水稻杂交种不同杂株率表现及其杂株对产量的影响

选用不同杂株率的9份Ⅱ优8006杂交种,2007年在桐城正季进行杂株类型及杂株率鉴定,其结果与海南鉴定结果进行比较,并对9个样品种植的小区进行产量测定。结果表明:海南鉴定的结果能够比较准确地反映Ⅱ优8006样品的杂株率,从不同时期杂株表现结果得知,在制种用母本杂株率较高情况下,花期不同时期去杂会导致所产杂交种杂株率差异显著:母本花期前期不去杂、后期去杂的杂株率最高,母本花期前期去杂、后期不及时去杂的杂株率次之,母本花期全程及时去杂的杂株率最低。通过计算得出,杂株对产量的影响幅度高于杂株率,667m2产量与杂株率的回归方程是y=572.0-7.8x。

贵州省迟熟杂交水稻新品种分析评价与展望

中迟熟水稻杂交种选育一直是贵州省水稻育种工作的重点,生产上中迟熟生态区应用的品种也较多。以代表贵州省最新育种水平的2007~2008两年区试迟熟组各育种单位选育参试新品种组合为试验材料,采用作物品种区域试验统计分析系统1.0和高稳系数（HSC）分析法对产量和主要性状指标进行数据分析,并对参试品种水平予以分析评价,提供迟熟水稻新品种市场信息,推荐未来生产主导品种或接替品种,并对其应用前景予以展望。

亚太地区杂交水稻研究动态

杂交水稻的研究主要集中在国际水稻研究所和18个国家的农业研究系统中。国际水稻所选育的许多杂交组合及亲本系正在一些亚洲国家中鉴定,中国、印度、日本及国际水稻所仍在不断地选育胞质不育系、光敏不育系和温敏不育系。中国的杂交水稻已于1992年被引入越南,目前约有10万hm^2;

“水稻雄花杀灭剂”的配制和使用方法

水稻为雌雄同花,自花授粉作物。如果要用杂交方法改良水稻品种,就要将母体水稻上的雄花杀灭,选用父本水稻的雄花才育可能对母体水稻的雌花进行授粉,从而获得较为优良的水稻杂交种。“水稻雄花杀灭剂”就是起这一作用的一仲新型制剂。为使杂交稻制种取得满意的效果,特将此剂的配制方法和使用方法介绍如下,供各地制种专业户参考使用。

怎样保管杂交稻种

怎样保管杂交稻种１、防混杂。目前农业生产上推广的水稻杂交种较多。而早、中、晚杂交种的生育期、生物学特性、栽培条件和栽培要点不同。农户购回杂交稻种子后，袋装种子要内外贴好标签，标明品种名称、类型、数量，进行单独保管贮藏。２、防霉变、杂交稻种子保管贮藏要...

Exploration and Innovation of Distant Hybridization Germplasm of Oryza sativa and Spartina alterniflora

[Objective] The aim was to explore salt-resistant Spartina alterniflora and high-yield rice with germplasm resource in order to create new salt-resistant rice species with dual-purpose of food and forage. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, re- searches on distant hybridization of Spartina alterniflora and Oryza Sativa have been conducted with method of distant hybridization breeding. On the other hand, break- through and combination techniques （four selected one） were adopted to find the new rice species, including techniques of planting and selection in seashore, cyto- logical detection and selection, phenotype selection of backcross, and molecular marker assisted selection. [Result] Success rate of distant hybridization from 2009 to 2010 was 1.39%. RAPD molecular identification of 7C14 and rice female parent of Zhongxiang No.l, seed 2 was carried on with distant hybridization of male parent of Spartina altemiflora （H）. The results showed that bands same with Spartina alterni- flora parents were found in RH-1-10K205-7C14xH, RH-2-8K157-7C14xH, and RH-13- 9H5-Zhongxaing No.1 xH. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hy- bridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina alterniflora. Female parent of rice 7K339, however, was under RAPD molecular identification with male parent of Spartina alterniflora. The result showed that bands same with Spartina alterniflora parents were found in RH-5-10K215, RH-6-8K48, RH- 12-9H9, RH-14-9H8 and RH-16-9H28. Considering absent situation in rice parents, distant hybridization strains above were found with same parental genetic element as Spartina altemiflora. Rest hybrid strains were found variance with Spartina alterniflora parents and rice parents in varying degrees. [Conclusion] New and excellent rice species of dual-purpose solves problem not only about salt-resistant species badly needed in coastal development and treatment of saline and alkaline land, but about fine fodder and roughage for herbivore, as well. What＇s more, this is of scientific significance in recourse utilization, efficiency improvement in agriculture, food security, and cultivation strategy.

