吡喹酮非水溶液注射剂的研制——日本血吸虫病治疗试验

利用本课题组研制的吡喹酮非水溶液注射剂 ,分别进行了小鼠和牛的日本血吸虫病治疗试验。结果表明 ,感染日本血吸虫的小鼠按每千克体质量 2 0 mg和 30 mg的剂量肌肉注射吡喹酮的减雌率均达 10 0 % ,人工感染日本血吸虫的牛按每千克体质量 10 mg和 12 mg的剂量肌肉注射吡喹酮的减雌率均达 10 0 % ,每千克体质量 8m g的剂量的减雌率为 96 .4 1%。自然感染血吸虫病牛按每千克体质量 10 mg的剂量肌肉注射后 30 d,粪便转阴率达 90 .5 0 %。这一结果说明 。

复配表面活性剂水溶液处理甲苯气体的研究

以非离子表面活性剂吐温-20(Tween-20)为主表面活性剂,添加助表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)以及助剂氯化钠,形成复配水溶液吸收剂处理VOCs废气.以甲苯为VOCs的典型代表,研究了Tween-20,Tween-20/SDBS和Tween-20/SDBS/氯化钠3种水溶液吸收剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)及其对甲苯去除率的影响.结果表明,当表面活性剂浓度达到CMC时,水溶液对甲苯的吸收效果开始明显增强,加入助表面活性剂SDBS和助剂氯化钠有利于甲苯的去除,同时可降低溶液的CMC,减少表面活性剂的用量,降低水溶液吸收法处理VOCs成本.当空气流量G为300mL/min、液体喷淋量L为75mL/min、进口甲苯浓度800mg/m3、温度T为30℃时,分别以Tween-20、Tween-20/SDBS(摩尔比1/4)和Tween-20/SDBS/氯化钠(摩尔比1/4/0.1)的水溶液为吸收剂,且浓度均为1CMC时,甲苯去除率分别为56%、70%和77%,三元复配表面活性剂水溶液的吸收效果最佳.

边界层中CTAB表面活性剂减阻水溶液的湍流特性

为阐明表面活性剂水溶液的减阻作用,使用LDV对零压梯度的二维湍流平机边界层中的CTAB表面活性剂水溶液的湍流特性进行了实验研究.结果表明:与牛顿流体相比,CTAB水溶液边界层的黏性底层增厚;主流时均速度分布有被层流化的趋势,对数分布域上移;主流方向速度湍动强度峰值减小,且远离壁面,在靠近边界层中部,出现第2峰值;垂直于主流方向的速度湍动强度受到了大幅度抑制,雷诺应力沿着边界层厚度方向几乎为零.结果说明CTAB水溶液具有减弱湍流湍动各个成分相关度的作用,从而能够使雷诺应力降低、湍流能量生成项减小最终降低流体的输送动力.

表面活性剂减阻水溶液在紊流边界层中的流动结构

为揭示表面活性剂减阻水溶液在边界层中的减阻力学特性,使用二维激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和伴随盐水杨酸钠的减阻水溶液在零压梯度紊流平板边界层中的流动结构进行实验研究。结果发现,与水流相比,减阻水溶液的主流方向脉动强度峰值出现位置远离壁面,在靠近边界层中部,出现第二峰值,并处于非“剪切诱导状态(SIS)”;雷诺应力的象限构成中,上喷流(Ejection)和下扫流(Sweep)的贡献明显被抑制以致使雷诺应力沿整个边界层内部基本为零;在主流速度脉动能谱中,低频运动强度大于水流,而高频运动强度低于水流。结果说明表面活性剂减阻水溶液具有降低紊流脉动各个成分相关度、提高流动结构尺度的作用。

