水工程环境地质变化对地下水污染的影响及治理方法研究

深入了解并研究水工程环境地质对水质污染的影响及其有效治理方法至关重要。本文首先概述了我国水工程环境地质的基本情况,进而深入剖析了地质因素导致的水质污染问题。研究发现,地质条件对水质状况具有显著影响,尤其在地质结构复杂或环境恶劣的地区,地下水污染问题尤为突出,严重影响了地下水的利用和生态环境保护。为了应对这一挑战,本文探索并应用了地下水污染模型和拖曳排污等治理方法,对水质污染进行了综合治理。研究结果表明,这些方法有效降低了污染物浓度,显著改善了水质状况。本文的研究成果为制定和实施更符合我国国情的水质污染治理措施提供了重要依据和参考,对于保护水资源、维护生态平衡具有重要意义。

基于生态文明建设的水工环地质发展探索

水工环地质在近些年中获得显著发展,逐渐成为各个地区中实际改革的一项重要内容,实现地质资源的开发以及利用,从而实现地质资源的优化配置。为全面顺应生态文明建设进程,在水利工程、环保、地质等方面的发展需要实施全过程质量控制机制,优化传统资源的同时适应客观需要与和谐经济与环境效益协调发展模式更好满足可持续发展战略部署促进分析了水环境发展的目标,探讨了当前的发展问题和优化方法。

基于岩溶地区的水环境治理地质勘察研究

近年来,随着工业化、城镇化的快速推进和全球气候变化影响的加剧,水灾害频发、水生态失衡、水环境污染等问题越发显著,已经成为社会经济发展期间亟待解决的重要问题。同时,部分重大工程岩土勘察需要明确岩溶水文地质条件相关要素,因此为保证用水与工程建设需求能得到满足,应结合岩溶地区的实际情况,做好水环境治理地质勘察工作。鉴于此,本文围绕岩溶地区水环境治理地质勘察开展,通过结合具体工程项目,在明确水环境治理地质勘察目的与要求的基础上,采取科学的方式方法进行勘察,以保证能获取项目所在地真实的水文地质信息,为后续工程建设提供可靠依据。

长治盆地浅层地下水动态研究

在分析长治盆地区水文气象、水文地质条件、地下水开发利用现状的基础上,研究长治盆地浅层地下水动态特征及变化趋势,探讨地下水位下降原因及其引发的水环境问题,并提出相应对策,为长治盆地浅层地下水资源合理开发利用提供依据。

我国地质调查新发现一批矿产资源

今年上半年，通过开展地质调查，我国新发现了一批矿产资源。

Fluorine Content in Soil and Groundwater of Songnen Plain in Northeast China

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the fluorosis content in the groundwater of Songnen Plain and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in Songnen Plain. [Method] The relationship of drinking water type endemic fluorosis with the fluoride content in the soil and groundwater of Songnen Plain was analyzed. [Result] The endemic disease in this region is concentrated in the Song-Liao Plain and Hulunbuir Plateau on both sides of the Daxinganling Mountain. Severe and medium disease areas are distributed mainly in alluviallacustrine plains with dense depressions of lakes and marshes. The strata are commonly fine-grained loess and mucky soil. The groundwater is dominated by HCO3-Ca·Na and HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca types, with fluorine content of 1.80-16.00 mg/L, generally 4-6 mg/L. Light disease and non-disease areas are distributed in the alluvial-lacustrine plains with less or without depressions of lakes and marshes. The strata are mainly coarse-grained silty soil and sandy soil. The chemical types of ground water are Cl-Ca·Na and HCO 3 Cl-Na·Ca. The content of fluorine in ground water is commonly lower than 2 mg/L. [Conclusion] High fluorine groundwater formation is closely related to the geological environment.

