[目的]研究有机无机氮肥配比对南方稻麦轮作体系中水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为实现水旱轮作体系中水稻的高产高效和有机无机肥料的科学配施提供理论基础和科学依据。[方法]依托水稻-冬小麦轮作体系,以常规施氮量(225 kg N hm^(...[目的]研究有机无机氮肥配比对南方稻麦轮作体系中水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为实现水旱轮作体系中水稻的高产高效和有机无机肥料的科学配施提供理论基础和科学依据。[方法]依托水稻-冬小麦轮作体系,以常规施氮量(225 kg N hm^(-2))为基准,在水稻季设置不施肥(CK)、100%化肥氮(CF)、75%化肥氮+25%有机肥氮(25%M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮(50%M)、25%化肥氮+75%有机肥氮(75%M)以及100%有机肥氮(100%M)6个处理,在第7个轮作周期水稻季分析水稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮素利用效率、氮平衡以及土壤碳氮含量的变化。[结果]相比对照处理,施肥处理提高了水稻的产量和吸氮量。水稻产量和籽粒吸氮量均随着有机肥占比的增加而呈先上升后下降的趋势。25%M处理下水稻产量和吸氮量最高,但与CF处理无显著差异。施肥处理的水稻氮素表观利用率变化范围在29.4%~50.0%之间,偏生产力范围为51.5~57.1 kg kg^(-1)之间,其中以25%M处理下氮素效率最高。相比对照处理,不同施肥处理均降低氮素内部利用率,但不同施肥处理之间无显著差异。与对照相比,CF处理降低了土壤pH,而有机无机肥配施条件下的土壤pH高于CF处理。在不同有机无机肥配施的处理中,提高有机肥占比能显著提高土壤全碳、全氮和无机氮含量。根据灰色关联分析,与稻米产量关联度从高到低的土壤因子依次为:铵态氮、全碳、全氮、硝态氮、pH。[结论]在常规施氮量的条件下,与单施化肥相比,施氮比例为25%有机肥+75%无机肥的配施方案,能够保证水稻籽粒产量、吸氮量和氮素利用效率不下降的前提下,提升土壤碳氮含量和缓解土壤酸化效应。因此,基于南方稻麦轮作体系长期试验的结果,有机无机肥配施处理,相较于纯化肥处理,具有更大的产量优势和减肥潜力。展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was investigated the rice yield, nitrogen uptake and ^15-fertilizer fate at different transplanting density to provide scientific ba- sis for improving the yield of rice and applying ...[Objective] The aim of this study was investigated the rice yield, nitrogen uptake and ^15-fertilizer fate at different transplanting density to provide scientific ba- sis for improving the yield of rice and applying reasonably fertilizer. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different transplanting density on rice yield, nitrogen （N） absorption, sources of N uptake by rice and the N balance in the plant-soil systems by using ^15-labelled urea. [Result] There were no significant differences in rice yields and total N uptakes by rice between treatments 30 cm × 30 cm and 40 cm × 40 cm, but the yield of rice and total N absorption in the two treatments were remarkably higher than those in 50 cm × 50 cm treatment. The amounts of total N uptake by rice were in the range of 112.3-162.7 kg/hm2 in the three transplanting densities. The result showed that about 1/3 of the total N uptake by rice was supplied by application fertilizer and the other 2/3 was obtained from the soil N pool. The ^15N-labelled urea absorbed by rice, residual in soil and lost accounted for 16.3%-26.1%, 17.0%-20.9% and 53.0%-66.7% of the total fertilizer, respectively. A great deal of ^15N-labelled urea was lost during the rice growing season. [Conclusion] Considering the rice yield and environmental protection, the transplanting density of 30 cm×30 cm was recommended in the hilly area of Sichuan basin in the southwest China.展开更多
文摘[目的]研究有机无机氮肥配比对南方稻麦轮作体系中水稻产量、氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为实现水旱轮作体系中水稻的高产高效和有机无机肥料的科学配施提供理论基础和科学依据。[方法]依托水稻-冬小麦轮作体系,以常规施氮量(225 kg N hm^(-2))为基准,在水稻季设置不施肥(CK)、100%化肥氮(CF)、75%化肥氮+25%有机肥氮(25%M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮(50%M)、25%化肥氮+75%有机肥氮(75%M)以及100%有机肥氮(100%M)6个处理,在第7个轮作周期水稻季分析水稻产量、氮素吸收量、氮素利用效率、氮平衡以及土壤碳氮含量的变化。[结果]相比对照处理,施肥处理提高了水稻的产量和吸氮量。水稻产量和籽粒吸氮量均随着有机肥占比的增加而呈先上升后下降的趋势。25%M处理下水稻产量和吸氮量最高,但与CF处理无显著差异。施肥处理的水稻氮素表观利用率变化范围在29.4%~50.0%之间,偏生产力范围为51.5~57.1 kg kg^(-1)之间,其中以25%M处理下氮素效率最高。相比对照处理,不同施肥处理均降低氮素内部利用率,但不同施肥处理之间无显著差异。与对照相比,CF处理降低了土壤pH,而有机无机肥配施条件下的土壤pH高于CF处理。在不同有机无机肥配施的处理中,提高有机肥占比能显著提高土壤全碳、全氮和无机氮含量。根据灰色关联分析,与稻米产量关联度从高到低的土壤因子依次为:铵态氮、全碳、全氮、硝态氮、pH。[结论]在常规施氮量的条件下,与单施化肥相比,施氮比例为25%有机肥+75%无机肥的配施方案,能够保证水稻籽粒产量、吸氮量和氮素利用效率不下降的前提下,提升土壤碳氮含量和缓解土壤酸化效应。因此,基于南方稻麦轮作体系长期试验的结果,有机无机肥配施处理,相较于纯化肥处理,具有更大的产量优势和减肥潜力。
基金Supported by the Financial Breeding Fund for Young Scholars in Sichuan Province(2008QNJJ-016)Financial Fund for Excellent Gene Engineering Papers in Sichuan Province (2010LWJJ-008)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was investigated the rice yield, nitrogen uptake and ^15-fertilizer fate at different transplanting density to provide scientific ba- sis for improving the yield of rice and applying reasonably fertilizer. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different transplanting density on rice yield, nitrogen （N） absorption, sources of N uptake by rice and the N balance in the plant-soil systems by using ^15-labelled urea. [Result] There were no significant differences in rice yields and total N uptakes by rice between treatments 30 cm × 30 cm and 40 cm × 40 cm, but the yield of rice and total N absorption in the two treatments were remarkably higher than those in 50 cm × 50 cm treatment. The amounts of total N uptake by rice were in the range of 112.3-162.7 kg/hm2 in the three transplanting densities. The result showed that about 1/3 of the total N uptake by rice was supplied by application fertilizer and the other 2/3 was obtained from the soil N pool. The ^15N-labelled urea absorbed by rice, residual in soil and lost accounted for 16.3%-26.1%, 17.0%-20.9% and 53.0%-66.7% of the total fertilizer, respectively. A great deal of ^15N-labelled urea was lost during the rice growing season. [Conclusion] Considering the rice yield and environmental protection, the transplanting density of 30 cm×30 cm was recommended in the hilly area of Sichuan basin in the southwest China.
