物,进行人工水淹胁迫处理,通过观察其外部形态特征的变化,并对其叶片的生理指标:丙二醛、叶绿素的含量、蓄水量进行测定,利用隶属函数值法对4种园林植物的生长和耐水能力指标进行综合评价.结果显示,秋枫、阴香植物耐水性较差,乐昌含笑、香樟植物耐水性较好,不同观赏植物的耐水湿性存在显著差异.

水胶体敷料湿性愈合在股骨骨折手术切口中的应用研究

股骨骨折患者术后,在切口管理环节,分析水胶体敷料的应用价值。方法 本研究从医院接受手术治疗的股骨骨折患者着手,选取100例作为研究对象,研究时间线2020年2月-2022年2月,以随机分配的模式,将其划分为两组,即观察组(50)与对照组(50)。在对照组患者术后,对其切口进行处理时,以常规纱布的模式对其进行换药;在观察组患者术后,对其切口进行处理时,借助水胶体敷料,创建湿性愈合环境。对于两组患者的并发症产生率进行分析,评估两组患者所需的医疗费用,剖析两组患者的切口愈合时间等。结果 在切口愈合过程中,观察组所需花费的时间相对较短,低于对照组,即P<0.05。且观察组患者所需的医疗费用相对较低。对观察组患者的瘢痕愈合状况进行分析,愈合范围相对较小,P<0.05。结论 在股骨骨折术后环节,为提升切口处理水平,应注重对水胶体敷料的利用,在减少患者所需花费的医疗费用的同时,提升患者切口愈合水平。

湿陷性黄土-红砂岩集成水泥土填筑材料冻融循环试验研究

在湿陷性黄土地区,基槽回填区常因回填土自身沉降和湿陷等问题产生区域大面积沉降,对建筑正常使用和居民正常生活造成了严重影响。根据区域工程实际,提出湿陷性黄土–红砂岩集成水泥土填筑材料,并通过设置湿陷性黄土、红砂岩、水泥及水的不同占比进行正交试验,得到了利用黄土、红砂岩开发新型基槽回填材料的最佳配合比。通过对集成水泥土试件与素水泥土试件进行冻融循环试验,发现集成水泥土的抗冻性能明显优于素水泥土,具有更好的力学性能与使用耐久性。本研究为湿陷性黄土地区填筑材料的工程应用提供了一定的参考。

分光光度法测定化妆水中透明质酸含量

利用阿利新蓝染料和透明质酸（HA）形成复合物后其吸收程度发生改变，分析检测透明质酸的含量。确定510nm为HA．阿利新蓝染料复合物的最佳吸收波长；回归线方程Y=0．0007x＋0．0222，R2=0．9989，HA在100-1000ng／mL范围内呈现良好线性关系；确定商品化妆水中含HA0．07％，平均回收率104．8％，RSD为2．74％。

不同树种太湖滩地造林的耐水性试验

对不同树种在太湖滩地造林成活率、耐水性和生长情况进行比较,发现水杨梅、湿地松、金丝垂柳、垂柳、苏柳795、苏柳172、杞柳、35杨等8树种在水深30～50 cm中浸泡40 d时,其成活率均达97%以上,且生长正常,可以作为太湖滩地的造林树种;中山杉、池杉、落羽杉、水杉等4树种的成活率在30.2%～64.8%,加强前期管理可适当发展,光蜡树的造林成活率仅为19.5%,表明耐水性较差,不适合在长时间淹水滩地栽培。

Improvement of hydrophilicity of porous PVDF membranes with LiCl additives

Porous polyvinylidene fluoride（PVDF）membranes blended with LiCl are prepared through the phase inversion method to obtain a good support layer for air dehumidification.The hydrophilicity of the resulting membrane is evaluated by water contact angle measurements and vapor adsorption tests.The moisture permeation performance of the membrane is measured by permeation tests in terms of total mass transfer coefficients and moisture permeability rates.It is found that water contact angles and water vapor adsorption capacities increase with the increasing LiCl content in the casting solution.As the LiCl content increases,the total mass transfer coefficient increases slightly at a low LiCl content（below 2.5%）and then improves greatly at a high LiCl content（above 2.5%）,whereas the moisture permeation rate increases.The results demonstrate that LiCl can remarkably improve the hydrophilicity of PVDF membranes,and then greatly enhance moisture permeation performance.

