GIS平台生态水环境污染自动监控研究

传统的水环境污染监测通常需要人工在特定时间点采样,无法实现连续监测,使得水环境污染监测精度降低。为提高生态水环境污染自动监控的精确性,提出应用GIS平台的生态水环境污染自动监控研究。通过构建基于GIS技术的水环境总量监控数据集成平台,完成生态水环境质量的快速查询和可视化表达;以该平台为基础,选择多项环境监控指标对南四湖流域水质展开监控,获取生态水环境污染监控信息,并实施信息融合及综合污染评价,实现生态水环境污染的高效监控。实验测试结果表明,验证应用GIS平台的生态水环境污染自动监控研究的有效性。

水生态环境治理技术及应用研究

水生态环境污染问题的不断加剧,不仅使得水资源的应用缺乏合理性,而且威胁水生生物的安全,甚至对人们的生活质量造成不良影响。因此,我们需要采取适宜的治理技术进行治理,以保障水生态环境的平衡。本文以相关的治理技术及应用措施为研究重点,对此展开详细论述。

基于人机交互的生态水环境污染远程监控方法研究

为提高生态水环境污染远程监控方法的准确性,设计一种基于人机交互的生态水环境污染远程监控方法。首先构建生态水环境污染远程监控总体方案,再对生态水环境污染远程监控的相关命令与要求进行交互,并设定生态水环境污染远程监控频率,最后对获取到的生态水环境污染远程监控数据进行融合,以此完成基于人机交互的生态水环境污染远程监控。实验结果表明,此次研究方法提高了生态水环境污染远程监控的准确性,满足生态水环境污染远程监控方法的设计需求,具有一定可行性。

低影响开发措施在水生态文明村镇建设中的应用模拟研究

为探究低影响开发措施在水生态文明村镇建设中的效果,研究构建SWMM模型,模拟分析低影响开发典型措施布置下的水文和环境效应。研究结果表明,下凹式绿地、透水铺装和植草沟等措施在设计降雨强度下均可延缓径流输出和减少洪峰流量,同时可有效削减TSS、COD、TN和TP负荷,且下凹式绿地措施效果最好。各措施下径流洪峰和污染负荷削减率随降雨重现期的增加总体上呈缓慢下降趋势,尤其是当降雨强度超过3 a一遇时,低影响开发(LID)措施削减洪峰和减少面源污染效果有限。因此,在水生态文明村镇建设中仍需要以河塘水系为核心优化排水管网以及加大河道排水能力。

小流域黄柏河污染问题的法制化治理策略研究

我国水生态环境污染问题严重影响了资源节约型、环境友好型社会的建设进程,其中,地方小流域水生态环境保护问题尤其值得关注。本文以湖北省宜昌市黄柏河小流域水生态环境问题为研究对象,分析了黄柏河的污染现状,剖析了污染引致原因,并从立法规制、立法理念、执法协调、公益诉讼四个方面提出了新时代下治理地方小流域水生态环境问题的相关政策建议。

谈黄河流域上游生态环境现状及保护策略

黄河,是中国第二大河流,从唐乃亥水文站到河口镇途经的甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古流域皆是黄河上游流域。黄河上游流域周边工农业、畜牧业快速发展的同时,也给流域带来了各种生态问题,如水土流失、土壤沙化、水生态污染等,如何解决这些问题是上游地区经济可持续发展的关键。

Source analysis and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangshan Deepwater Harbor in autumn and winter

