陆相盆地古源-汇系统定量重建、级次划分及耦合模式

陆相盆地古源-汇系统定量重建、级次划分及耦合模式是还原深时盆地剥蚀和沉积过程的重要研究内容。陆相盆地古源-汇系统物源区定量重建难点主要包含古地貌重建和古水系重建。古地貌重建新技术的发展提出了基于剥蚀区、超剥区(剥蚀和超覆作用共同作用区)和超覆区为框架,残余地貌重建、差异沉降校正、超剥区恢复、剥蚀区恢复和沉积古地貌恢复流程的“三区五步”恢复方法。古水系重建方面提出了基于ArcGIS系统的古水系定量恢复和拾取方法。陆相盆地古源-汇系统级次划分的代表方法是“三线三级”法,关键是拾取分水岭、分水线和脊线,进而划分一级、二级、三级古源-汇系统。基于重建的古源-汇系统物源区流域单元与沉积区沉积体的面积、形态组合、配置关系,建立了“哑铃型”“球拍型”“奖杯型”和“标枪型”4种古源-汇系统耦合模式。研究成果对古源-汇系统定量化研究和勘探目标评价、预测具有一定的参考价值。

柴汶河河流袭夺前水系的重建

分水岭迁移和河流袭夺是河流演化研究中的一个重要内容.针对柴汶河袭夺河流域进行袭夺前水系的重建与恢复的问题,首先,基于ArcGIS软件对分辨率为30 m的原始DEM数据进行处理,利用均值变点分析法确定柴汶河袭夺河流域的最佳集水面积阈值,提取与实际较为符合的河网水系;然后,基于二次曲线内插法相似原理对被连接分水线所途经的栅格单元重新赋值;最后,以流域地貌特征演化对河流袭夺机理佐以验证.研究结果表明:当集水面积阈值为0.54 km^(2)时,提取的河网水系最接近于实际水系;利用内插法等算法得到的结果可知,通过抬高袭夺处的高程来重建恢复袭夺前水系流域的方法是科学可行的.根据其流域地貌演化可知,古柴汶河上游的河流纵比降大于古沂河上游,对应的下蚀和溯源侵蚀能力强,故易能首先切穿分水岭,袭夺古沂河上游.

高原高寒砂金矿区生态修复治理模式与关键技术

我国西藏地区历史遗留废弃矿山数量众多,因其地处高原高寒,生态修复难度大、周期长。该文以西藏某矿区为例,针对高原高寒矿区面临的地质安全隐患、草地退化、土地损坏、水系破坏、水土流失等矿山生态问题,基于辅助再生、后期管护和监测的综合技术措施等关键技术,提出水系重建与分区治理的模式,可为高原高寒地区废弃矿山生态环境修复提供一定的参考价值。

An Unsteady Heterogeneous Mass Transfer Model for Gas Absorption Enhanced by Dispersed Third Phase Droplets

A model for one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous mass transfer was developed based on Danck-werts' surface renewal theory in order to describe the mass transfer enhancement of absorption process for a slightly soluble gas in a gas-liquid-liquid system.The model accounts for the mass transfer resistance within the dispersed phase and the effect of emulsion viscosity on mass transfer.An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained by Laplace domain transformation.The absorption rates of carbon dioxide in the dodecane-in-water and castor oil-in-water systems were measured in a thermostatic reactor,and the enhancement factors were calculated at different volume fractions of dispersed phase and stirrer speeds.The model predictions agree well with the experimental data.

Comparison of Reconstruction System of the Queensland Flood and of the East Japan Great Earthquake

The natural disasters struck northeast Australia between November 2010 and February 2011. The QLD （Queensland） State Government has established the Queensland Reconstruction Authority within one month. Recovery works in QLD seem to be very smooth, and transfer phase to the normal civil works is going to start. Eastern Japan also attacked by the great earthquake and following Tsunami on March 11, 2011. Japanese Government, however, established the Reconstruction Agency almost one year after the event. The reconstruction of the disaster area is still on the halfway. This paper aims to find out the differences between two countries from the viewpoints of organization, planning process and financial conditions.

Using Condensed Water of Air Conditioners for Toilet Flushing： A Case Study in Brazil

Within the concept of sustainable construction, with sensible and conscious use of finite natural resources, every effort to save and reuse raw-materials is considered an important step to be adopted in buildings, from project, implantation and construction to operation and maintenance throughout their lifecycle. This study aims at showing the application of a system that reuses condensed water drained from air-conditioner evaporators （which are usually disposed of）, and a plan to use this water for toilet flushing, reducing consumption of treated water bought from water companies. The authors verified that each air-conditioner specified in the project of a commercial building--used as reference here--produces 4.8 L of water per hour of operation. This result in a daily accumulated volume of 4,290 L, which represents a significant part of the amount needed to supply all the toilets in the building. A water capture system located at a strategic intermediate floor would be able to store this water and pump it into a special reservoir on the roof of the building, to be distributed into toilet flush pipes. By applying this technology, the authors seek to considerably reduce the expected treated water consumption and consequently decrease water bill costs.

近百年来渭干-库车绿洲灌渠变动对地表水系格局的影响

基于大比例尺的老旧地图、近代新疆地区水利志书、调查报告等历史文献资料与DEM影像,运用老地图河流信息提取、网络分析等方法,对近百年来渭干-库车绿洲灌渠结构变动及地表水系格局进行重建并分析。结果表明:1)1900至1990年代,灌渠呈结构简单化,规整化,硬化发展。2)20世纪50、60年代之后灌区进行的较大规模的渠系改造活动对地表水系格局产生强烈影响,包括河流流程、河流形态与水系形状、水系结构等方面。3)地表水系格局变动直接作用于河网调蓄洪水的能力。当前新疆地区的渠系建设应注重与区域自然河流之间的协调。

16世纪末以来北运河水系演变及驱动因素

在对河流水系演变与人类社会发展关系进行归纳总结的基础上,基于历史文献和数字高程模型数据,提取16世纪末至今北运河流域水系4个年份断面(1582年、1820年、1933年和2011年)。同时确定河网分级、进行水文分析,计算水系结构参数。结果表明,16世纪末至今,北运河流域范围逐步缩小,水系格局由亚树枝状向混合状形态演变。1582—1820年是河流长度发育、河流数量、支流发育系数与河网复杂度增加最为显著的阶段,反映了河流主干化的趋势,人类对河流连续性干扰较深。而洪涝引起的水系变动以及人类增加水源、开挖引河、筑堤坝等活动,是水系结构改变的主要原因。