Study on the Floating Plant Climatic Adaptation of Undercurrent Constructed Wetland in North China

[Objective] The aim was to choose appropriate floating plant in the wetland in the north China.[Method] Pistia stratiotes L.,Eichhornia crassipes,and Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer were planted in the aquatic biological pool of constructed subsurface flow wetland system in the reservoir.Through filed investigation,the growth of the three kinds of plants was studied and their adaptability to the northern climate was concluded.[Result] Judging from the growth speed and state of the three kinds of floating plants,the biological characteristic of Pistia stratiotes L.can perfectly adapt the environment in the pool in the reservoir,followed by the Eichhornia crassipes.The growth state of the Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer was the worst one and it can not adapt to the north environment.[Conclusion] It provided references for the choice of artificial floating plant in the north area.

Performance analysis on a novel water chiller using liquid desiccant

A new type of liquid desiccant water chiller for applications on air-conditioning and refrigeration is introduced.The system can be driven by low-grade heat sources with temperatures of 60 to 80 ℃,which can be easily obtained by a flat plat solar collector,waste heat,etc.A numerical model is developed to study the system performance.The effects of different parameters on performance are discussed,including evaporating temperature,regenerating temperature,ambient condition,and mass flow rates of closed moist air and regenerating air.The results show that an acceptable performance of a cooling capacity of 2.5 kW and a coefficient of performance of 0.37 can be achieved in a reference case.The regenerating temperature and the humidity ratios of ambient air are two main factors affecting system performance,while the temperature of ambient air functions less.In addition,the mass flow rate of regenerating air and closed moist air should be carefully determined for economical operation.

YEASTEX 酵母营养盐在我厂啤酒生产中的应用

一、前言YEASTEX 酵母营养盐,是由多种酵母生长、繁殖所必需的营养素组成,添加于麦汁中,能够使啤酒酵母保持较高的活性。我厂自3月份采用 YEASTEX 酵母营养盐以来,取得了较好的效果。二、酵母营养盐的添加方法酵母营养盐属于水湿性粉末。根据资料提供的数据及本厂的实际情况。

Stability of Pd-Cu-Cl_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst for CO oxidation

By taking advantage of silylanization, Al2O3 support was modified by organosilane and supported Pd-Cu-Clx/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared. The effects of hydrophobicity on catalyst stability during CO oxidation were investigated. The physicochemical properties and redox potential of the catalyst were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, H2-TPR, and XPS. In order to understand the relationship between the oxidation stability of CO and the presence of water, the CO oxidation mechanism was studied by in situ DRIFT. Support pretreatment markedly promoted catalyst stability during CO oxidation; CO conversion was 78% after 150 h at saturated humidity and freezing point. Modification led to an obvious decrease in chloride ion concentration and enhancement in hydrophobicity. The role of water in CO oxidation was complicated. The presence of water favored CO oxidation over active Pd~＋ species and Pd0 reoxidation by Cu^（2＋） species. Meanwhile, water also inhibited the formation of the active Pd~＋ species and helped to produce carbonate species. Compared with the form of the carbonate species, the inhibition of water to produce active Pd~＋ species played the main detrimental role in catalyst stability.

