The optimal operation of water distribution networks under local pipe failures, such as water main breaks, was proposed. Based on a hydraulic analysis and a simulation of water distribution networks, a macroscopic mod...The optimal operation of water distribution networks under local pipe failures, such as water main breaks, was proposed. Based on a hydraulic analysis and a simulation of water distribution networks, a macroscopic model for a network under a local pipe failure was established by the statistical regression. After the operation objectives under a local pipe failure were determined, the optimal operation model was developed and solved by the genetic algorithm. The program was developed and examined by a city distribution network. The optimal operation alternative shows that the electricity cost is saved approximately 11%, the income of the water corporation is increased approximately 5%, and the pressure in the water distribution network is distributed evenly to ensure the network safe operation. Therefore, the proposed method for optimal operation under local pipe failure is feasible and cost-effective.展开更多
A double-sensor probe was used to measure local interfacial parameters of a gas-liquid bubbly flow in a horizontal tube. The parameters included void fraction, interfacial concentration, bubble size distribution, bubb...A double-sensor probe was used to measure local interfacial parameters of a gas-liquid bubbly flow in a horizontal tube. The parameters included void fraction, interfacial concentration, bubble size distribution, bubble frequency and bubble interface velocity. The authors paid special attention to the probe design and construction for minimizing measurement errors. Measures were also taken in the design of sensor ends for preventing corrosions in the flow. This is an effort to improve the current double-sensor probe technique to meet the ever-increasing needs to local parameter measurements in gas-liquid two-phase flows.展开更多
State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（SATCM）,jointly with National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）,issued results of survey on healthcare literacy of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）...State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（SATCM）,jointly with National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）,issued results of survey on healthcare literacy of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）on March 31.展开更多
The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. Th...The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. This system contains natural sub-creeks as drainage channels discharging overflow to nearby creeks, an open green trench, a storage pond, and natural sub-creeks. The sub -creeks were designed to be integrated into community landscape, which not only increases the efficiency of water usage, but also improves the aesthetic qualities of the community residence area as required by Agenda 21. This research proved the feasibility of an open storm water collection and utilization system for the design of a community water system.展开更多
This article offers a brief description of the water resources situation of the Kingdom of Thailand, a country with a population of over 65 million people and a surface area of 513,120 km^2. The average annual rainfal...This article offers a brief description of the water resources situation of the Kingdom of Thailand, a country with a population of over 65 million people and a surface area of 513,120 km^2. The average annual rainfall is 1,430 mm and the total water resources are estimated at 215,000 Mm^3 （million of m^3）-year^-1. The hydric demand in the country is 70,000 Mm^3.year^-1, 6% of which is groundwater in origin. Over 70% of the water is used for agriculture. Thailand is the world＇s leading exporter of rice. The main problems faced by the Water Authority in Thailand are pollution, floods and droughts, depending on the geographical zone. From the hydrogeological point of view, the Central Plain is the main groundwater reservoir in the nation. Intensive extraction of groundwater over a long period of time has caused three main problems： a decline in groundwater levels, land subsidence, and seawater intrusion. These problems have been especially pressing in the area known as Greater Bangkok.展开更多
基金Project(50278062) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(003611611)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China
文摘The optimal operation of water distribution networks under local pipe failures, such as water main breaks, was proposed. Based on a hydraulic analysis and a simulation of water distribution networks, a macroscopic model for a network under a local pipe failure was established by the statistical regression. After the operation objectives under a local pipe failure were determined, the optimal operation model was developed and solved by the genetic algorithm. The program was developed and examined by a city distribution network. The optimal operation alternative shows that the electricity cost is saved approximately 11%, the income of the water corporation is increased approximately 5%, and the pressure in the water distribution network is distributed evenly to ensure the network safe operation. Therefore, the proposed method for optimal operation under local pipe failure is feasible and cost-effective.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59876032)and the Doctorate Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University(DFXJU-17).
文摘A double-sensor probe was used to measure local interfacial parameters of a gas-liquid bubbly flow in a horizontal tube. The parameters included void fraction, interfacial concentration, bubble size distribution, bubble frequency and bubble interface velocity. The authors paid special attention to the probe design and construction for minimizing measurement errors. Measures were also taken in the design of sensor ends for preventing corrosions in the flow. This is an effort to improve the current double-sensor probe technique to meet the ever-increasing needs to local parameter measurements in gas-liquid two-phase flows.
文摘State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（SATCM）,jointly with National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）,issued results of survey on healthcare literacy of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）on March 31.
文摘The authors designed an ecological storm water system in a residential area to replace the conventional underground channels for the collection of storm water so as to reduce the nutrients and sediments discharged. This system contains natural sub-creeks as drainage channels discharging overflow to nearby creeks, an open green trench, a storage pond, and natural sub-creeks. The sub -creeks were designed to be integrated into community landscape, which not only increases the efficiency of water usage, but also improves the aesthetic qualities of the community residence area as required by Agenda 21. This research proved the feasibility of an open storm water collection and utilization system for the design of a community water system.
文摘This article offers a brief description of the water resources situation of the Kingdom of Thailand, a country with a population of over 65 million people and a surface area of 513,120 km^2. The average annual rainfall is 1,430 mm and the total water resources are estimated at 215,000 Mm^3 （million of m^3）-year^-1. The hydric demand in the country is 70,000 Mm^3.year^-1, 6% of which is groundwater in origin. Over 70% of the water is used for agriculture. Thailand is the world＇s leading exporter of rice. The main problems faced by the Water Authority in Thailand are pollution, floods and droughts, depending on the geographical zone. From the hydrogeological point of view, the Central Plain is the main groundwater reservoir in the nation. Intensive extraction of groundwater over a long period of time has caused three main problems： a decline in groundwater levels, land subsidence, and seawater intrusion. These problems have been especially pressing in the area known as Greater Bangkok.
