Background:Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)reared for milk and meat,especially in Northern India.There are so many studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cow(Bos indicus)urine but buf...Background:Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)reared for milk and meat,especially in Northern India.There are so many studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cow(Bos indicus)urine but buffalo urine has rarely been studied.This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in whole buffalo urine and its distillate.Methods:Urine specimens were collected from seven Murrah buffalo heifers in the morning over three days from all seven heifers and distillated to prepare urine distillate(UD).The antimicrobial activity was determined through 96 well microplate method diluting(1:1)urine and UD in Mueller Hinton liquid medium against 919 microbial strains belonging to 148 species of 49 genera(Candia,11 genera of Gram+ve bacteria,37 genera of Gram-ve bacteria).The test strains were taken from the repository,revived and tested for purity before testing.The test strains were of clinical origin(372),environmental origin(496)and also from reference strain repositories(51).Results:Of the 919 test strains,a total of 57.89%and 56.04%of the tested strains were susceptible to UD and urine,respectively.There was a no significant(p>0.4)difference in the antimicrobial activity of UD and urine against 919 strains of microbes,regardless of their genus,species,and Gram staining reaction.Similarly,there was no significant(p>0.4)difference between the susceptibility of bacterial and Candida strains to UD or urine.However,strains of clinical origin were more often resistant to buffalo UD and urine(p<0.01)than strains isolated from environmental sources irrespective of their Gram staining characteristics(p>0.05).A significantly(p<0.01)higher proportion of reference strains was susceptible to UD and urine than microbial strains of clinical and environmental origin.For buffalo urine and UD,the most susceptible strains were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(13/13)followed by Citrobacter freundii(8/10);Salmonella enterica ssp.enterica(21/27),Geobacillus stearothermophilus(23/30),Staphylococcus aureus(13/17),and Paenibacillus larvae(7/10)strains.The most resistant strains belonged to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(15/20)species followed by strains of Paenibacillus alvei(11/16),Edwardsiella tarda(20/30),Bacillus megaterium(7/11)and Escherichia coli(59/110)species.There was insignificant(p,>0.05)difference in susceptibility of strains of different species of the same genus;however,among all the Bacillus species strains of B.coagulans were the most susceptible(66.7%)and strains of B.megaterium were the least susceptible(36.4%),similarly Enterococcus faecium strains were more susceptible(68.2%)than strains of Enterococcus faecalis(38.9%),70%strains of P.larvae were susceptible to urine and UD but only 31.3%of strains of P.alvei were susceptible.Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Raoultella terrigena,earlier belonging to the same genus Klebsiella,had comparable susceptibility to buffalo urine and UD.Conclusion:The study concluded that buffalo urine may be a potential antimicrobial and may be explored further for identification of active antimicrobial compounds in buffalo urine.展开更多
在研究中国水牛鼻唇腺显微与亚微结构的基础上,对水牛鼻唇腺的组织化学(核酸、多糖、糖蛋白、脂类,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶等)进行测定。显微镜观察表明,鼻唇腺腺泡细胞胞质与导管管腔内的分泌物均含较多的 PAS 阳性颗粒。用不同 pH 的 ...在研究中国水牛鼻唇腺显微与亚微结构的基础上,对水牛鼻唇腺的组织化学(核酸、多糖、糖蛋白、脂类,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶等)进行测定。显微镜观察表明,鼻唇腺腺泡细胞胞质与导管管腔内的分泌物均含较多的 PAS 阳性颗粒。用不同 pH 的 AB 染色加以鉴别,证实这些 PAS阳性颗粒属于涎粘液,是分泌物的重要成分。鼻唇腺是一种由纯浆液性腺泡构成的唾液腺,其分泌物通过导符系统运送到鼻唇镜表面,水牛不断用舌舔其表面,从而咽入腺体分泌物。展开更多
为提高上海水牛的育种效率和遗传种质资源丰富度,采用基因测序分型(genotyping by sequencing,GBS)技术对80头上海水牛进行基因组测序,质控后获得高质量的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),进行群体亲缘关系以及近...为提高上海水牛的育种效率和遗传种质资源丰富度,采用基因测序分型(genotyping by sequencing,GBS)技术对80头上海水牛进行基因组测序,质控后获得高质量的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),进行群体亲缘关系以及近交系数分析。结果显示:从80头上海水牛的24条常染色体和1条性染色体上共检出的99963个高质量SNP位点、874个连续纯合片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH);80头上海水牛分为2个大支(家系),A1和A2属于第一大支(家系A),包含9头公水牛、18头母水牛;B1、B2和B3属于第二大支(家系B),包含16头公水牛、37头母水牛。基于ROH测算近交系数的结果显示:25头公水牛和55头母水牛的平均近交系数分别为0.0145和0.0114。本研究构建了上海水牛家系,揭示了上海水牛的近交状态,为上海水牛繁育工作提供了科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by grants received from CAAST-ACLH(No.NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).Peer revie。