氯化铵水溶液浸提-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石灰性土壤中交换性钠的含量

交换性钠是评价土壤碱化度的重要指标之一,传统容量法、重量法和火焰光度计法测定交换性钠手续复杂繁琐,乙醇用量大且对低含量样品有效检出能力不足。本实验将样品采用70%乙醇溶液洗盐后,滤纸及过滤物置于250m L塑料瓶中,加入100m L p H为8.5的氯化铵水溶液,置于摇床以170r·min^(-1)振荡45min后,过滤至已加入5m L浓度为50%盐酸的250m L塑料容量瓶中,用氯化铵水溶液淋洗至刻度,选择589.592nm作为分析谱线,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石灰性土壤中交换性钠的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,钠的校准曲线在10μg·m L^(-1)以内与对应响应强度呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限(3s)为0.0048 cmol·kg^(-1),定量限为0.0192 cmol·kg^(-1)。经国家标准物质验证,测定值与认定值基本相符,相对误差绝对值(∣RE∣,n=7)均不大于8.72%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)均不大于0.6%。交换性钠含量较高试样的加标回收率为97.9%。方法用于农田盐渍化治理工程石灰性土壤样品,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)均不大于1.5%,与NY/T 1615-2008进行方法间比对,测定结果吻合。本方法样品处理程序简便快捷,乙醇用量大幅降低,检出能力有效提高,分析准确度和精密度好,适用于批量样品分析。

高压CO_2对离子型表面活性剂水溶液与风城超稠原油界面张力的影响

采用轴对称悬滴形状分析技术,测量了30℃与50℃下,CO_2压力在0.1~10.0 MPa范围内,离子型表面活性剂水溶液/CO_2/风城超稠原油体系中油水两相的界面张力。实验结果表明,表面活性剂水溶液和原油的平衡界面张力随着CO_2压力的增大而增大,高压CO_2的存在能有效降低十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)水溶液/原油体系与纯水/原油体系中油水两相的界面张力;而在十烷基三甲基溴化铵水溶液/原油体系和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC)水溶液/原油体系中,高压CO_2的存在则会使得油水两相界面张力增大。溶解在SDS水溶液中的CO_2能够协助SDS乳化原油,而溶解在DTAC水溶液中的CO_2则不利于DTAC乳化原油。

不同剂型重组人表皮生长因子对烧伤创面促愈合作用比较

目的：比较重组人表皮生长因子（ｒｈＥＧＦ）凝胶剂和水溶液剂治疗烧伤创面的临床疗效。方法：选择烧伤浅Ⅱ°、深Ⅱ°和新鲜供皮区创面为受试对象，将创面分成Ａ、Ｂ两区，采用随机自身对照试验。试验组用重组人表皮生长因子凝胶治疗，对照组用重组人表皮生长因子水溶液治疗，每日换药一次，观察不同时间内创面动态愈合率及愈合时间。结果：重组人表皮生长因子凝胶治疗的烧伤浅Ⅱ°、深Ⅱ°和新鲜供皮区创面其愈合时间较重组人表皮生长因子水溶液组有明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．０１）；动态愈合率也明显加快，组间具有非常显著性差异。结论：重组人表皮生长因子凝胶剂用干烧烫伤、新鲜供皮区创面的治疗均有较好的促进修复作用，临床效果优于重组人表皮生长因子水溶液剂组，提示重组人表皮生长因子的剂型是影响临床效果的重要因素，重组人表皮生长因子的药理作用因剂型的不同而存在差异。

微通道内表面活性剂水溶液饱和流动沸腾换热特性的数值模拟

针对微尺度下表面活性剂水溶液的饱和流动沸腾换热,应用VOF模型和用户自定义函数,分别对竖直矩形微通道内水溶液、纯水的饱和流动沸腾过程进行数值模拟。对比水溶液与纯水的饱和沸腾换热效果与换热可靠性的差异,分析浓度对水溶液换热的影响。结果表明:Tin=368K,v=0.5m/s,qw=200kW/m^2工况下,沿流动方向,饱和沸腾阶段表面活性剂水溶液加热壁面的Nu数均值高于纯水;t=60ms时,邻近通道出口的区域内,水溶液、纯水对应的加热壁面均出现局部过热现象,但水溶液对应的最高过热温度低于纯水,且过热面积较小;0.256~0.769mol/L浓度范围内,增大水溶液浓度,流动沸腾换热效果增强,0.513mol/L的水溶液换热可靠。

OLYMPUS-AU系列全自动生化分析仪清洗剂的临床应用

临床上对血液中的生物化学成份分析是指对血液中的蛋白、脂类、代谢产物,如酶、胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐等的常规分析,传统的临床化学分析是靠手工完成,操作过程比较繁杂,影响因素多。

