水溶法采盐矿区地面塌陷机理分析

为了防范钻井水溶法开采盐矿诱发卤水溢出、地面塌陷等愈发严重的地质环境和公共安全问题,本文以安徽省定远县东兴盐矿为例,对采空区地面塌陷灾害机理进行了深入研究。根据岩盐矿体的埋藏条件和采空区地面塌陷的过程,结合帕斯卡定律讨论了盐矿采空区顶板岩层保持稳定的前提,是必须保持采空区密闭为基本条件;通过尖点突变模型给出的顶板岩层大变形失稳突变条件,是采空区的封闭性遭受破坏、卤水外溢导致顶板岩层失去支撑;根据Пpoтoдьякooв塌落拱理论等方法估算了采空区顶板岩层失稳对地面的影响程度,提出了对开采盐矿诱发地面塌陷灾害的防范措施,对其它地区同类矿山安全开采具有重要的指导意义。

水溶法开采吴城天然碱矿的模拟试验

吴城天然碱矿水溶开采模拟试验证明,采用双井对流采矿,孔道位置是影响总碱采出率的主要因素.孔道在碱层下部时。总碱采出率最高.若在碱层中、上部形成水的通道,或天然碱层之上覆盖盐岩层时.采用注气控制顶溶,以防顶扳过早坍塌.既可提高总碱采出率,又可达到盐碱分层采出,为采出液的分离加工提供方便.

关于建立我国盐穴平面制图体系的探讨

随着我国水溶法采盐的规模不断扩大,以及盐穴作为地下储库的技术和管理方法不断成熟,盐穴作为二次可利用资源带来的巨大经济效益逐渐被业界所重视。目前,我国无论从法律法规层面还是实际操作层面,都没有对盐矿区平面图应该包含何种图件,应该表达哪些要素作出明确的要求,即没有建立盐穴平面制图体系,这已难与盐穴综合利用相适应,也难与矿区的安全生产和管理相适应。文中结合德国盐穴综合利用的成熟经验和我国盐矿区的生产实际,对我国盐矿区盐穴平面制图体系进行初步探讨,提出思考建议。

Hazard development mechanism and deformation estimation of water solution mining area

Based on the hazard development mechanism, a water solution area is closely related to the supporting effect of pressure-bearing water, the relaxing and collapsing effect of orebody interlayer, the collapsing effect of thawless material in orebody, filling effect caused by cubical expansibility of hydrate crystallization and uplifting effect of hard rock layer over cranny belt. The movement and deformation of ground surface caused by underground water solution mining is believed to be much weaker than that caused by well lane mining, which can be predicted by the stochastic medium theory method. On the basis of analysis on the engineering practice of water solution mining, its corresponding parameters can be obtained from the in-site data of the belt water and sand filling mining in engineering analog approach.