通过能量转换监测船舶压载水余氯的方法

针对现有电解法船舶压载水处理系统余氯监测设备使用成本高、系统复杂等问题,提出通过电解过程的能量转换来监测压载水主管路中余氯实时浓度的方法,以某散货船的压载水处理过程为例,进行监测数据分析并对比实船余氯分析仪表的测量值,二者数据相近,同时分析现有电解法船舶压载水处理系统应用该方法的改进方案,该监测方法实船应用可行性较高,可提高压载水处理系统的可靠性,同时可降低使用维护成本和故障率。

硫代硫酸钠在压载水中和的应用及扫舱中和处理优化

为了验证硫代硫酸钠用于中和排放压载水残留氧化物(TRO)的效果,某电解法压载水处理系统在测试机构进行了型式认证的陆基试验。试验结果表明,硫代硫酸钠在不低于1.4倍的过量系数投加时,中和处理后的TRO浓度为0.01~0.08mg·L^(-1),满足IMO和港口国的排放标准。硫代硫酸钠的中和处理不易受到盐度,水温,颗粒有机碳(POC)及溶解有机碳(DOC)影响。通过调研船舶扫舱系统的运行参数,基于陆基试验结果及中和加药计算,分析了扫舱排载时取消TRO监测的可行性。结果表明:通过适当过量加入硫代硫酸钠,可以保证中和处理后的扫舱水能满足IMO和港口国对TRO排放要求,因此电解法压载水处理系统进行扫舱处理时,取消TRO监测是可行的。

Study on Micro Electrolysis Treatment for Decolorizing Dyed Water

Method for decolrizing dyed wastewater was researched and the affecting factors dicussed. The result shows that the conditions for getting an optimum decolorization effect are: a reaction time of 60 min, a coke size of 5～10 mm, a solid/liquid ratio of 1∶10, an air blast volume of 4 m3/h, and proper Fe/coke ratio determined by the type of dye material. The system acidity influences dyed wastewater in different ways, i.e., acid condition is good for the decolorization of scarlet 3R and methyl orange simulated wastewater but bad for that of alkali violet 5BN simulated wastewater, while the decolorization of dispersed yellow E-RGFL simulated wastewater has nothing to do with pH.

Numerical modeling dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating of industrial solution media

The exothermic efficiency of microwave heating an electrolyte/water solution is remarkably high due to the dielectric heating by orientation polarization of water and resistance heating by the Joule process occurred simultaneously compared with pure water.A three-dimensional finite element numerical model of multi-feed microwave heating industrial liquids continuously flowing in a meter-scale circular tube is presented.The temperature field inside the applicator tube in the cavity is solved by COMSOL Multiphysics and professional programming to describe the momentum,energy and Maxwell's equations.The evaluations of the electromagnetic field,the temperature distribution and the velocity field are simulated for the fluids dynamically heated by singleand multi-feed microwave system,respectively.Both the pilot experimental investigations and numerical results of microwave with single-feed heating for fluids with different effective permittivity and flow rates show that the presented numerical modeling makes it possible to analyze dynamic process of multi-feed microwave heating the industrial liquid.The study aids in enhancing the understanding and optimizing of dynamic process in the use of multi-feed microwave heating industrial continuous flow for a variety of material properties and technical parameters.

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Borohydride for Fuel Cells

Borohydrides present interesting options for the electrochemical power generation acting either as hydrogen source or anodic fuel for direct borohydride fuel cells(DBFC).In this work,Mg-Ni composite synthesized by mechanically alloying method,used as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of borohydride,has been investigated.Co-doping treatment has been carried out for the purpose of improving the hydrolysis rate further.The as-prepared and Co-doped Mg-Ni composites with low cost showed high catalytic activity to the hydrolysis of borohydride for hydrogen generation.After Co-doping,the hydrogen generation rate was around 280 ml·g-1·min-1.Borohydride would be a promising hydrogen source for fuel cells.

Preparation of microsized single-crystalline Co_3O_4 by high-temperature hydrolysis

Microsized single-crystalline Co3O4 has been synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of CoCD2H20 at 600℃. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results reveal that the as-prepared powders are microsized single-crystalline CO3O4 with cubic spinel structure. An increase in the high-temperature hydrolysis time results in the evolution of particle shapes from cube to quasi-sphere, and then to octahedron. The effect of NaCl additive on the surface morphologies of Co3O4 particles was experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the NaCl additive acts as an inert disperse phase in the high-temperature hydrolysis, and prevents the aggregation of Co3O4 particles effectively.

