Applying randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the genetic variation of Cabomba caro- liniana Gray (cabomba or fanwort), a new alien plant in China, was analyzed in this paper. Total 143 bands, in- cluding 47 pol...Applying randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the genetic variation of Cabomba caro- liniana Gray (cabomba or fanwort), a new alien plant in China, was analyzed in this paper. Total 143 bands, in- cluding 47 polymorphic bands, were amplified from 23 primers in 20 samples. The sampling distance was large, but its genetic diversity was low. The main results were that: (1) Cabomba, which grew and dispersed mainly in fragment, was an abundant and dominant species in freshwater, and its main dispersal mechanism was vegetative reproduction. (2) Cabomba was originally introduced into China as an aquarium submerged plant. Somehow, those discarded cabomba became invasive species in the areas of Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Meicheng, and other places. (3) Although the level of genetic diversity in cabomba was low, their rapid dispersion and propagation could seriously harm to local aquatic community. Therefore, specific measure should be used to control cabomba from uncontrolled spreading and damage to local vegetation communities.展开更多
Climate change, such as elevated temperatures, may facilitate biological invasion. Aquatic animal systems are more vulnerable to biological invasion when the temperature rises. Animal personality also plays an importa...Climate change, such as elevated temperatures, may facilitate biological invasion. Aquatic animal systems are more vulnerable to biological invasion when the temperature rises. Animal personality also plays an important role in the possibility of successful establishment of invasive species. However, it is still unclear how personality traits of invasive species will respond to global warming. This study focuses on juveniles of red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii, an invasive poikilothermic species with wide distribution throughout the world, and explores how slight temperature increases influence three personality traits (ac- tivity, boldness and aggressiveness) ofP. clarkii. For each personality, individual variation is to be presented in condition of the same temperature. Individual personality values can significantly increase with the subtle rising of water temperature. Significant correlations among activity, boldness and aggressiveness are found at any temperature stage, and such relationships are main- tained at a similar level in the face of different temperatures. It is most likely that significant expressions of personality traits may be an ecological compensation strategy to offset increased metabolic costs when faced with small temperature increases. Aggres- sion syndromes are formed due to stable linkages between personality traits, in order to acquire allopatric resources efficiently and establish a new population in this species展开更多
The submerged plant species Carolina fanwort(Cabomba caroliniana)has become a dominant invasive aquatic plant in the Lake Taihu Basin(LTB)in China.Introduced species may escape their original specialist enemies and en...The submerged plant species Carolina fanwort(Cabomba caroliniana)has become a dominant invasive aquatic plant in the Lake Taihu Basin(LTB)in China.Introduced species may escape their original specialist enemies and encounter fewer enemies in their new environment.They were assumed to have suffered less herbivory than native species as they are relatively unpalatable(the enemy release hypothesis[ERH]).The objective of this study was to compare the responses of C.caroliniana with those of co-occurring native species to herbivory from native herbivores.We conducted a mesocosm experiment to record the responses of C.caroliniana and two commonly co-occurring native submerged plant counterparts,water thyme(Hydrilla verticillata)and Eurasian watermilfoil(Myriophyllum spicatum),to herbivory by two native generalist gastropod snails,Radix swinhoei and Sinotaia quadrata.Plant morphological traits(total biomass,shoot/root[S/R]biomass ratio and relative growth rate[RGR])and physiological traits(leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate[TNC],lignin,and cellulose)were recorded.The snail S.quadrata rarely influenced the plant traits of the three submerged plants.With the increasing numbers of R.swinhoei treatments,most of the plant traits of H.verticillata and M.spicatum changed,while those of C.caroliniana showed a relatively stable fluctuation.This result indicates that C.caroliniana is more resistant to herbivory by the snail R.swinhoei,which is consistent with the ERH hypothesis.This finding indicates that herbivorous snail species contributes to the invasion of C.caroliniana,which potentially alters the species composition of submerged plants in the plant community.展开更多
While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among nonnative individuals (i.e. personality) on these impacts have ...While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among nonnative individuals (i.e. personality) on these impacts have been largely overlooked. This is despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that, by nature, the three first stages of biological invasions (i.e. transport, establishment and spread) can lead to personalitybiased populations. Freshwater ecosystems provide a unique oppor tunity to investigate this issue, notably because the ecological impacts of nonnative species have been extensively documented and because animal personality has been widely studied using freshwater model species. Here, we aim at developing some per spectives on the potential effects of animal personality on the ecological impacts of freshwater nonnative species across levels of biological organizations. At the individual level, personality types have been demonstrated to affect the physiolo gy, metabolism, life history traits and fitness of individuals. We used these effects to discuss how they could subsequently impact invaded popula tions and, in turn, recipient communities. We also discussed how these might translate into changes in the structure of food webs and the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Finally we discussed how these perspectives could interact with the management of invasive species .展开更多
This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same fo...This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same food, and cases in which the in-vader consumes valued native species. In many instances, better predator avoidance by the invasive species or the absence of predators in the new habitat contributes to the success of the invaders; in other cases native or introduced predators appear to be able to keep the invasive species in check. A relatively new management approach in the US is the idea of adding another trophic level - to have humans act as the predators and consume the invasive species. This approach is being utilized in Florida and throughout the Caribbean against the lionfish, but could be extended to other fishes, as well as to various invasive crustaceans and mollusks. This idea is controversial, and current regulations prohibiting the possession of individuals of the invasive species (e.g., mitten crabs or snakefish) would preclude the development of a fishery for them [Current Zoology 57 (5): 613~524, 2011].展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39970145) and Major State Basic Research Development Program ofChina (No. G2000046803)
文摘Applying randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the genetic variation of Cabomba caro- liniana Gray (cabomba or fanwort), a new alien plant in China, was analyzed in this paper. Total 143 bands, in- cluding 47 polymorphic bands, were amplified from 23 primers in 20 samples. The sampling distance was large, but its genetic diversity was low. The main results were that: (1) Cabomba, which grew and dispersed mainly in fragment, was an abundant and dominant species in freshwater, and its main dispersal mechanism was vegetative reproduction. (2) Cabomba was originally introduced into China as an aquarium submerged plant. Somehow, those discarded cabomba became invasive species in the areas of Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Meicheng, and other places. (3) Although the level of genetic diversity in cabomba was low, their rapid dispersion and propagation could seriously harm to local aquatic community. Therefore, specific measure should be used to control cabomba from uncontrolled spreading and damage to local vegetation communities.