Temporal and spatial variations of concentrations of heavy metals including mercury （Hg）, zinc （Zn）, lead （Pb）, arsenic （As）, copper （Cu）, and cadmium （Cd） in the sediments of the Yangshan Deepwater Harbor were determined based on 6 cruises in autumn and winter, respectively, from 2010 to 2013. The results demonstrated that the overall concentrations of heavy metals were low and distributed in uniform patterns. The concentrations of Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cd in autumn were significantly higher than those in winter with small fluctuations for As and Cu in terms of seasonal variations. Results of factor analysis showed that Pb, Cd, and Zn were derived from inland industrial and shipping discharges as well as the degradation of organic pollutants in marine environment. While agricultural pollutions, cargo shifting and construction debris from reclamation projects contributed to the sources of Cu, As, and Hg. Ecological risk assessment by Mean Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient （SQG-Q） revealed that the degree for eco-risk of the sediments was low-and-moderate in autumn, higher than that in winter. Hg and Cu were the dominant eco-risk factors. The results of Index of geoaccumulation （Igeo） showed that the whole sites of the sea area were barely influenced by Hg, As, Zn, and Pb, and the extents of Cd and Cu contaminations were in low grade. Contamination degree of all the six heavy metals could be ranked as the following： Cd〉Pb〉Zn〉Hg〉As. According to the results of integrated score of factor analysis, the contamination degree for heavy metals in sediments of the Yangshan Deepwater Harbor was low, despite sites No.5, No.4 and No.3, which were heavily contaminated compared with others.

Soil heavy metal(loid)s and risk assessment in vicinity of a coal mining area from southwest Guizhou, China

Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the potential ecological risks posed by the heavy metals were quantitatively estimated. Results reveal that all heavy metals/metalloid exceeded the background values for soil environmental quality of heavy metals in Guizhou area. Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)) showed that arsenic had the highest contamination level(I_(geo)=4) among the seven heavy metals/metalloid, and the contamination levels of mercury and lead were also relatively high(I_(geo)=3). Pearson correlation and cluster analysis identified that mercury, copper and arsenic had a relationship, and their presence might be mainly related to mining activity, coal and oil combustion, and vehicle emissions. Improved Nemerow index indicated that the overall level of heavy metal contamination in the studied area ranged from moderately–heavily contaminated to heavily contaminated level. Potential ecological risk index(R_I) analysis manifested that the whole ecological risk level ranged from high degree to very high degree(325.30≤R_I≤801.02) in the studied soil samples, and the potential ecological risk factors (E_r^i) of heavy metals/metalloid were as follows: Hg > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr, and the E_r^i of Hg and As reached very high risk grade.

Technical Innovation of Land Treatment Systems for Municipal Wastewater in Northeast China

On the basis of ecological principles including holistic optimization, cycling and regeneration, and regional differentiation, land treatment systems (LTSs) for municipal wastewater were continuously explored and updated in the western Shenyang area and the Huolinhe area, China. Intensified pretreatment, addition of a man-made soil filtration layer, and use of an ecologically diversified secondary plant cover were proved to be technically feasible. Hydraulic loading was determined according to the assimilation capacity of soil ecosystems, thus ensuring safe operation of wastewater treatment. This modernized and alternative approach to wastewater treatment had been widely applied in middle-sized and small cities and towns of Northeast China, and these innovative systems in some areas had indicated favorable ecological, social, and economic benefits.

Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin (Bulgaria-Greece)

The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation, drinking water production, diversions for industrial water, and risk of pollution from mining, to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Elesnica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for mean an increase in water usage the water resources if regional the future. It will and more stress for impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.

Distribution and pollution assessment of trace metals in seawater and sediment in Laizhou Bay

Selected trace metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg） and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments of Laizhou Bay were determined, to evaluate their spatial distribution, pollution risk and potential ecological risk. Concentrations of the elements were 0.56-2.07, 0.14-0.38, 12.70-18.40, 0.014-0.094, and 1.13- 2.37 μg/L in the seawater and 8.94-32.2, 0.18-0.67, 4.51-30.5, 0.006-0.058, and 5.75-15.3 mg/kg in sediments for Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As, respectively. High concentrations of the trace metals and arsenic in seawater and surface sediments were generally observed near the fiver estuary. The pollution risk result of the elements showed that Cu was the prominent trace metal pollutant in seawater, followed by Hg, Pb, Cd and As. The metal complex pollution index in seawater was at a medium level. The most important trace metal pollutant in sediments was Cd, followed by As, Cu, Pb, and Hg. Our pollution assessment suggests that trace metal pollution in Laizhou Bay sediments was at a low level. The potential ecological risk was also low in surface sediment.