广州康王路下穿上下九路隧道基坑施工优化

通过对广州市镇安路扩建康王路下穿上下九路隧道工程地质结构分析 ,在设计提出排桩内支撑方案与桩锚支护方案的基础上 ,通过计算分析发现锚杆长度过长不仅会增加破坏地下管线的风险性而且会产生地下施工垃圾 ,引发环境岩土工程问题 ,排除桩锚施工方案。此外 ,由于基坑毗邻周边老建筑 ,基坑的渗漏水会导致地表沉降危及到建筑物安全 ,所以对基坑采用止水帷幕防水 ,确保基坑与毗邻建筑物的安全。

Anthropogenic Impact on Surface Water Quality in Taihu Lake Region,China

Taihu Lake region is one of the most industrialized areas in China, and the surface water is progressively susceptible to anthropogenic pollution. The physicochemical parameters of surface water quality were determined at 20 sampling sites in Taihu Lake region, China in spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons of 2005-2006 to assess the effect of human activities on the surface water quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify characteristics of the water quality in the studied water bodies. PCA extracted the first three principal components (PCs), explaining 80.84% of the total variance of the raw data. Especially, PC1 (38.91%) was associated with NH 4 -N, total N, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total P. PC2 (22.70%) was characterized by NO 3 -N and temperature. PC3 (19.23%) was mainly associated with pH and dissolved organic carbon. CA showed that streams were influenced by urban residential subsistence and livestock farming contributed significantly to PC1 throughout the year. The streams influenced by farmland runoff contributed most to PC2 in spring and winter compared with other streams. PC3 was affected mainly by aquiculture in spring, rural residential subsistence in summer, and livestock farming in fall and winter seasons. Further analyses showed that farmlands contributed significantly to nitrogen pollution of Taihu Lake, while urban residential subsistence and livestock farming also polluted water quality of Taihu Lake in rainy season. The results would be helpful for the authorities to take sound actions for an effective management of water quality in Taihu Lake region.

Spatial distribution and environmental characterization of sediment-associated metals from middle-downstream of Xiangjiang River,southern China

The contamination and environmental risk assessment of the toxic elements in sediments from the middle-downstream (Zhuzhou-Changsha section) of the Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province of China were studied. The results show that As, Cd, Pb and Zn are major contaminants in sediments, and average concentrations of these elements significantly exceed both the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge of China (GB4284-84) for agricultural use in acidic soils and the effect range median (ERM) values. The average concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in the river water slightly exceed the limit of Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The concentrations of As and Cr in depth profiles extensively change, but slight changes are observed in Pb and Zn. Cd and Zn in most sediment samples can easily enter the food-chain and bring possible ecotoxicological risk to organisms living in sediments according to the risk assessment code.

Geological Environment Problems Caused by Controlling Groundwater Exploitation in Jiangyin City

Geological environment effects caused by the control of groundwater exploitation in Jiangyin city are discussed thoroughly, including the dynamic variation of groundwater levels and quality and the development of land sub-sidence and ground fissures. According to the dynamic characteristics of groundwater levels, some advice about groundwater exploitation is offered. Our research will provide a basis for using groundwater resources and the preven- tion of geological disasters in Jiangyin city and the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area. The following results are deduced from our research. First, groundwater levels vary with the exploitation of groundwater in Jiangyin city and are affected by hydrogeological conditions. The groundwater levels remained rather stable before and after the implementation of control of groundwater exploitation in the northwest of Jiangyin city along the Yangtze River. A suitable level of exploitation should be allowed. In the southeast, the speed of recovery of the groundwater level has been rather rapid after the control of exploitation. We conclude that groundwater might be exploited locally after the groundwater level has recovered. In the southwest, the speed of recovery of the groundwater level is rather slow and exploitation of ground-water should be prohibited. Second, groundwater quality is stable in Jiangyin city and the contents of the main chemical indices of groundwater varied only slightly before and after the control of exploitation. Third, after controlling the exploitation, the speed of land subsidence has clearly slowed down and the development of ground fissures has been controlled effectively.

A review of soil and water conservation in China

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources isone of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all thesocial improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecologicalenvironmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safetyinsurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and waterloss has been recognized as 'the No.1 killer' to the ecological environment. The nation is on thestags of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland areawith complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and waterloss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the datacollected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims toreview the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soiland water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies forsoil and water conservation in China.

