两种水系覆盖对富硫煤矸石的原位污染控制效果研究

为评价水系覆盖对富硫煤矸石污染物质溶出的控制效果,采用天然水、粉煤灰浆液、垃圾渗滤液分别设置为对照、碱性水系覆盖、有机水系覆盖3种方式对富硫煤矸石进行浸没处理,处理周期1.5 a。结果表明：天然水对照处理上覆水样中有较低的p H（2.5~4.0）、较高的EC、Eh,同时富含Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等金属离子及SO2-4和F-等阴离子,呈现出矿山酸性废水的一般特征。相对对照处理,碱性水系覆盖和有机水系覆盖处理上覆水样中有较高的p H（中性偏碱）和相对较低的Eh,能极显著降低上覆水样中的Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的溶出,同时对SO2-4和F-也有明显的抑制效果。两种水系覆盖上覆水样中的溶出离子并没有显著性差异,但碱性水系覆盖对于金属离子的溶出表现出更好的控制效果。因此,碱性水系覆盖和有机水系覆盖等水系覆盖处理技术是一种可用于富硫煤矸石污染原位控制的有效途径。

两种水系覆盖对富硫煤矸石的原位污染控制效果

为评价水系覆盖对富硫煤矸石污染物质溶出的控制效果,采用天然水、粉煤灰浆液、垃圾渗滤液设置对照、碱性水系覆盖、有机水系覆盖3种方式对富硫煤矸石进行浸没处理,处理周期1.5年。结果表明:对照处理上覆水样中有较低的p H(2.5~4.0)、较高的EC、Eh,同时富含Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等金属离子及SO^(2-)_4和F^-等阴离子,呈现出矿山酸性废水的一般特征。相对比于对照处理,结合统计数据表明,碱性水系覆盖和有机水系覆盖处理上覆水样中有较高的p H(中性偏碱)和相对较低的Eh,能极显著降低上覆水样中的Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的溶出,同时对SO^(2-)_4和F^-也有明显的抑制效果。两种水系覆盖上覆水样中的溶出离子并没有显著性差异,但碱性水系覆盖对于金属离子的溶出表现出更好的控制效果。因此,碱性水系覆盖和有机水系覆盖等水系覆盖处理技术是一种可用于富硫煤矸石污染原位控制的有效途径。

城市化视角下高密度建设区域通风潜力分析——以上海市中心城区为例

随着城市化的推进,城市的下垫面情况发生了巨大的改变,从过往的农田、水系、绿地变为建筑、道路等人工环境。城市下垫面的改变,将对城市的通风潜力造成较大影响,进而影响到城市热岛、大气污染、室外舒适度等问题。传统城市规划中,主要着眼于土地的空间利用,而较少考虑城市通风潜力问题。在全球气候变化影响下,上海作为高密度发展的代表性城市,未来将面临较大的气候风险,在此背景下,本文通过建筑密度、建筑高度、水系覆盖率、绿地覆盖率四个指标及其综合影响对上海展开城市通风潜力研究,并结合未来的规划发展提出建议,具有重要的现实与指导意义。

SNOW COVER MONITORING BY REMOTE SENSING AND SNOWMELT RUNOFF CALCULATION IN THE UPPER HUANGHE RIVER BASIN

The upper Huanghe(Yellow) River basin is situated in the northeast of the Qinghai Xizang(Tibet)Plateau of China. The melt water from the snow cover is main water supply for the rivers in the region during springtime and other arid regions of the northwestern China, and the hydrological conditions of the rivers are directly controlled by the snowmelt water in spring. So snowmelt runoff forecast has importance for hydropower, flood prevention and water resources utilization. The application of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in snow cover monitoring and snowmelt runoff calculation in the upper Huanghe River basin are introduced amply in this paper. The key parameter-snow cover area can be computed by satellite images from multi platform, multi temporal and multi spectral. A cluster of snow cover data can be yielded by means of the classification filter method. Meanwhile GIS will provide relevant information for obtaining the parameters and also for zoning. According to the typical samples extracting snow covered mountainous region, the snowmelt runoff calculation models in the upper Huanghe River basin are presented and they are mentioned in detail also. The runoff snowmelt models based on the snow cover data from NOAA images and observation data of runoff, precipitation and air temperature have been satisfactorily used for predicting the inflow to the Longyangxia Reservoir , which is located at lower end of snow cover region and is one of the largest reservoirs on the upper Huanghe River, during late March to early June. The result shows that remote sensing techniques combined with the ground meteorological and hydrological observation is of great potential in snowmelt runoff forecasting for a large river basin. With the development of remote sensing technique and the progress of the interpretation method, the forecast accuracy of snowmelt runoff will be improved in the near future. Large scale extent and few stations are two objective reality situations in China, so they should be considered in simulation and forecast. Apart from dividing, the derivation of snow cover area from satellite images would decide the results of calculating runoff. Field investigation for selection of the learning samples of different snow patterns is basis for the classification.