Study on Mechanization Hybrid Rice Seed Production Technology and Combine Breeding Advances

[Objectives]Current hybrid rice seed production mechanization and a new kind of hybrid rice seed production mechanization using Bentazone sensitive lethal genes for mechanized seed production technology are introduced in this paper.[Method]Sensitive Restorer Bentazone lethal dose of filtering,parental and seed weight are bred combinations of several aspects of the system described,and presented mechanized seed technology new research directions.[Results]The method of using Bentazone sensitive lethal genes for mechanized seed production technology is feasible,economic,seed production and combination advantages.[Conclusions] Using Bentazone sensitive lethal genes for mechanized seed production technology is the new study direction of mechanic production.

The Application of Bentazon Susceptible Gene on Seed Production of Hybrid Rice

The seed production of male and female parent of ‘Hunzhi 1＇ contained bentazon susceptible gene was studied. The result showed that spraying 3. 375 L/hm2 48% bentazon aqua could control the self-pollinated fertilization rate below 1.0% and survival plant rate was 0. The spray of bentazon would not influence MC526 pollen vitality. Seed setting rate of female parent was not obvious different from that of control group with spraying bentazon aqua more than 3. 375 L/hm^2 from the sprouting appearing period to full heading stage. This demonstrated that bentazon aqua had no influence on seed setting rate during florescence of female parent. The weight ratio between male parent seeds and female parent seeds was 1 to 5, then seeds from parents with that weight ratio would be mixedly planted for seed production. With this weight ratio, relative proper structure of panicle and grain would be obtained ,panicle ratio was 1 to 4.3, glumous flowers ratio was 1 to 3.5. Cross seed-setting rate of female parent was 72.6% and seed production per hm^2 was 66 000 kg.

中国种子业的发展趋势

种子业是现代农业领域中最值得关注的行业之一,具有良好的发展前景和巨大的市场潜力。随着市场经济体制的日臻完善,中国种子业的现状已不能适应粮食生产的高速增长,将全方位地发生重大变化。种子产品由传统的高产型向商产、优质、专用、抗逆等综合性状好的高效型转变。目前,中国水稻、玉米、小麦三种主要农作物品种的基本格局是,水稻杂交种和常规种基本平分天下,杂交种占45%;玉米以杂交种为主,占总量的75%;小麦则绝大部分是常规种,全国仅有极小面积的杂交种试种。

Great progress in molecular breeding of hybrid rice in CNHRRDC

Elite maintainer lines and restorer lines have been developed by genomic DNA transformation,Analyses of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blotting have revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between new developed lines and its receptors, indicating that the special DNA fragment from distant relatives may be integrated into the genome of rice. And several combinations with the potential of super-high yield have been developed from these lines. Therefore, transformation of genomic DNA from distant relatives to the plant of a target receptor may open an avenue for breeding of super-hybrid rice.

Research Progress on Mechanized Mixed Sowing Seed Production Technology of Hybrid Rice

Hybrid rice planting has been widely popularized and applied in the world. However, the high cost of seed production and the complicated procedures have become a bottleneck in the development of hybrid rice. The research progress on mixed sowing seed production techniques of hybrid rice was introduced from the aspects of rice resources creation, breeding, sowing seed technology research and cost benefit analysis. The production technology of the new mixed seeding combina- tion ＂Xinhunyou 6＂ was investigated, including the research and validation of benta- zon treatment period and dosage, mixing ratio of male and female parents, and the comparative test of different different sowing methods, which revealed that the mechanization technology of seed production of hybrid rice was mature and feasible and would be one of the most important development trend of technological devel- opment of hybrid rice production.