Evaluation and Trend Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Zhengzhou in 1998-2008

Water pollution is one of the major environmental prob- lems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central China has become a serious problem for its development. In this study, the surface water quality was evalu- ated using Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index （NCPI）, and the change trend was calculated using methods of Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, based on the monitoring data from 1998 to 2008. The results show that the NCP1 ranged from 3 to 50 in 70% of the monitoring cases, implying that most rivers were seriously polluted. However, this serious polltuon is expected to be gradually improved, as the concentration of water pollutants and NCPI declined significantly in most rivers. Water pollution in reservoirs was much lower than rivers, and the NCPI in the three monitored reservoirs was lower than 3 in most years, and shows a downward trend. Although the surface water quality was gradually improved, great efforts are still needed to enhance the protection and improvement of surface water environment.

Influencing factors of infrared surveying in roadway

The main factors that affect infrared surveying in roadway include that property of rock, electromechanical equipments running, environmental temperature, hydrogeology and support material etc. This paper sums up the expression features of these disturbing factor through theoretical analysis and actual measurement contrasts and considers that some tunnel section does not suit to go on infrared survey, for instance, soft rock meets water to expanse, and surround rock has obviously pouring water. The basic methods had made evading disturbing of electromechanical equipments, environmental temperature and protect material etc to become possible. It is helpful that offers infrared surveying technical service for production safety better in roadway.

Using GIS to Improve Monitoring of Water Quality in EI-Assi River

Lebanon, the water tower, occupies 15 permanent watercourses, i.e., rivers, locally the so-called ＂Naher＂. Likewise most of the Lebanese rivers, EI-Assi River or the Orontes River is witnessing indicatives of pollution. While it represents a vital vein in north of the Bekaa valley, a spectrum of pollutant sources is known to increase this geo-environmental problem. Hence, this study aims to give first-hand information on the parameters involved in the pollution problem, as a concept figure for further deal. Certainly, its objective is to end up with thematic maps pointing out to suitable localities for monitoring activities on the river tributaries.

Environmental Issues and Management for Hydropower Peaking Operations

Many hydropower plants are operated as peak generators or frequency controllers, because they can change their output quickly to follow the fluctuating power demand. When meeting peak load requirements, a power station is turned on at a particular time during the day, generates power at a constant load for a certain number of hours, and is then turned off or set to a different load for another time period, resulting in a high variability inflow discharges. Where reservoir hydro schemes are operated primarily to provide peak load services, there are particular environmental risks that should be considered in any environmental impact assessment. At a minimum these should focus on water quality, fluvial geomorphology, riparian vegetation, macro-invertebrate and fish communities underpinned by a sound hydrological analysis. Frequent temperature changes may occur downstream of a peaking power station; increased seepage-induced erosion of riverbanks due to frequent water level drawdowns; and impacts to macro-invertebrate and fish communities due to rapid and frequent in channel habitat conditions. With a sound understanding of the potential environmental issues, there are strategies that can be employed at the siting and design stage to minimize or mitigate these risks, including but not limited to minimum environmental flows, ramping rules, utilization of a re-regulation storage and localized treatment works.

Changing Wetland Environment Based on Water and Soil Quality Analysis of Selected Wetlands, Assam, India

Wetland environment of Assam is fast changing due to encroachments, dumping of solid and liquid wastes, excessive use of wetland water, over exploitation of wetland resources, overgrazing, over fishing, hunting, poaching, unscientific construction of engineering structures across and along the wetlands, unscientific land use in surrounding areas and various human interferences. On the other hand wetlands play an important role in charging ground water table, sinking of carbon, providing livelihood to thousands of people through fishing, collecting edible plants, agriculture, irrigation and commercial fisheries, besides enrich biodiversity and maintaining environmental quality of a region. The life of wetlands depends on the quantity and quality of water. Any change in water quality and quantity affect the biotic regime of the wetlands. Fish and other aquatic animals and plants found in all levels （floating, rooted, submergent and emergent etc.） are affected by the changes, which are taking place in wetland water. The present study concerns in understanding the environmental quality of the wetlands in Dimoria region of Kamrup （Metro） district, Assam based primarily on the water and soil quality of selected wetlands viz. Jiong, Parkhali, Bomani and Duani.

