芜湖市城东水系开发与保护研究

随着我国经济的大力发展,政府部门也越来越重视城市水系的开发和保护。文章针对芜湖市城东水系的开发与保护展开详细研究,并制定周密的工作计划,以期在水系开发和保护领域能得出更多结论和政策,共同进步。

惟有源头活水来——黄柏河水系开发游记

37年前，作者作为当年筑坝的民兵，参与了黄柏河流域梯级开发万人大会战。2012年11月，又应当地水电部门之邀，重游了黄柏河流域，参观了流域内的天福庙、西北口、尚家河水库及电站。本文以游记的形式记录了作者故地重游的所见所闻所想。

园林景观设计中低影响开发排水系统的设计与实践

本文围绕着低影响开发(Low Impact Development, LID)排水系统的创建及应用,特别是在园林景观设计领域展开研究。对于传统城市排水系统所面临的难题,比如对于雨水的不当管理、地下水的污染以及生态环境的破坏,有详尽分析。对LID排水系统作为环保型排水方式,也有其理论依据的研究。揭示了LID排水系统在园林景观设计中具体运用,形式多样,如雨水花园和透水性铺装,雨水蓄滞设施等出自之中。并对在实际运用中可能面临的困扰,提供了有效对策。研究结果显示,LID排水系统在园林景观设计中的应用很有潜力,对于实现城市的可持续发展具有重要意义。

南阳市中心城区内河水系梯级橡胶坝规划研究

南阳市中心城区的十二里河、三里河、梅溪河、温凉河、涌河、溧河等六条内河是南阳市城市水环境的重要载体。以白河城区段梯级橡胶坝工程建设的成功经验为借鉴,研究了在城区内河上进行梯级橡胶坝建设,继而带动内河水系开发及沿河两岸综合整治的规划方案不仅可行,而且也是南阳市实现"以河兴城"战略目标的关键所在。

Symbiotic State of Chinese Land-Marine Economy

The simultaneous development of both the land and marine-based economy is required to achieve the economic development of coastal regions in China. Based on symbiosis theory, this study discusses land and marine-based economic symbiosis mechanisms and uses a logistic symbiotic function to construct a symbiotic evolution model of the land-marine economy. We conduct a division and feature analysis of the interactive model between the land and marine-based economies of ll provinces （or cities） along the coast of China between 1996 and 2013, and discuss their economic development. The results show that, during the study period, the coordinated development model of the national land-marine economy is a parabiosis model. Fujian Province exhibits mutualism, Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, and Guangdong show commensalism, while Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Shanghai display parasitism, Guangxi and Hainan exhibit an antibiosis model, while Liaoning displays a parabiosis model. The land economic development model of Jiangsu and Fujian and the marine economic development model of Guangdong are improving the quality and efficiency of the factors of production. All other provinces＇ development models improve the productivity of the production factors to expand the scale of production.

A watershed-based adaptive knowledge system for developing ecosystem stakeholder partnerships

This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem management.WAKES is extended from the institutional mechanism of Payments for Improving Ecosystem Services at the Watershed-scale(PIES-W).PIES-W is designed relating to the governance of ecosystem services flows focused on a lake as a resource stock connecting its inflowing and outflowing rivers within its watershed.It explicitly realizes the values of conservation services provided by private land managers and incorporates their activities into the public organizing framework for ecosystem management.It implicitly extends the "upstream-to-downstream" organizing perspective to a broader vision of viewing the ecosystems as comprised of both "watershed landscapes" and "marine landscapes".Extended from PIES-W,WAKES specifies two corresponding feedback:Framework I and II.Framework I is a relationship matrix comprised of three input-output structures of primary governance factors intersecting three subsystems of a watershed with regard to ecosystem services and human stakeholders.Framework II is the Stakeholder-and-Information structure channeling five types of information among four stakeholder groups in order to enable the feedbacks mechanism of Framework I.WAKES identifies the rationales behind three fundamental information transformations,illustrated with the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Program of the Bermejo River Binational Basin.These include(1) translating scientific knowledge into public information within the Function-and-Service structure corresponding to the ecological subsystem,(2) incorporating public perceptions into political will within the Serviceand-Value structure corresponding to the economic subsystem,and(3) integrating scientific knowledge,public perceptions and political will into management options within the Value-and-Stakeholder structure corresponding to the social subsystem.This study seeks to share a vision of social adaptation for a global sustainable future through developing a network to adopt contributions from and forming partnerships among all ecosystem stakeholders.

