Advances in Microbial Remediation on the Application of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Water Resources

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and less secondary pollution, microbial ramediation technology is widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources. At present, with the progress of modern biotechnology, microbial remediation of heavy metals in agricul- tural water resources has grown rapidly. The sources and status quo of heavy met- al pollution in agricultural water resources at home and aboard, and the principles of microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution in agricultural water resources were reviewed in this paper, as well as the several common microbial remediation technology of heavy metals in agricultural water resources. Additionally, the further research work of heavy metal contaminated agricultural water resources by microbial ramediation were prospected.

台州市人民政府办公室关于印发台州市海洋与渔业局主要职责内设机构和人员编制规定的通知

台政办发[2011]175号各县(市、区)人民政府,市政府直属各单位:《台州市海洋与渔业局主要职责、内设机构和人员编制规定》已经市政府批准,现予以印发。

The importance of terrestrial carbon in supporting molluscs in the wetlands of Poyang Lake

Allochthonous organic matter plays an important role in nutrient cycling and energy mobilization in freshwater ecosystems. However, the subsidies of this carbon source in floodplain ecosystems have not yet well understood. We used a Bayesian mixing model and stable isotopes （613C and 815N） of primary food resources and dominant molluscs species, to estimate the relative importance of allochthonous carbon sources for consumers in a representative sub-lake of Poyang Lake during a prolonged dry season. Our study inferred that terrestrial-derived carbon from Carex spp. could be the primary contributor to snails and mussels in Dahuchi Lake. The mean percentage of allochthonous food resources accounted for 35%- 50% of the C incorporated by these consumers. Seston was another important energy sources for benthic consumers. However, during the winter and low water-level period, benthic algae and submerged vegetation contributed less carbon to benthic consumers. Our data highlighted the importance of terrestrial organic carbon to benthic consumers in the wetlands of Poyang Lake during the prolonged dry period. Further, our results provided a perspective that linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems might be facilitated by wintering geese via their droppings.

Policy Analysis of Shoreline Restoration Options on Private Shorelines of Puget Sound

Puget Sound shorelines have historically provided a diversity of habitats that support a variety of aquatic resources throughout the area. These valued natural resources are iconic to the region and remain central to both the economic vitality and community appreciation of Puget Sound. Coastal developments over the past 30 years have placed increased pressure on aquatic resources through deterioration of upland and nearshore shoreline habitats within the region. Since a majority of Washington State upland shorelines are privately owned, regulatory authority to require future restoration on private property is not feasible. Washington States＇ Shoreline Management Act requires local jurisdictions to plan for appropriate future shoreline uses. Under the Act, future development can be regulated to protect existing ecological functions. However, lost functions cannot be retroactively restored through regulatory means, but rather require purchase or compensation of the private property to be restored. Therefore, questions remain as to the ecological resilience of the region when considering cumulative effects of existing and ongoing shoreline development and limited shoreline restoration opportunities constrained to public lands. In light of these questions, this analysis will explore opportunities to promote restoration on privately owned shorelines within Puget Sound. These efforts are intended to promote more efficient coastal management to improve ecosystem services.

Exploration of Antifouling Potential of the Brown Algae Laminaria ‘Sanhai’

Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogeinc compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin （TBT）. In this paper, antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ was explored. Firstly, the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated. The EC50 and LC50 values of crude extract of Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ against diatom （Skeletonema costatum） and barnacle larval （Chthamalus challengeri） were 8.9 μg·mL -1 and 12.0 μg·mL -1 respectively. Then, guided by bioassay, the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC50 value of 7.4 μg· mL -1 against S. costatum and LC50 value of 9.7 μg mL 1 against C. challengeri larvae. Identification by IR, Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids. These fatty acids, most with 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, contained myristic, hexadecanoic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ＇sanhai＇ a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants.

The heart rate - breathing rate relationship in aquatic mammals： A comparative analysis with terrestrial species

Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals, while resting at the water surface or ashore, breathe with a low frequency （f） by comparison to terrestrial mammals of the same body size, the difference increasing the larger the species. Among various interpretations, it was suggested that the low-f breathing is a consequence of the end-inspiratory breath-holding pattern adopted by aquatic mammals to favour buoyancy at the water surface, and evolved to be part of the genetic makeup. If this interpretation was correct it could be expected that, differently from f, the heart rate （HR, beats/min） of aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals at rest would not need to differ from that of terrestrial mammals and that their HR-fratio would be higher than in terrestrial species. Literature data for HR （beats/min） in mammals at rest were gathered for 56 terrestrial and 27 aquatic species. In aquatic mammals the allometric curve （HR=191 .M^18; M= body mass, kg） did not differ from that of terrestrial species （HR=212.M^-0.22） and their HR-fratio （on average 32±5） was much higher than in terrestrial species （5±1） （P〈0.0001）. The comparison of these HR allometric curves to those forfpreviously published indicated that the HR-fratio was body size-independent in terrestrial species while it increased significantly with M in aquatic species. The similarity in HR and differences in f between aquatic and terrestrial mammals agree with the possibility that the lowfof aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals may have evolved for a non-respiratory function, namely the regulation of buoyancy at the water surface [Current Zoology 61（4）： 569-577, 2015].