Influence of nitrogen hetero-substitution on the electrochemical performance of coal-based activated carbons measured in non-aqueous electrolyte

Nitrogen-containing carbons were prepared by modification of activated carbons.The modified carbons were used as electrode materials with improved electrochemical performance.Precursor anthracite was activated by KOH(KOH:anthracite= 1:1), modified by melamine or urea and then treated at 1173 K to obtain the modified carbons.The porous structure, the chemical composition and the electrochemical characteristics of the carbons were investigated by nitrogen sorption, XPS and electrochemical methods respectively.Electrochemical experiments were performed in an organic electrolytic solution of 1 M(C2H5)4NBF4/PC.The samples modified by the different methods showed differences in chemical composition that introduced varying degrees of electrochemical performance enhancement.The presence of nitrogen enhanced the electron donor properties and the surface wettability of the activated carbons:this ensured a sufficient utilization of the exposed surface for charge storage.

Femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces

The preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic interface materials has become a research hotspot because of their wide application in self-cleaning, drag reduction, oil-water separation, anti-oil pollution and so on. The unique wettability of organisms gives inspiration to design and create new interface materials. This review focuses on the recent research progress of femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces. This review starts with a presentation of the related background including the advantages of femtosecond laser and wettability theoretical basis. Then, organisms with unique wettability in nature, the preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces by femtosecond lasers on different materials, and their related important applications are introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects with regard to this field are provided.

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen(N) enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits(plant height and aboveground biomass), leaf morphological(specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry mass content(LDMC)) and chemical traits(leaf N concentration(LNC) and leaf phosphorus(P) concentration(LPC)) of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates(0 g N/(m2·yr), 6 g N/(m2·yr), 12 g N/(m2·yr) and 24 g N/(m2·yr)) in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.

Root Zone Microbial Populations, Urease Activities, and Purification Efficiency for a Constructed Wetland

In order to investigate the effects of microorganisms and their urease activities in macrophytic root zones on pollutant removal, four small-scale plots (SSPs) of vertical/reverse-vertical flow wetlands were set up to determine: a) the relationship between the abundance of microorganisms in the root zones and water purification efficiency; and b) the relationship between urease activities in the root zones and pollutant removal in a constructed wetland system. Total numbers of the microbial population (bacteria, fungi, and actinomyces) along with urease activities in the macrophytic root zones were determined. In addition, the relationships between microbial populations and urease activities as well as the wastewater purification efficiencies of total phosphorus (TP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were also analyzed. The results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.9772, P ＜ 0.01) between the number of bacteria in the root zones and BOD5 removal efficiency and a significant negative correlation (r = -0.9092, P ＜ 0.05) between the number of fungi and the removal efficiency of TKN. Meanwhile, there was a significant positive correlation (r -- 0.8830, P ＜ 0.05) between urease activities in the root zones and the removal efficiency of TKN. Thus, during wastewater treatment in a constructed wetland system,microorganism and urease activities in the root zones were very important factors.

Transition of super-hydrophobic states of droplet on rough surface

Twelve samples with periodic array square pillars microstructure were prepared on the silicon wafer by plasma etching techniques, on which space b of the square pillars increased from 5 to 60 μm. In order to study the effect ofb on the wettability of the rough surface, the effects of apparent contact angle （CA） and sliding angle （a） of the droplet on the rough surface were measured with the contact angle meter. The results show that the experimental values of CA well agree with the classical wetting theory and a decreases with the increase of b. Two drop shapes exist on the samples＇ surface, corresponding to the Cassie state and the Wenzel state respectively. The contact state in which a drop would settle depends typically on the size of b. On the role of gravitation, the irreversible transition of a drop from Cassie state to Wenzel state should occur at a certain space of the square pillars. Since the transition has implications on the application of super-hydrophobic rough surfaces, theoretically, the prediction of wetting state transition on square pillar array micro-structured surfaces provides an intuitionistic guidance for the design of steady superhydrophobic surfaces.

