The hygienic performance of simple storage and biological treatment of manure was evaluated using effluents collected from 44 hog farms across Brittany, France. Analyses were carried out on raw manure, on the sludge s...The hygienic performance of simple storage and biological treatment of manure was evaluated using effluents collected from 44 hog farms across Brittany, France. Analyses were carried out on raw manure, on the sludge stored after biological treatment and on the liquid phase stored in a lagoon after sludge settling or sludge dewatering. The effect of the treatments was evaluated on E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Sequential feeding of manure maintained a high level of enteric bacteria in storage tanks regardless the duration of storage, and biological treatment only slightly reduced the concentration of enteric bacteria （average reduction in raw manure and sludge 〈 2.2 log10）. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were identified in raw manure （50% and 18.2% of samples, respectively）, in sludge （14.8% and 11.1%）, and in lagoons （8.0% and 24%）, suggesting that there is still a sanitary risk after biological treatment of manure. Salmonella Derby and L. monocytogenes serotype 4b each accounted for 50% of the serotypes identified in the samples. There was no correlation between the presence of the two pathogenic bacteria and the size of the herd or the duration of manure storage. However, environmental conditions in the lagoons appeared to favor the presence ofL. monocytogenes and hence a risk of disseminating this pathogen in the environment.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the dynamic activity of NF-κB at the early stage of injury in mul tiple trauma patients and the protective effects of ulinastain. Methods： From January 2008 to May 2010, patients with mult...Objective： To investigate the dynamic activity of NF-κB at the early stage of injury in mul tiple trauma patients and the protective effects of ulinastain. Methods： From January 2008 to May 2010, patients with multiple traumas admitted to our emergency department were enrolled in this study. Their age varied from 20- 55 years. All enrolled patients were assigned randomly into control group （26 cases of multiple injury without ulinastain treatment）, ulinastain group （25 cases of multiple injury with ulinastain treatment）, and mild injury group （20 cases） for basic control. The inclusion criteria for mild injury group were AIS-2005 ≤ 3, single wound, previously healthy inhospital patients without the history of surgical intervention. In addition to routine treatment, patients in ulinastain group were intravenously injected 200 000 IU of ulinastain dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline within 12 hours after injury and subsequently injected at the interval of every 8 hours for 7 days. NF-κB activity in monocytes and the level of TNF- α, IL-1, IL-6 in serum on admission （day 0）, day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were measured. Data were compared and analyzed between different groups. Results： NF-κB activity in monocytes and TNF- α, IL-1 and IL-6 of these patients reached peak levels at 24 hour after trauma, with gradual decrease to normal at 72 hour after trauma. NF-κB activity and levels of TNF- α, IL- 1 and IL-6 were lower in ulinastain group than control one, without any significant difference between the two groups. The mean duration for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 7 d±3.1 d and 10 d±3.5 d in ulinastain group and control group respectively, and showed a significant difference. Conclusions： NF-κB activity in monocytes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in multiply injured patients increased transiently at the early stage of trauma. Ulinastain may shorten the duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, but does not show the ability to decrease the activity of NF-κB.展开更多
文摘The hygienic performance of simple storage and biological treatment of manure was evaluated using effluents collected from 44 hog farms across Brittany, France. Analyses were carried out on raw manure, on the sludge stored after biological treatment and on the liquid phase stored in a lagoon after sludge settling or sludge dewatering. The effect of the treatments was evaluated on E. coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Sequential feeding of manure maintained a high level of enteric bacteria in storage tanks regardless the duration of storage, and biological treatment only slightly reduced the concentration of enteric bacteria （average reduction in raw manure and sludge 〈 2.2 log10）. Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were identified in raw manure （50% and 18.2% of samples, respectively）, in sludge （14.8% and 11.1%）, and in lagoons （8.0% and 24%）, suggesting that there is still a sanitary risk after biological treatment of manure. Salmonella Derby and L. monocytogenes serotype 4b each accounted for 50% of the serotypes identified in the samples. There was no correlation between the presence of the two pathogenic bacteria and the size of the herd or the duration of manure storage. However, environmental conditions in the lagoons appeared to favor the presence ofL. monocytogenes and hence a risk of disseminating this pathogen in the environment.
文摘Objective： To investigate the dynamic activity of NF-κB at the early stage of injury in mul tiple trauma patients and the protective effects of ulinastain. Methods： From January 2008 to May 2010, patients with multiple traumas admitted to our emergency department were enrolled in this study. Their age varied from 20- 55 years. All enrolled patients were assigned randomly into control group （26 cases of multiple injury without ulinastain treatment）, ulinastain group （25 cases of multiple injury with ulinastain treatment）, and mild injury group （20 cases） for basic control. The inclusion criteria for mild injury group were AIS-2005 ≤ 3, single wound, previously healthy inhospital patients without the history of surgical intervention. In addition to routine treatment, patients in ulinastain group were intravenously injected 200 000 IU of ulinastain dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline within 12 hours after injury and subsequently injected at the interval of every 8 hours for 7 days. NF-κB activity in monocytes and the level of TNF- α, IL-1, IL-6 in serum on admission （day 0）, day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were measured. Data were compared and analyzed between different groups. Results： NF-κB activity in monocytes and TNF- α, IL-1 and IL-6 of these patients reached peak levels at 24 hour after trauma, with gradual decrease to normal at 72 hour after trauma. NF-κB activity and levels of TNF- α, IL- 1 and IL-6 were lower in ulinastain group than control one, without any significant difference between the two groups. The mean duration for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 7 d±3.1 d and 10 d±3.5 d in ulinastain group and control group respectively, and showed a significant difference. Conclusions： NF-κB activity in monocytes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in multiply injured patients increased transiently at the early stage of trauma. Ulinastain may shorten the duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, but does not show the ability to decrease the activity of NF-κB.