Genetic analysis of land subsidence in Anshan

Land subsidence is a complex geological phenomenon which is concerned by the researchers at home and abroad. In this paper,the observation data from Anshan Second Order Leveling during 1987-[KG-*7]-1994,combined with the area of environmental engineering geology and geological conditions analysis shows that land subsidence in Anshan City is closely related to active tectonics,Quaternary strata and groundwater exploitation.

Environmental Effects of Water Quality of Melendiz Stream and Mamasin Dam Site in Aksaray City in the Central Anatolia of Turkey

The main purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the water quality of Melendiz and Karasu streams, which recharge the Mamasin dam, and to evaluate its environmental impacts on the dam site that provides drinking water and irrigation demand in Aksaray city in the Central Anatolia of Turkey. The field researches were focused on estimating the main sources of contamination, determining and evaluating the changes in the water quality due to the direct wastewater discharges into the Melendiz and Karasu rivers, which recharge the Mamasin dam sites. During the study, water samples were collected from Melendiz and Karasu stream and Mamasin dam, and then, the physical and chemical analyses of water samples were conducted. The relevant in-situ and laboratory analyses were carried out during the dry and wet seasons. The results of the analyses showed that in term of the surface water quality criteria in terms of NO3-N value of both rivers and dam waters, the water quality is always considered as the 1st class in Melendiz stream, the 2nd class in Karasu stream and the 3rd class in Mamasin dam lake. Whereas, in terms of NO4-N values of both rivers and dam waters, the water quality is always considered as the 1st class in Melendiz stream, the 2nd-3rd class in Karasu stream. The total organic carbon （TOC） range for Karasu river is usually from 20 mg/L to 40 mg/L. The high value of organic matter in the Karasu stream can be explained by the availability of intensive green wetlands around this water resource. Finally, the Ministry of Forest and Water Authority give some suggestions for estimating protection zones of Melendiz stream and Mamasin basin＇s area, such as using the results of environmental tracers to investigate the agricultural contamination, including more sophisticated applications of multiple-tracer analyses to evaluate the travel time of contaminants and estimate the boundary of protection zones.

Urbanization and Flood Risk： Implication for Coping in Coastal Zones of Nigeria

This study looked at rapid urbanization and the flood risk it portends with a view to identifying mechanisms for coping in coastal zones of Nigeria. Flooding is one of the various ecological problems that has taken its toll on the quality of the environment, human health, and economic growth in parts of Africa and the coastal zones of Nigeria in particular. Rapid urbanization has been seen to result in changes in land use patterns which can adversely affect the hydrological processes in a catchment leading to a deteriorating water environment. warning systems are identified and discussed in the paper Structural and non-structural approach as well as flood early as flood risks coping mechanisms, It also discusses the policy implications that government through its relevant agencies must be up to its game by monitoring precursors, forecasting of probable floods and notification of alerts, It concludes and recommends that an active involvement of communities at risks is required and public education and awareness of risks should be facilitated through effective dissemination, as well as ensuring that there is a constant preparedness,

Agriculture and Water Sources Protection Zones in the Czech Republic

The area of interest is located in the South Moravia Region at the confluence of the Jihlava, Oslava and Rokytn^i rivers. Ivan^ice spring area comprises a series of hydrologic boreholes, it is the main water source for water supply of Ivan^ice and Rosice towns and provides water for 30,000 inhabitants. The risk analysis was created on the basis of water quality monitoring, hydrogeological assessment and terrain exploration and a revision of protection zones was proposed. The spring area is situated in nitrate vulnerable zones and recently nitrate concentrations have been decreasing. Water quality evaluation results： high concentration of manganese and iron, sometimes higher concentration of ammonium and COD. This area is intensively used for agriculture and it is necessary to make a compromise solution during protection zones proposal, The regime in protection zones can not affect manganese and iron concentration （their origin is in the natural geological environment）. Therefore, water treatment plant is in operation and its modernization is proposed. Furthermore, the paper deals with spring area intensification construction of a new hydrologic borehole, and managed and unmanaged infiltration of surface water. The proposal of protection zones revision consists of reduction to a 2nd level protection zone.