RAPD Appraisal of Purity of the Hybrid Rice SY63

使用纯度低或真实性差的杂交种子会给农业生产造成极大损失。然而杂交种子的纯度无法单纯从种子形态上鉴别．本文首次采用ＲＡＰＤ特异扩增谱带做为分子标记对水稻杂交种纯度进行了鉴定。汕优６３杂交水稻种子由中国水稻研究所从某制种单位随机取样获得。珍汕９７Ａ不育系和明恢６３恢复系等品种由中国水稻研究所提供。在做形态观察的同时，分别取上述三种材料叶片制备ＤＮＡ作为初始模板ＤＮＡ。对３００个ＲＡＰＤ随机引物，经过三次多态性初筛复筛，发现随机引物Ｐ１８可以稳定地扩增出一条来源于父本明恢６３的０．８ｋｂ的特异条带。用Ｐ１８引物对１００株汕优６３杂交单株进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增，其中８３个获得了０．８ｋｂ特异条带（Ｆｉｇ．１ｕｐｐｅｒ）。分子杂交证明其结果是可靠的（Ｆｉｇ．１Ｌｏｗｅｒ）。以ＲＡＰＤ扩增结果为依据，对这１００株材料进行植株形态比较，发现那１７个不能扩增出特异条带的单株均为假杂种。说明该制种单位汕优６３的假种率为１７％。大大超过农业部的有关规定。应对其原因和后果进行追究。用Ｐ１８引物对１８种分别为籼粳及其中间型的常用稻种进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增鉴定，除明恢６３的亲本──圭６３０和中间型Ｐｃｃｏｓ，Ａｕｓ３７３具有０．８ｋｂ的特异条带?

Effects of Mechanized Transplanting and Fertilization Mode on Population Growth and Development of Male Parent in Seed Production of Hybrid Rice

In order to study the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode on population growth and development of the male parent in seed production of hybrid rice, three male parents, Huazhan, Shuhui 527 and R9311 were selected as materials. The male parents were transplanted by rice transplanter with two kinds of line spacing design, six lines with equal row spacing （20/25 cm x 30 cm） and wide and narrow spacing （20/25 cm x 40, 20 cm）, and artificial transplanting with equal row spacing （20/25 cm x 30 cm） was set as the control. The three fer- tilization modes were applying for one, two and three times. The flowering stage and panicle-spikelet structure of the male parent were investigated. The results showed that the effects of mechanized transplanting and fertilization mode were little on the duration from seeding to heading; the panicles and spikelets of the three male parents were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting. The tiller number was increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for two and three times. Wide and narrow spacing by machine planting and fertilizing for three times were suitable for Huazhan, which significantly increased the number of spikelets per unit area. Furthermore, the number of spikelets per unit area of Shuhui 527 and R9311 were significantly increased by mechanized transplanting and fertilizing for three times.

Study on High-yielding Seed Production Technologies of Japonica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the high-yielding seed production technologies of japonica hybrid rice. [Method] Key technologies affecting the seed production of japonica hybrid rice were investigated based on manual transplanting experiment, mechanical transplanting experiment, paclobutrazol chemical control experiment, leaf-clipping experiment, gibberellic acid treatment experiment and experiment of different row ratios of male and female parents. [Result] The duration from seeding to heading was significantly shortened with sowing date postponing. The sowing date of mechanical-transplanting parents should be 3 -4 d earlier than that of manual-transplanting parents. Spraying paclobutrazol had significantly control effect on plant height of rice seedlings, and the spraying dose should be determined based on the sensitivities of different parents to paclobutrazol, with an appropriate range of 600-900 g/hm2 . Leaf clipping had certain improving effect on the seed-setting rate. The appropriate spraying dose of gibberellin for japonica hybrid rice was 75-90 g/hm2 . The yield would be relatively high when row ratio of male and female parent was 6∶2. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for improving the yield of produced japonica hybrid rice seeds.

Exploration and Innovation of Distant Hybridization Germplasm of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.

