Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries:A review

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.

可再生纤维素资源酶法降解的研究进展

对纤维素原料的预处理技术、纤维素酶生产以及纤维素的酶解工程等方面的研究现状与最新进展进行了综述。作者在文献调研及近年来科研工作积累的基础上，对可再生纤维素资源酶法降解研究以及今后的发展趋势和努力方向提出了自己的观点。

Design Energy Efficient Water Utilization Systems Allowing Operation Split

This article deals with the design of energy efficient water utilization systems allowing operation split. Practical features such as operating flexibility and capital cost have made the number of sub operations an important parameter of the problem. By treating the direct and indirect heat transfers separately, target freshwater and energy consumption as well as the operation split conditions are first obtained. Subsequently, a mixed integer non-linear programming （MINLP） model is established for the design of water network and the heat exchanger network （HEN）. The proposed systematic approach is limited to a single contaminant. Example from literature is used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.

Halogen-Driven Bandgap Opening in Graphdiyne for Overall Photocatalytic Water Splitting

In this work,we studied the electronic band structure of the halogen(F,Cl,and Br)functionalized graphdiynes(GDYs)by using hybrid density functional theory.The results revealed that the bandgap energies of modified GDYs increase as the number of halogen atoms increases.It is also found that the position of the valence band maximum(VBM)is influenced by the electronegativity of halogen atoms.The higher the electronegativity,the deeper the VBM of the GDYs modified by the same number of halogen atoms.Importantly,our results revealed that the bandgap of GDY could be effectively tuned by mixing types of halogen atoms.The new generated conduction band and valence band edges are properly aligned with the oxidation and reduction potentials of water.Further thermodynamic analysis confirms that some models with mixing types of halogen atoms exhibit higher performance of overall photocatalytic water splitting than non-mixing models.This work provides useful insights for designing efficient photocatalysts that can be used for overall water splitting.

Improvement of Cellulose Hydrolysis Process and Cost Savings

The hydrolysis process to obtain the so-called ＂reducing sugars＂ represents the main step involved in the production of the second generation bioethanol. This product can be obtained directly from various types of green biomass, replacing the use of cereals cultivations, with obvious benefits to the environment and the economy of agricultural production. However, it is necessary to improve the hydrolysis process of the cellulose to achieve this goal. To this purpose, we applied a chemical process formerly used. The values of sugars yield were increased by about 40% with respect to the previous study. Further significant cost savings were accomplished, resulting from the recovery of the by-product, calcium sulfate, commercially known as gypsum.

Hazard Mitigation Planning for Debris flow Based on Numerical Simulation Using Kanako Simulator

Debris flow often causes enormous loss to life and property,especially on alluvial fans.Engineering structures such as retention check dams are essential to reduce the damage.In hazard mitigation evaluation and planning it is of significance to determine the location,size and type of dam and the effects of damage mitigation.We present a numerical simulation method using Kanako simulator for hazard mitigation planning of debris flow disaster in Tanjutani Gully,Kyoto City,Japan.The simulations were carried out for three situations:1) the simulations of erosion,deposition,hydrograph changing and inundation when there were no mitigation measures;2) the simulations of check dams in four locations(470 m,810 m,1,210 m and 1,610 m from the upstream end) to identify the best location;3) the simulations of check dams of three types(closed,slit and grid) to analyze their effects on sediment trapping and discharge reduction.Based on the simulations,it was concluded that two closed check dams(located at 470 m and 1,610 m from the upstream end) in the channel and a drainage channel on the alluvial fan can reduce the risk on the alluvial fan to an acceptable level.

Ground stress and its impact on the stability of the surrounding rock in the Lüliang mining area

Ground stress is the fundamental cause of deformation and failure during underground structural engineering. Field stress measurements in the main coal bed in the Lueliang mining area were made by the bore hole, stress relief method. From these data the ground stress distribution of the mining area was obtained. The relationship between the horizontal principal stress and the deformation and failure of a roadway is discussed with an engineering example. The results indicate that horizontal stress dominates in the shallow crust in the Ltiliang mining area. Roadways at different angles to the maximum principal stress have different levels of stress concentration. This leads to a significant difference in stability of the corresponding roadways. These research results provide an important criterion for determining roadway position and direction, stope layout, and roadway support design.