文摘Background:Murrah buffalo is a breed of water buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)reared for milk and meat,especially in Northern India.There are so many studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cow(Bos indicus)urine but buffalo urine has rarely been studied.This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in whole buffalo urine and its distillate.Methods:Urine specimens were collected from seven Murrah buffalo heifers in the morning over three days from all seven heifers and distillated to prepare urine distillate(UD).The antimicrobial activity was determined through 96 well microplate method diluting(1:1)urine and UD in Mueller Hinton liquid medium against 919 microbial strains belonging to 148 species of 49 genera(Candia,11 genera of Gram+ve bacteria,37 genera of Gram-ve bacteria).The test strains were taken from the repository,revived and tested for purity before testing.The test strains were of clinical origin(372),environmental origin(496)and also from reference strain repositories(51).Results:Of the 919 test strains,a total of 57.89%and 56.04%of the tested strains were susceptible to UD and urine,respectively.There was a no significant(p>0.4)difference in the antimicrobial activity of UD and urine against 919 strains of microbes,regardless of their genus,species,and Gram staining reaction.Similarly,there was no significant(p>0.4)difference between the susceptibility of bacterial and Candida strains to UD or urine.However,strains of clinical origin were more often resistant to buffalo UD and urine(p<0.01)than strains isolated from environmental sources irrespective of their Gram staining characteristics(p>0.05).A significantly(p<0.01)higher proportion of reference strains was susceptible to UD and urine than microbial strains of clinical and environmental origin.For buffalo urine and UD,the most susceptible strains were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(13/13)followed by Citrobacter freundii(8/10);Salmonella enterica ssp.enterica(21/27),Geobacillus stearothermophilus(23/30),Staphylococcus aureus(13/17),and Paenibacillus larvae(7/10)strains.The most resistant strains belonged to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(15/20)species followed by strains of Paenibacillus alvei(11/16),Edwardsiella tarda(20/30),Bacillus megaterium(7/11)and Escherichia coli(59/110)species.There was insignificant(p,>0.05)difference in susceptibility of strains of different species of the same genus;however,among all the Bacillus species strains of B.coagulans were the most susceptible(66.7%)and strains of B.megaterium were the least susceptible(36.4%),similarly Enterococcus faecium strains were more susceptible(68.2%)than strains of Enterococcus faecalis(38.9%),70%strains of P.larvae were susceptible to urine and UD but only 31.3%of strains of P.alvei were susceptible.Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Raoultella terrigena,earlier belonging to the same genus Klebsiella,had comparable susceptibility to buffalo urine and UD.Conclusion:The study concluded that buffalo urine may be a potential antimicrobial and may be explored further for identification of active antimicrobial compounds in buffalo urine.
文摘在研究中国水牛鼻唇腺显微与亚微结构的基础上,对水牛鼻唇腺的组织化学(核酸、多糖、糖蛋白、脂类,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶等)进行测定。显微镜观察表明,鼻唇腺腺泡细胞胞质与导管管腔内的分泌物均含较多的 PAS 阳性颗粒。用不同 pH 的 AB 染色加以鉴别,证实这些 PAS阳性颗粒属于涎粘液,是分泌物的重要成分。鼻唇腺是一种由纯浆液性腺泡构成的唾液腺,其分泌物通过导符系统运送到鼻唇镜表面,水牛不断用舌舔其表面,从而咽入腺体分泌物。
文摘为提高上海水牛的育种效率和遗传种质资源丰富度,采用基因测序分型(genotyping by sequencing,GBS)技术对80头上海水牛进行基因组测序,质控后获得高质量的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),进行群体亲缘关系以及近交系数分析。结果显示:从80头上海水牛的24条常染色体和1条性染色体上共检出的99963个高质量SNP位点、874个连续纯合片段(runs of homozygosity,ROH);80头上海水牛分为2个大支(家系),A1和A2属于第一大支(家系A),包含9头公水牛、18头母水牛;B1、B2和B3属于第二大支(家系B),包含16头公水牛、37头母水牛。基于ROH测算近交系数的结果显示:25头公水牛和55头母水牛的平均近交系数分别为0.0145和0.0114。本研究构建了上海水牛家系,揭示了上海水牛的近交状态,为上海水牛繁育工作提供了科学依据。
