AIMS To investigate the relationship between the liver function- al impairment and sodium and water retention. METHODS Acute liver damage model was established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) administration to male ...AIMS To investigate the relationship between the liver function- al impairment and sodium and water retention. METHODS Acute liver damage model was established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) administration to male Sprague-Daw- ley rats. Twenty-four and 48 hours later after CCl_4 administration, the excretion of acute sodium and water load was examined,and 24 hours later after normal saline administration,the excretion of acute sodium and water load was examined in control group. The concentration of plasma caffeine was analysed with high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The half life time of plasma caffein (Caft 1/2) sewed as a quantitative index of hepatic function. Plasma ALT was measured with Reitman method. The hepatic tis- sue was sectioned in the same site for water content measurement and pathological observation. The serumal and urinary sodium was measured with flame photometry. RESULTS Twenty-four hours later after CCl_4 administration, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT,n=6,37.5±12.6→ 189.4±34.4U,P<0.01) and water content of hepatic tissue (n =6,70.0%±1.1%→73.0%±1.0%,P<0.01) rose significantly,Caft 1/2 was prolonged significantly (94.9±18.9→ 326.4±85.8 minutes,P<0.01 ). The renal function of excretion of acute salt and water load declined obviously (n=6,Na^+: 92.4%±14.1%→50.1%±13.1%,P<0.01;H_2O:86.3%± 14.3%→42.1%±8.8%,P<0.01). Forty-eight hours later, the indexes above somewhat recovered,but were still markedly different from those of the control. Furthermore,the relationships betweenCaft 1/2 andALT (r=0.752,P<0.01),and between Caft 1/2 and excretory rate of sodium (r=-0.634,P<0.05) and water were still significant (r=-0. 612,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Caft 1/2 is a good index to assess the degree of hepatic damage. The hepatic dysfunction may be a factor caus- ing the renal excretory impairment to the acute sodium and water load.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the changes of water status and different responses of osmoregulants during air-drought stress,to better understand mechanisms of drought resistance in Jatropha Curcas L. [Me...[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the changes of water status and different responses of osmoregulants during air-drought stress,to better understand mechanisms of drought resistance in Jatropha Curcas L. [Methods] The 12-day-old J. curcas seedlings were held in a climate chamber at 25/20 ℃（day/night）,16 hours illumination,and 75% of relative humidity for air-drought treatment,and the changes of water potential,osmotic potential and the content of soluble sugar,proline,betaine were measured. [Results] Water potential and osmotic potential in leaves of J. curcas seedlings dropped significantly,pressure potential lost during air-drought stress,and the contents of osmoregulants soluble sugar,proline and betaine rose significantly to different extent in the leaves and stems. [Conclusion] Osmoregulants in the leaves and stems respond differently to air-drought stress,and in general leaves are much more responsive to the drought than stems of J. curcas seedlings.展开更多
Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability...Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil pore structure to seasonal water-level fluctuation in the reservoir, and particularly, the hydrological change of wetting and drying cycles. Soil pore structure was visualized with industrial X-ray computed tomography and digital image analysis techniques. The results showed that soil total porosity(? 100 ?m), total pore number, total throat number, and mean throat surface area increased significantly under wetting and drying cycles. Soil porosity, pore number and throat numberwithin each size class increased in the course of wetting and drying cycles. The coordination number, degree of anisotropy and fractal dimension were indicating an increase. In contrast, the mean shape factor, pore-throat ratio, and Euler-Poincaré number decreased due to wetting and drying cycles. These illustrated that the wetting and drying cycles made soil pore structure become more porous, continuous, heterogeneous and complex. It can thus be deduced that the water-level fluctuation would modify soil porosity, pore size distribution, and pore morphology in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which may have profound implications for soil processes, soil functions, and bank stability.展开更多
Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arran- gement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir...Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arran- gement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River, Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible. With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.展开更多
Among the reactions catalyzed by zeolites there are some that exhibit high selectivity due to the spatial confinement effect of the zeolite framework.Tailoring the acidity,particularly the distribution and location of...Among the reactions catalyzed by zeolites there are some that exhibit high selectivity due to the spatial confinement effect of the zeolite framework.Tailoring the acidity,particularly the distribution and location of the Bronsted acid sites in the zeolite is effective for making it a better catalyst for these reactions.We prepared a series of H-mordenite（H-MOR） samples by varying the composition of the sol-gel,using different structure directing agents and post-treatment.NH3-TPD and IR characterization of adsorbed pyridine were employed to determine the amount of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring and 12-membered ring channels.It was shown that controlled synthesis was a promising approach to improve the concentration of Bronsted acid sites in MOR,even with a low Al content.Using an appropriate composition of Si and Al in the sol-gel favored a higher proportion of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels.HMI as a structure-direct agent gave an obvious enrichment of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring.Carbonylation of dimethyl ether was used as a probe reaction to examine the modification of the acid properties,especially the Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels.There was a linear relationship between methyl acetate formation and the number of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels,demonstrating the successful modification of acid properties.Our results provide information for the rational design and modification of zeolites with spatial constraints.展开更多