Decomposition of Benzo （a） Pyrene on Artificial Sea Water Using UV/Photocatalytic Oxidation Process

In recent years, serious heavy oil pollution has frequently occurred in the ocean. Heavy oil has escaped from grounded oil carrier and drifted ashore. Drifted heavy oil contains hazardous chemical such as benzo （a） pyrene and other poly aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. These hazardous chemicals have worse affected on sea plants and animals. Thus, it is important to develop effective elimination of hazardous chemicals or drifted petroleum from sea shore. In this study, we have investigated the decomposition of benzo （a） pyrene on artificial sea water using UV/photocatalytic oxidation process. From this study, it was found that about 90% of benzo （a） pyrene on artificial seawater was decomposed by UV/photocatalytic oxidation process. And there were no by-product from decomposition of benzo （a） pyrene. It was supposed that benzo （a） pyrene was completely decomposed using UV/photocatalytic oxidation process.

Morphological and structural engineering in amorphous Cu2MoS4 nanocages for remarkable electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Morphological and structural control of amorphous nanomaterials is challenging due to the long-range disordered atomic arrangements. Herein, we firstly propose a controllable self-hydrolyzing etching-precipitating (SHEP) method to fabricate the regular-shaped amorphous Cu2MoS4 nanocages (a-Cu2MoS4 NCs) with hollow porous structures under ambient conditions. Benefitting from the hollow porous structures and the amorphous characteristics with copious sulfur vacancies, the a-Cu2MoS4 NCs possess more enhanced activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than their crystalline counterparts. The octahedral a-Cu2MoS4 NCs with a shell thickness of 20 nm, which balance the appropriate surface porosity and good structural stability, exhibit the best HER activity with a low overpotential of 96 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 and a small tafel slope of 61 mV decade^-1 in alkaline environment. Moreover, this method is very versatile and can be extended to synthesize other ternary nanocages. Our current work may shed light on the precise controllable synthesis of various ternary nanocages and open a new frontier for developing highly active amorphous catalysts.

Crystal facet engineering of perovskite cobaltite with optimized electronic regulation for water splitting

The correlation between crystal facets and electronic configurations of perovskite is closely related to the intrinsic activity for water splitting.Herein,we proposed a unique molten-salt method(MSM)to manipulate the electronic properties of LaCoO_(3) by fine-tuning its crystal facet and atomic doping.LaCoO_(3) samples with oriented(110)(LCO(110))and(111)(LCO(111))facets were motivated by a capping agent(Sr^(2+)).Compared with the LCO(111)plane,the LCO(110)and Sr-doped LCO(111)(LSCO(111))planes possessed higher O 2p positions,stronger Co 3d-O 2p covalencies,and higher Co spin states by inducing CoO_(6) distortion,thus leading to superior oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performances.Specifically,the overpotentials at 10 mA cm^(−2) were 299,322,and 289 mV for LCO(110),LCO(111),and LSCO(111),respectively.In addition,the(110)crystal facet and Sr substitution bestowed enhanced stability on LaCoO_(3) due to the strengthened Co-O bonding.The present work enlightens new avenues of regulating electronic properties by crystal facet engineering and atom doping and provides a valuable reference for the electron structure-electrocatalytic activity connection for OER and HER.

Field observation of total dissolved gas supersaturation of high-dams

One of the possible negative environmental effects of hydropower stations is the supersaturation of total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of high-dams,which can lead to gas bubble disease or even death of fish. By taking the TDG as the main study object,the paper launched the TDG field observations on Zipingpu,Three Gorges,Ertan,Manwan,Dachaoshan,Gongzui and Ertan dams in China. The factors affecting TDG generation and dissipation were explored. Energy dissipation structures,spill rates and operation patterns were the main factors causing TDG supersaturation. TDG saturations are essentially the same in the hydro-electric tail water and in the upper reaches,so hydro-electric tail water can be less TDG supersaturated through mixing downstream. The main factors affecting the dissipation process of the supersaturated TDG were tributary convergence,water depth and turbulence. TDG supersaturation was unevenly distributed in both the vertical and transverse directions. This study is important because it adds to the accumulating experience of TDG field observations of dam projects in China,and because it objectively and impartially evaluates the impacts of supersaturated TDG. The study also provides field data and references for future studies of TDG supersaturation caused by high-dams.