Development and application of a system for the analysis of atmospheric, water and sediment nitrogen and carbon

Eutrophication and climate change, key environmental concerns, are both linked to the carbon and nitrogen cycles hence the improved understanding of these cycles is essential. Currently, there is no system that simultaneously measures the fluxes of the three key gas phase products of nitrogen and carbon cycling （CO2, CH4 and N2O） in submerged ecosystems with hourly time resolution. A ＂Lake-in-a-box＂ （mesocosm） was developed in the laboratory which allowed the monitoring of key components of the carbon and nitrogen cycles within the air, water and sediments. The approach is automated, simple and time efficient and novel in its ability to examine many different carbon and nitrogen compounds in all three physical component of the ＂lake＂. Dramatic fluctuations in gaseous flux and the concentrations of overlying water and sedimentary carbon and nitrogen compounds were noted over a three week period. These were split into five distinct phases which were linked to changes in sedimentary N and C cycling. The results highlighted the important of links between the two cycles and supported recent studies showing that estuarine sediments can act as both a source and a sink of nitrogen.

Monitoring Local Impervious Surface Trends Using Indices Derived from Property Tax and Several Landsat Datasets

Human economic and social needs can be in conflict with ecosystem needs. Land development increases impervious surfaces causing significant negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Many impervious surface estimates are derived from remote sensing data, developed by using different methods and often out of date. Remote sensing data is often at scales applicable to regional management, but not local planning decisions. To date, no standardized annual dataset of percent impervious surface exists for use at both local and watershed scales. Effective communication between natural resource managers and local planners has been lacking. One solution is to monitor percent impervious surface with a relative index rather than direct measure. A relative index model can use a currency, like foundation square feet per hectare, which is useful for all decision makers. One data source for developing a relative index of impervious surface is property tax data. These data document annual land development at local scale. Here, the author presents the use of Maryland property tax data to index land development and percent impervious surface.

Developing Flow Pressure Drop and Friction Factor of Water in Copper Microchannels

Experiments of de-ionized water flowing in microchannels made in copper blocks were carried out to obtain pressure drop and friction factor and to investigate any possible discrepancies from conventional theory. Three channels with widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.71 mm, a depth of 0.39 mm and a length of 62 mm were tested. For adiabatic tests, the temperature of the working fluid was maintained at 30 ℃, 60 ℃ and 90 ℃ without any heat fluxes supplied to the test section. The experimental conditions covered a range of Reynolds numbers from 234 to 3,430. For non-adiabatic tests, the inlet temperature and heat flux applied were 30 ℃ and 147 kW/m2 and only for the 0.635 mm channel. The friction factors obtained for the widest channel （Dh = 0.635 mm） are reported for both adiabatic and non-adiabatic experiments to assess possible temperature effects. The paper focuses on the effect of hydraulic diameter on pressure drop and friction factor over the experimental conditions. The pressure drop was found to decrease as the inlet temperature was increased, while the friction factors for the three test sections did not show significant differences. The experimental friction factors were in reasonable agreement with conventional developing flow theory. The effect of temperature on friction factor was not considerable as the friction factor with and without heat flux was almost the same.

Risk analysis for a cascade reservoir system using the brittle risk entropy method

The principal means of conserving water and utilizing hydropower in China is to exploit the use of a series of reservoirs in a cascade. This method and its inherent engineering safety problems are receiving increasing attention nowadays. In the field of engineering safety analysis, much work has focused on single reservoir projects in the past few years, but there is little research available on the safety risk analysis of cascade reservoirs, either within China or internationally. Therefore, a framework for risk analysis on the cascade reservoir system based on the theory of system engineering is constructed in this article. A cascading failure model is established and the connection degree factor discussed. In addition, the importance degree of the subsystem, which can be calculated by combining the analytical hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, is explained. According to brittleness theory of a complex system, brittle risk entropy is proposed as a performance index for measuring the collapse uncertainty of the cascade reservoir system. In addition, the brittle risk of the cascade reservoir system is predicted, which provides a reference for safety analysis in water conservation and hydropower construction projects in China.