Displacement behavior and mechanism of long-term water flooding in sandstone oil reservoirs

Sandstone oil reservoirs with huge bottom water and high permeability are generally developed with high flow rate.After long-term water flooding(LTWF),the water flooding characteristics are quite different from that of original reservoir.In this paper,the effects of the PV number,viscosity,and displacement rate during LTWF are studied through experiments.The mechanism is analyzed based on analysis of changes in oil composition,rock mineral composition and wettability.The oil-water relative permeability curves,oil recovery and wettability were obtained with new experiments methods,which avoids the oil metering error by measuring oil and water separately.The research indicates that when the viscosity increases,the water phase permeability decreases,the residual oil saturation increases,and the water content rate increases earlier.A higher water flooding rate results in a higher ultimate recovery.A higher asphaltene content results in a higher viscosity and more oil-wet reservoir conditions.After LTWF,the wettability tends to water-wet,which is more favorable for heavy oil recovery.Moreover,LTWF reduces the clay content,which creates a more water-wet surface and a larger reservoir pore throat environment.This research provides insightful characteristics of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs,which can be used to enhance oil recovery.

Seasonal waterbird population changes in Lashihai Lake in northwest Yunnan, China

We studied the waterbird population at Lashihai Lake, Yunnan Province, China, which is a Ramsar Site(Wetland of International Importance), to determine seasonal variation in the species composition and size of the waterbird population. The study was conducted at five selected spots along Lashihai Lake at the same time each week from August 2011 to September 2013. In total, 62 waterbird species were recorded, of which 38.71%, 35.48%, 16.13%, and 9.68% were winter migrants, passage visitors, residents, and summer migrants, respectively. We found important seasonal changes in waterbird species composition and population size. Waterbird species richness was highest from September to the following April, with the total species numbers peaking in December. Total individual numbers peaked twice from late November to early December and mid-to-late February. However, waterbird species and individual numbers were comparatively lower from May to August. The change in species composition was determined by the arrival and departure dynamics of winter migrants and passage visitors. Winter migrants primarily caused the periodic changes in population size. Of concern,species and overall waterbird numbers seemed to be lower than the numbers in historical records. The decline of waterbird numbers implies that environmental changes caused by the implementation of the dam upstream of Lashihai Lake may have had adverse effects on this waterbird population. This study confirms the existence of major seasonal changes in species composition and size of the waterbird population at Lashihai Lake. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that this wetland is of high conservation importance for waterbirds using the Central Asian–Indian and Asian–Pacific migratory routes.

Study on conglutination model for fine moist material during screening

All coal preparation in which fine coal is handled depends to some extent on the wettability of coal surface by water. The content of external water in fine moist material plays significant role on screening. This article probed into the causations why fine moist materials adhere to the screen deck on common vibrator in the process of screening. Although the wetting that results from interactions between the coal surface and water molecules that are determined by the composition of coal matrix (interrelated with coal rank) and heterogeneous constituents such as oxygen function groups, mineral impurities and pores have something to do with adhering, we found that the effect of wettability is not the key causation to agglomeration, in other words, water bridges among particles are the key causation to the fine moist materials’ adhesion. This paper also shows how the capillary adhesive forces forms and how to calculate and measure these forces.

Study of Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Coatings on Various Substrates

The role of roughness and composition on the wetting characteristics of a series of carbon nanofiber based coatings were studied in order to evaluate its superhydrophobic properties. In this study, idealized surfaces were created from a smooth stainless steel and aluminium sheets and two other stainless steel sheets with different textured surfaces. All surfaces were coated with carbon nanofiber alcohol solutions in order to generate coatings of variable compositions using mixtures of isopropanol, water and a commercial carbon nanofibre. The optimum concentration of carbon nanofiber in coatings was obtained to produce superhydrophobic surfaces. A general trend of increasing hydrophobicity was observed for coated surfaces as compared to the bare substrate. Individual contact angles were dependent on the nature of the underlying substrate, relative surface pattern, and roughness. Overall wetting properties were dependent upon composition and micro scale roughness of the coatings.