Energy flow in Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: tubificidae) in a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake, Biandantang Lake

The energy flow of Branchiura sowerbyi was studied for the first time in China in a shallow macrophytic lake, Biandantang Lake, Hubei Province. The energy flow was calculated from the measurement of flesh production (12.5241kJ/m2a), egestion (517.7302kJ/m2a), metabolism (38.3273 kJ/m2a), and excretion (4.3798kJ/m2a). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 22.7%, which accords well with the generally reported value for oligochaetes. In addition, the relationship between starvation respiration (R, mgO2/ind穌), wet weight (Ww, mg) and temperature (T, C) were also measured, with the regression function being R=0.008 Ww0.736 e0.050T.

Study on the Definition and Allocation of the Rights to Water Utilization in the Ecological Environment

With the rapid development of population and economy, the conflict between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming outstanding increasingly, In China, many people concern about the problems of ecological environment water expenditure.However, owning to the shortage of water resources and indefinite water rights, “the hustle effect” of per capita water resource is appeared, Moreover. it caused a series of environment problems. This article differentiates and analyzes the relevant concepts about the ecological enviromnent, and puts forward the defined concept of the rights to the ecological environment water utilization. In addition, it points out the characteristic of those rights, and does elementary study on the allocation principle, methods, and steps on the rights.

The Microbiologic Water Pollution on Marine Ecosystems Velipoja Beach, Albania

Waters in marine ecosystems are likely contamination. The origin of pollution may be industrial, radioactive, agricultural, urban mikobiologjike etc.. The study was conducted in the waters of the Adriatic sea ecosystem aims to analyze the microbiological contamination areas. These waters are used for holiday purposes by citizens. The samplings of marine water are taken from the stratum water surface about 10 cm, at a distance 10-20 m by sea coast. These samples are examined in laboratory for determination of two micro organisms, indicators excrements pollution Faecal Coliform （FC） （ISO 9803） and FC, probably Streptococcus Faecal （FS） with Filtrate Membrane Method＇s in specific areas （ISO 7899-2）. In area Velipoja, Albania, the microbiologic elaborated analyses have resulted as follows： For FC and Streptococcus Faecal are given the minimal values FC-50, FS-50 and maximal values FC-90, FS-90 per 100 mL. About the evaluation of reaction （pH） is concluded that in Albania the sea waters coastal zones have a lightly alkaline ambient, where pH value is in the range 7.5-8.3, estimated according to recommended standards 6-9. No cases of red-tide algae development have been observed.

Fixed-bed-column Studies for Methylene Blue Removal and Recovery by Untreated Coffee Residues

This paper contributes to the Industrial Ecology Concept by using a common urban solid waste, i.e., coffee residues, to clean industrial wastewaters polluted by basic dyes, e.g., Methylene Blue. For the data from the continuous fixed-bed column system, two common models, namely （a） Bohart and Adams and （b） Clark were implemented. The Bohart and Adams capacity was up to N = 46,166 mg.L-1 or q0 = 104.5 mg.g-1 for bed-depth 15 cm, initial dye concentration 800 mg.g-1 and flow rate 20 mL.min-1. The results revealed that the Methylene Blue is fairly adsorbed on coffee residues. Consequently, this process can be applied as a low cost technique for cleaning basic dyes from the aquatic environment.

Study on Water Pollution Control of Huaihe River and Countermeasures

Huaihe River is one of three major rivers in China with a large population and developed economy. By the 1970s, the water quality of Huaihe River was deteriorating daily and more than a hundred serious pollution accidents of water quality happened and caused the inestimable losses in the production, life and health of residents along the river and terribly damaged the ecological system of the river. Through the continuous large-scale treatment for more than 10 years, the deterioration of water quality in Huaihe River has been basically inhibited. Nevertheless, the water pollution in Huaihe River is, on the whole, still very serious for many reasons, including special climatic conditions, terrible lack of water resource, obsolete industrial structure and unsound management system for the river, etc. This essay deeply analyzes the rea- sons why the water pollution of Huaihe River is ＂chronic＂ and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures for how to continuously improve the water quality of the river. In the end, this essay argues that it still takes 30-50 years or even a longer period, even if every measures are implemented smoothly and strictly, to actually make the water of Huaihe River clean and gradually restore its normal ecological and environmental functions.