Synthesis of Amphiphilic Polyelectrolyte and Study of Their Association Behavior in Hydroalcoholic Media

The objective of the work involves the synthesis of comb-like amphiphilic cationic polymers with repeating units methacylamides laterally substituted by a group containing a quaternary ammonium site and a hydrophobic n-alkyl side chain with 8-10 carbon atoms. Two synthesis methods were developed successfully. The first method is consisted to synthesizing first amphiphilic cationic methacrylamide monomers. In the second method the tertiary amine groups of polymers precursors were quaternised with various n-alkyl bromides. All the polymers obtained in this way were characterized by spectroscopic methods： 1^H NMR and by viscometry. The reduced viscosity of hydro-alcoholic polymer solution decreases with polymer concentration. Viscometry study showed that these polymers display typical polysoap behavior in hydro-alcoholic mixtures.

工程机械专利信息之高原制氧技术篇

随着西部开发与经济的发展，进入高原地区工作和旅游的人越来越多。在内地平原地区生活的人初进入高原区，由于空气含氧量低，人会有不同程度的高原反应，如头痛、乏力、眼花等，重一些的可出现呕吐、心慌、呼吸困难等症状。长时间在高原地区驾车行驶，司机更易身心疲惫。

Photoelectrode for water splitting: Materials,fabrication and characterization

Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which should possess small bandgap to ensure wide light harvest, facile charge separation to allow the generated photocharges migrating to the reactive sites and highly catalytic capability to fully utilize the separated photocharges. Proper electrode fabrication method is of equal importance for promoting charge transfer and accelerating surface reactions in the electrodes. Moreover,powerful characterization method can shed light on the complex PEC process and provide deep understanding of the rate-determining step for us to improve the PEC systems further. Targeting on high solar conversion efficiency, here we provide a review on the development of PEC water splitting in the aspect of materials exploring, fabrication method and characterization. It is expected to provide some fundamental insight of PEC and inspire the design of more effective PEC systems.

Principle of in-situ 3D rock stress measurement with borehole wall stress relief method and its preliminary applications to determination of in-situ rock stress orientation and magnitude in Jinping hydropower station

As a main constituent of geological body, the rock masses have distinct differences from other materials, one of which is that rock masses are initially stressed in their natural states. Hence, it is an extremely challenging and significant research project to know the present residual stress of the rock masses in the earth's crust. Although some regularities of distribution of in-situ rock stresses can be deduced, the basic means to study the state of rock stress is in-situ stress measurement. After a brief review of several measuring methods of in-situ 3D rock stress, a new one, borehole wall stress relief method (BWSRM) to determine the in-situ 3D rock stress tensor in a single drilled borehole was proposed. Based on the principle of in-situ rock stress measurement with BWSRM, an original geostress measuring instrument was designed and manufactured. Preliminary experiments for determination of in-situ stress orientation and magnitude were carried out at an experimental tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station in China, where the buried depth of overburden was about 2430 m. The results showed that it was feasible to measure the in-situ 3D rock stresses with BWSRM presented in this paper. The BWSRM has a broad prospect for in-situ 3D rock stress measurements in practical rock engineering.

Decoupling hydrogen production from water oxidation by integrating a triphase interfacial bioelectrochemical cascade reaction

Water electrolysis to produce H2 is a promising strategy for generating a renewable fuel.However,the sluggish-kinetics and low value-added anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)restricts the overall energy conversion efficiency.Herein we report a strategy of boosting H_(2)production at low voltages by replacing OER with a bioelectrochemical cascade reaction at a triphase bioanode.In the presence of oxygen,oxidase enzymes can convert biomass into valuable products,and concurrently generate H_(2)O_(2) that can be further electrooxidized at the bioanode.Benefiting from the efficient oxidase kinetics at an oxygen-rich triphase bioanode and the more favorable thermodynamics of H_(2)O_(2)oxidation than that of OER,the cell voltage and energy consumption are reduced by~0.70 V and~36%,respectively,relative to regular water electrolysis.This leads to an efficient H_(2)production at the cathode and valuable product generation at the bioanode.Integration of a bioelectrochemical cascade into the water splitting process provides an energy-efficient and promising pathway for achieving a renewable fuel.