Effects of Specific Gravity-based Seed Grading on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence and Grain Yield of Hybrid Rice

Using the commercial seeds of two hybrid rice varieties including Lu- liangyou 996 and Liangyoupeijiu as the materials, four specific gravity-based seed grading treatments, Le., the specific gravity of 〈1.0 （T1）, 1.0-1.09 （T2）, 1.1-1.19（T3） and ≥1.2 （T4）, by selection with different saline solutions, and the control without seed grading （CK） were designed to study the effects of seed grading on seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling quality and grain yield. The results showed that the treatments of T2, T3 and T4 had higher or significantly higher seed germination rate, germination index and vigor index, seedling emergence rate and adult seedling rate than the CK, while T1 had significantly lower values of these traits than the CK. Compared with the CK, the number of spikelets per pani- cle was found to be the main reason for the yield increase of these treatments with high seed viability.

Effects of Water Deficit and Increased Nitrogen Application in the Late Growth Stage on Physiological Characters of Anti-aging of Leaves in Different Hybrid Rice Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of water and fertilizer regulation on the function of leaves in the filling stage. [Method] Six hybrid rice vari- eties including prematurely aged types and non-prematurely aged ones were selected as experimental materials. Limiting water treatment （with soil water potential of about -25 kpa） and increasing nitrogen treatment （additional 10% of granular nitrogen fertiliz- er in addition to limiting water treatment） were applied after heading to analyse the rates of aging and physiological responses of anti-aging in different hybrid rice vari- eties under water deficit and increased nitrogen conditions taking regular water and fertilizer as control. [Result] The results showed that water deficit accelerated the leaf senescence, and prematurely aged types-＇Zhongyou838＇, ＇Tianyou998＇ and ＇Long- ping601 ＇-were more markedly affected by water deficit, of which the rates of chloro- phyll degradation were 6%-8% higher compared to that in another three hybrids. In- creasing nitrogen treatment raised chlorophyll content and slowed down its degrada- tion. Water deficit caused the increase of abscisic acid （ABA） content to obviously varying degrees in leaves of six hybried rice varieties. Responses of ABA content in six hybried rice varieties to increased nitrogen fertilizer were not consistent. Except in ＇Zhongyou838＇, ABA content in the other five hybrids had varying degrees of in- crease. The responses of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different hybried rice varieties were inconsistent. In response to increased nitrogen fertilizer in combination with water deficit, the activity of each antioxidant enzyme changed differently. Water deficit enhanced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves of each hybrid rice. The correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was extremely signifi- cantly positively correlated to the resistance of each antioxidant enzyme; SOD activity in leaves also positively related to ABA content. [Conclusion] The rate of leaf aging, physiological activity of anti-aging, and response to water deficit varied in different hy- bried rice varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes were not all induced to improve by ABA. SOD activity can be an indicator of resistance to stress. Increasing nitrogen ap- plication significantly postponed leave senescence in the late growth stage of rice.

High-yielding Seed Production Techniques of Disease-resistant and High-quality Hybrid Rice Sterile Line Rong 18A

Rong 18A, bred by Crop Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agri- culture and Forestry Sciences is a new blast-highly resistant and high-combining ability hybrid rice sterile line. It is currently one of the male sterile lines in Sichuan Province which combine well high grain quality and rice blast resistance. More than 20 combinations of Rong 18A have passed the national and provincial variety iden- tification. Combined with the climate conditions in Chengdu, the key points of high- yielding seed production techniques for Rong18A are analyzed and summarized in this paper.

Performance and Cultivation Techniques of a Promising Super Hybrid Rice Combination Chaoyou 1000 in High-latitude Area

The performance and cultivation techniques of Chaoyou 1000 in Junan County, Shandong Province were summed up.

Effects of Supplementary Pollination by Single-rotor Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Hybrid Rice Seed Production

In 2012-2015, under the conditions of different natural wind speeds, the single-rotor agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle was used for the supplementary pollination during seed production of 10 hybrid combinations with big parental row ratios in the hybrid rice seed production bases of Hunan, Hainan and Guangdong Province, and the pollination effects were studied through the investigation of pollen density in the field, outcrossing seeding rate of female parent and seed production yield. The results showed that under the parental row ratio of 6：（40-60）, the seed setting rate and yields of the supplementary pollination by single-rotor agricultural UAV could reach and even higher than those of artificial pollination, indicating the single-rotor agricultural UAV could be used in supplementary pollination for hybdd rice seed production, which could promote the whole-process mechanization of seed production.