文摘Climate change, such as elevated temperatures, may facilitate biological invasion. Aquatic animal systems are more vulnerable to biological invasion when the temperature rises. Animal personality also plays an important role in the possibility of successful establishment of invasive species. However, it is still unclear how personality traits of invasive species will respond to global warming. This study focuses on juveniles of red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii, an invasive poikilothermic species with wide distribution throughout the world, and explores how slight temperature increases influence three personality traits (ac- tivity, boldness and aggressiveness) ofP. clarkii. For each personality, individual variation is to be presented in condition of the same temperature. Individual personality values can significantly increase with the subtle rising of water temperature. Significant correlations among activity, boldness and aggressiveness are found at any temperature stage, and such relationships are main- tained at a similar level in the face of different temperatures. It is most likely that significant expressions of personality traits may be an ecological compensation strategy to offset increased metabolic costs when faced with small temperature increases. Aggres- sion syndromes are formed due to stable linkages between personality traits, in order to acquire allopatric resources efficiently and establish a new population in this species
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31930074,41877415 and 32001157)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(KFJ-STS-QYZD-156)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the Project of the Young Scientist Group(2021NIGLAS-CJH01)Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology(NIGLAS),CAS.
文摘The submerged plant species Carolina fanwort(Cabomba caroliniana)has become a dominant invasive aquatic plant in the Lake Taihu Basin(LTB)in China.Introduced species may escape their original specialist enemies and encounter fewer enemies in their new environment.They were assumed to have suffered less herbivory than native species as they are relatively unpalatable(the enemy release hypothesis[ERH]).The objective of this study was to compare the responses of C.caroliniana with those of co-occurring native species to herbivory from native herbivores.We conducted a mesocosm experiment to record the responses of C.caroliniana and two commonly co-occurring native submerged plant counterparts,water thyme(Hydrilla verticillata)and Eurasian watermilfoil(Myriophyllum spicatum),to herbivory by two native generalist gastropod snails,Radix swinhoei and Sinotaia quadrata.Plant morphological traits(total biomass,shoot/root[S/R]biomass ratio and relative growth rate[RGR])and physiological traits(leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate[TNC],lignin,and cellulose)were recorded.The snail S.quadrata rarely influenced the plant traits of the three submerged plants.With the increasing numbers of R.swinhoei treatments,most of the plant traits of H.verticillata and M.spicatum changed,while those of C.caroliniana showed a relatively stable fluctuation.This result indicates that C.caroliniana is more resistant to herbivory by the snail R.swinhoei,which is consistent with the ERH hypothesis.This finding indicates that herbivorous snail species contributes to the invasion of C.caroliniana,which potentially alters the species composition of submerged plants in the plant community.
文摘While the ecological impacts of invasive species have been demonstrated for many taxonomic groups, the potential effects of behavioural variation among nonnative individuals (i.e. personality) on these impacts have been largely overlooked. This is despite the fact that recent studies have demonstrated that, by nature, the three first stages of biological invasions (i.e. transport, establishment and spread) can lead to personalitybiased populations. Freshwater ecosystems provide a unique oppor tunity to investigate this issue, notably because the ecological impacts of nonnative species have been extensively documented and because animal personality has been widely studied using freshwater model species. Here, we aim at developing some per spectives on the potential effects of animal personality on the ecological impacts of freshwater nonnative species across levels of biological organizations. At the individual level, personality types have been demonstrated to affect the physiolo gy, metabolism, life history traits and fitness of individuals. We used these effects to discuss how they could subsequently impact invaded popula tions and, in turn, recipient communities. We also discussed how these might translate into changes in the structure of food webs and the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Finally we discussed how these perspectives could interact with the management of invasive species .
文摘This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same food, and cases in which the in-vader consumes valued native species. In many instances, better predator avoidance by the invasive species or the absence of predators in the new habitat contributes to the success of the invaders; in other cases native or introduced predators appear to be able to keep the invasive species in check. A relatively new management approach in the US is the idea of adding another trophic level - to have humans act as the predators and consume the invasive species. This approach is being utilized in Florida and throughout the Caribbean against the lionfish, but could be extended to other fishes, as well as to various invasive crustaceans and mollusks. This idea is controversial, and current regulations prohibiting the possession of individuals of the invasive species (e.g., mitten crabs or snakefish) would preclude the development of a fishery for them [Current Zoology 57 (5): 613~524, 2011].