文摘AIMS To investigate the relationship between the liver function- al impairment and sodium and water retention. METHODS Acute liver damage model was established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) administration to male Sprague-Daw- ley rats. Twenty-four and 48 hours later after CCl_4 administration, the excretion of acute sodium and water load was examined,and 24 hours later after normal saline administration,the excretion of acute sodium and water load was examined in control group. The concentration of plasma caffeine was analysed with high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The half life time of plasma caffein (Caft 1/2) sewed as a quantitative index of hepatic function. Plasma ALT was measured with Reitman method. The hepatic tis- sue was sectioned in the same site for water content measurement and pathological observation. The serumal and urinary sodium was measured with flame photometry. RESULTS Twenty-four hours later after CCl_4 administration, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT,n=6,37.5±12.6→ 189.4±34.4U,P<0.01) and water content of hepatic tissue (n =6,70.0%±1.1%→73.0%±1.0%,P<0.01) rose significantly,Caft 1/2 was prolonged significantly (94.9±18.9→ 326.4±85.8 minutes,P<0.01 ). The renal function of excretion of acute salt and water load declined obviously (n=6,Na^+: 92.4%±14.1%→50.1%±13.1%,P<0.01;H_2O:86.3%± 14.3%→42.1%±8.8%,P<0.01). Forty-eight hours later, the indexes above somewhat recovered,but were still markedly different from those of the control. Furthermore,the relationships betweenCaft 1/2 andALT (r=0.752,P<0.01),and between Caft 1/2 and excretory rate of sodium (r=-0.634,P<0.05) and water were still significant (r=-0. 612,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Caft 1/2 is a good index to assess the degree of hepatic damage. The hepatic dysfunction may be a factor caus- ing the renal excretory impairment to the acute sodium and water load.
基金Supported by Special Key R&D Fund from Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (ZD2010004)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the changes of water status and different responses of osmoregulants during air-drought stress,to better understand mechanisms of drought resistance in Jatropha Curcas L. [Methods] The 12-day-old J. curcas seedlings were held in a climate chamber at 25/20 ℃（day/night）,16 hours illumination,and 75% of relative humidity for air-drought treatment,and the changes of water potential,osmotic potential and the content of soluble sugar,proline,betaine were measured. [Results] Water potential and osmotic potential in leaves of J. curcas seedlings dropped significantly,pressure potential lost during air-drought stress,and the contents of osmoregulants soluble sugar,proline and betaine rose significantly to different extent in the leaves and stems. [Conclusion] Osmoregulants in the leaves and stems respond differently to air-drought stress,and in general leaves are much more responsive to the drought than stems of J. curcas seedlings.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771321,41771320 and 41571278)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2018SZ0132)
文摘Inundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has created a 30-m water-level fluctuation zone with seasonal hydrological alternations of submergence and exposure, which may greatly affect soil properties and bank stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of soil pore structure to seasonal water-level fluctuation in the reservoir, and particularly, the hydrological change of wetting and drying cycles. Soil pore structure was visualized with industrial X-ray computed tomography and digital image analysis techniques. The results showed that soil total porosity(? 100 ?m), total pore number, total throat number, and mean throat surface area increased significantly under wetting and drying cycles. Soil porosity, pore number and throat numberwithin each size class increased in the course of wetting and drying cycles. The coordination number, degree of anisotropy and fractal dimension were indicating an increase. In contrast, the mean shape factor, pore-throat ratio, and Euler-Poincaré number decreased due to wetting and drying cycles. These illustrated that the wetting and drying cycles made soil pore structure become more porous, continuous, heterogeneous and complex. It can thus be deduced that the water-level fluctuation would modify soil porosity, pore size distribution, and pore morphology in the Three Gorges Reservoir, which may have profound implications for soil processes, soil functions, and bank stability.
基金Under the auspices of Scientific & Technological Development Project of Science & Technology Office, JilinProvince (No. 200104032)
文摘Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arran- gement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River, Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible. With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21325626,21406120)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2014M560181,2015T80214)~~
文摘Among the reactions catalyzed by zeolites there are some that exhibit high selectivity due to the spatial confinement effect of the zeolite framework.Tailoring the acidity,particularly the distribution and location of the Bronsted acid sites in the zeolite is effective for making it a better catalyst for these reactions.We prepared a series of H-mordenite（H-MOR） samples by varying the composition of the sol-gel,using different structure directing agents and post-treatment.NH3-TPD and IR characterization of adsorbed pyridine were employed to determine the amount of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring and 12-membered ring channels.It was shown that controlled synthesis was a promising approach to improve the concentration of Bronsted acid sites in MOR,even with a low Al content.Using an appropriate composition of Si and Al in the sol-gel favored a higher proportion of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels.HMI as a structure-direct agent gave an obvious enrichment of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring.Carbonylation of dimethyl ether was used as a probe reaction to examine the modification of the acid properties,especially the Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels.There was a linear relationship between methyl acetate formation and the number of Bronsted acid sites in the 8-membered ring channels,demonstrating the successful modification of acid properties.Our results provide information for the rational design and modification of zeolites with spatial constraints.
