土霉素是一种典型的抗生素类新污染物,具有使用量大、生态毒性强等特点,其环境基准标准和水生态风险受到学界广泛关注.本文基于美国毒理数据库、Web of Science、中国知网等相关数据库,收集整理了土霉素对我国淡水生物的毒性数据和水环...土霉素是一种典型的抗生素类新污染物,具有使用量大、生态毒性强等特点,其环境基准标准和水生态风险受到学界广泛关注.本文基于美国毒理数据库、Web of Science、中国知网等相关数据库,收集整理了土霉素对我国淡水生物的毒性数据和水环境暴露数据,制定了保护淡水生物的水质基准,并进行了风险评估.结果表明:(1)依据《中国动物志》和《淡水生物水质基准推导技术指南》等,对毒性数据的物种和试验条件进行筛选,最终土霉素急性毒性数据涉及5门10科13种,最敏感物种为模糊网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia dubia);慢性数据涉及3门9科10种,最敏感物种为水蕴草(Egeria densa).(2)物种敏感度分布法研究表明,急性数据符合逻辑斯蒂分布模型,推导出的短期水质基准为61.2μg/L;慢性毒性数据符合正态分布模型,推导出的长期水质基准为18.7μg/L.(3)毒性百分数排序法推导的基准最大浓度为34.0μg/L,基准连续浓度为7.4μg/L.(4)共搜集近15年(2007年1月—2022年3月)我国主要水体土霉素浓度数据803条,浓度范围为0.1~97433.8 ng/L,北方流域的土霉素浓度整体高于南方,采用风险熵值法和概率法的研究表明,土霉素污染对我国淡水生物的环境风险整体较低,仅海河的子牙河支流生态风险较高(风险熵RQ>1).结合基准及我国污染特点,认为我国保护淡水生物的土霉素地表水环境质量标准建议值为18.7μg/L.研究结果对土霉素等新污染物的环境管理、风险评估以及本土物种保护的水质标准制订具有借鉴作用.展开更多
Ammonia is one of the basin indices which are nation-controlled in the waterenvironmental management. In order to assess the differences of ammonia criteria indifferent basins, 7 major basins are used for the study ob...Ammonia is one of the basin indices which are nation-controlled in the waterenvironmental management. In order to assess the differences of ammonia criteria indifferent basins, 7 major basins are used for the study object, including Songhua River,Liaohe River, Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and ZhujiangRiver, referring the water environmental criteria technology of the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, based on the effects of water characteristics on theecotoxicity of ammonia, and in summer and non-summer situation, aquatic life criteriais derived for ammonia. The results showed that: (a) The differences between thecriteria values in different basins and different seasons were significant. The differencesbetween the criteria values in different basins were greater than 6 times, while those indifferent seasons in the same basin were greater than 2 times. (b) The summer acuteand chronic criteria for Huaihe River were 0.37 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L while thenon-summer values were 0.81 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L. Both the summer and thenon-summer values were lowest in all of the seven basins. (c) The preliminaryassessment of Ammonia exposure ecological risk indicated that was the lowest inZhujiang River, and it was much lower in Songhua River, Liaohe River and YangtzeRiver, and was higher in Yellow River, and the highest in both Haihe River and HuaiheRiver. Haihe River has 7 sections while 2 in high risk, and Huaihe River has 27 sectionswhile sixteen in high risk. According to the differences of the criteria values for ammoniain seven basins in different seasons and difference of ammonia ecological riskassessment, it is suggested that it should be managed by different policies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2012ZX07501-003)Science and technology basic work(Grant No.2014FY120606)
文摘Ammonia is one of the basin indices which are nation-controlled in the waterenvironmental management. In order to assess the differences of ammonia criteria indifferent basins, 7 major basins are used for the study object, including Songhua River,Liaohe River, Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and ZhujiangRiver, referring the water environmental criteria technology of the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, based on the effects of water characteristics on theecotoxicity of ammonia, and in summer and non-summer situation, aquatic life criteriais derived for ammonia. The results showed that: (a) The differences between thecriteria values in different basins and different seasons were significant. The differencesbetween the criteria values in different basins were greater than 6 times, while those indifferent seasons in the same basin were greater than 2 times. (b) The summer acuteand chronic criteria for Huaihe River were 0.37 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L while thenon-summer values were 0.81 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L. Both the summer and thenon-summer values were lowest in all of the seven basins. (c) The preliminaryassessment of Ammonia exposure ecological risk indicated that was the lowest inZhujiang River, and it was much lower in Songhua River, Liaohe River and YangtzeRiver, and was higher in Yellow River, and the highest in both Haihe River and HuaiheRiver. Haihe River has 7 sections while 2 in high risk, and Huaihe River has 27 sectionswhile sixteen in high risk. According to the differences of the criteria values for ammoniain seven basins in different seasons and difference of ammonia ecological riskassessment, it is suggested that it should be managed by different policies.