降尘剂的使用浅探

文章论述了降尘剂的降尘机理,分析了降尘工艺在我国煤矿的应用现状。降尘剂在汾西矿业集团应用效果表明:该技术选择合理的配比及安装使用方法得当,具有显著的降尘效果。

添加表面活性剂注水防尘试验研究

恒泰煤业公司三软不稳定煤层采煤工作面粉尘大,治理效果不好。采取在水溶液中加入表面活性剂进行煤层注水的方法治理粉尘,对煤层注水后的湿润效果进行了比较分析,并计算生产过程中的降尘率。结果表明,加入表面活性剂后,降尘率大大提高,对保证煤矿安全生产,保护职工身体健康起到较好作用。

一种马氏体不锈钢点蚀侵蚀剂

HF+HNO3水溶液对马氏体不锈钢点蚀敏感,侵蚀后的点蚀呈黑斑形状,因此可用于马氏体不锈钢冶炼质量检查。由经验和大量的统计表明,精炼钢的抗点蚀能力明显大于普通炼钢,因此该侵蚀剂在一定程度上可用于评价马氏体钢的冶金质量。

日本氟系表面活性剂发展近况

氟系表面活性剂主要用于一般表面活性剂效果不明显或不能发挥作用的领域,其特点是添加少量即可呈现出明显的表面活性,此种独有的性质已在各领域得到广泛应用,并引起世人注目。

Solvatochromic Parameters and Preferential Solvation Behavior for Binary Mixtures of 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Water

Binary mixtures of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium based ionic liquids （ILs） and water were selected as solvent systems to investigate the solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions on the preferential solvation of solvatochromic indicators at 25 ℃. Empirical solvatochromic pa- rameters, dipolarity/polarizability （π^＊）, hydrogen-bond donor acidity （α）, hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity （β）, and Reichardt＇s polarity parameters （ET^N） were measured from the ultraviolet-visible spectral shifts of 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitroanisole, and Reichardt＇s dye. The solvent properties of the IL-water mixtures were found to be influenced by IL type and IL mole fraction （XIL）. All these studied systems showed the non-ideal behavior. The max- imum deviation to ideality for the solvatochromic parameters can be obtained in the XIL range from 0.i to 0.3. For most of the binary mixtures, the π^＊ values showed the synergistic effects instead of the ETN, α and β values. The observed synergy extent was dependent on the studied systems, such as the dye indicator and IL type. A preferential solvation model was utilized to gather information on the molecular interactions in the mixtures. The dye indicator was preferentially solvated on the following trend： IL〉IL-water complex〉water.

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by industrial fungus Rhizopus cohnii

An important filamentous industrial fungus,Rhizopus cohnii(R.cohnii),was used as an efficient biosorbent for removing cadmium from wastewater.The sorption conditions,such as pH,the dose of biomass and the initial concentration of cadmium were examined.Two kinds of adsorption models were applied to simulate the biosorption data.The uptake of cadmium was higher in weak acid condition than in strong acid condition.Nearly no sorption of cadmium occurred when the pH value was lower than 2.0. Biosorption isothermal data could be well simulated by both Langmuir and Freundlich models.Langmuir simulation of the biosorption showed that the maximum uptake of cadmium was 40.5 mg/g(0.36 mmol/g)in the optimal conditions,which was higher than many other adsorbents,including biosorbents and activated carbon.In addition,the reusability results showed that after five times of sorption and desorption process,the sorption capacity of R.cohnii could still maintain nearly 80%,confirming its practical application in cadmium treatment.Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that carboxyl,amino and hydroxyl groups on biosorbent R.cohnii surface were responsible for the biosorption of cadmium.

Coupled effect of viscosity enhancing admixtures and superplasticizers on rheological behavior of cement paste

The coupled effect of viscosity enhancing admixtures(VEA)and superplasticizer(SP)on the rheological behavior of cement paste was investigated in this work.Two types of VEAs,including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)and Welan gum,and two types of SPs,i.e.polycarboxylate(PCA)and polynaphthalenesulfonate(PNS)were used as admixtures for cement paste.Rheological curves of cement paste and simulated pore solution containing VEA and SP were tested.Simulated pore solution test results show that molecules of different SPs may generate different effects on the viscosity of VEA solutions.Hershel-Bulkley(H-B)model was used to fit rheological curve of cement paste.Strong interaction between PNS and HPMC was observed in this work.

Adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide from aqueous solution on a low-cost adsorbent:thermally activated pinecone

Thermally activated pinecone(TAP) was used for the adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS)from aqueous solutions,which was proved to be the main odorous in algae-caused black bloom.The effects of adsorbent dosage,adsorbate concentration and contact time on DMTS biosorption were studied.The TAP produced at 600℃ exhibited a relatively high surface area(519.69 m^2/g) and excellent adsorption capacity.The results show that the adsorption of DMTS was initially fast and that the equilibrium time was6 h.Higher initial DMTS concentrations led to lower removal percentages but higher adsorption capacity.The removal percentage of DMTS increased and the adsorption capacity of TAP decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage.The adsorption process conforms well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model.The adsorption of DMTS is more appropriately described by the Freundlich isotherm(R^2=0.996 1) than by the Langmuir isotherm(R^2=0.916 9).The results demonstrate that TAP could be an attractive low-cost adsorbent for removing DMTS from water.

Distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during liquefaction process of sewage sludge in ethanol-water mixed solvents

Liquefaction of sewage sludge(SS)in ethanol-water cosolvents is a promising process for the preparation of bio-oil/biochar products.Effect of the combined use of ethanol and water on the distribution/transformation behaviors of heavy metals(HMs)contained in raw SS is a key issue on the safety and cleanness of above liquefaction process,which is explored in this study.The results show that pure ethanol facilitates the migration of HMs into biochar products.Pure water yields lower percentages of HMs in mobile/bioavailable speciation.Compared with sole solvent treatment,ethanol-water cosolvent causes a random/average effect on the distribution/transformation behaviors of HMs.After liquefaction of SS in pure water,the contamination degree of HMs is mitigated from high level(25.8(contamination factor))in raw SS to considerable grade(13.4)in biochar and the ecological risk is mitigated from moderate risk(164.5(risk index))to low risk(78.8).Liquefaction of SS in pure ethanol makes no difference to the pollution characteristics of HMs.The combined use of ethanol and water presents similar immobilization effects on HMs to pure water treatment.The contamination factor and risk index of HMs in biochars obtained in ethanol-water cosolvent treatment are 13.1-14.6(considerable grade)and 79.3-101.0(low risk),respectively.In order to further control the pollution of HMs,it is preferentially suggested to improve the liquefaction process of SS in ethanol-water mixed solvents by introducing conventional lignocellulosic/algal biomass,also known as co-liquefaction treatment.

New pretreatment method for high-tension electrical separation of zircon from quartz

Electrostatic separation is one of the mineral processing methods based on mineral conductivity.This method has some significant problems such as being sensitive to humidity,high middling product,and impurity of non-conductive minerals.In this study,a new pretreatment method was proposed for the separation of zircon from quartz before electrostatic separation to solve these disadvantages.In this regard,two stages of pretreatment were applied which involved using collector of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)for adjusting wettability of the zircon surface and spraying electrolyte aqueous solution to increase conductivity of the quartz surface.The effects of important parameters including pH,collector concentration,conditioning time,and concentration and type of electrolyte on the process efficiency were evaluated.The results showed that the optimal conditions of high-tension electrical separation were pH of 4,SDS concentration of 1×10-4 mol/L,conditioning time of 4 min and NaCl as an electrolyte with concentration of 4.27 mol/L.Separation efficiency of 95.12% was achieved in optimum conditions.This pretreatment method can be successfully used before high-tension electrical separation to separate the conductive or non-conductive minerals with various compositions.

Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Tannic Acid in Aqueous Solution on Polyaniline Adsorbent

Tannic acid is generally considered as one of polyphenolic pollutants, which may cause severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyaniline adsorbent was synthesized by chemical oxidation to remove tannic acid in aqueous solutions. The adsorption amount of tannic acid varied greatly with pH of solution and strong adsorption was at pH 5.8-6.7. Coexisting cations, such as Na＋, K＋, and Ca2＋, can enhance the adsorption of tannic acid on poly- aniline, which may be contributed to the electrostatic interaction between tannic acid and polyaniline. The adsorp- tion process could be well described by Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 117.65 rag.g〈 at 35℃and pH 6.0. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption isotherms indicate that the ad- sorption of tannic acid is spontaneous and endothermic process. The polyaniline saturated with tannic acid can be desorbed in alkaline solution and regenerated adsorbent can be used repeatedly with high adsorption capacity, which implies that polyaniline adsorbents have a great potential in water purification for the removal of tannic acid.