环北部湾广西水资源配置工程水土保持方案弃渣场设计

介绍了生产建设项目水土保持方案管理办法出台的背景。在梳理相关水土保持方案编制要求的基础上,分析环北部湾广西水资源配置工程水土保持方案弃渣场设计的具体内容,提出减少工程弃渣及综合利用、弃渣场选址与防护等方案。

环北部湾广西水资源配置工程受水区人口发展预测

分析了环北部湾广西水资源配置工程供水区人口发展趋势、城镇化发展趋势,结合区域人口发展规划,考虑当前人口发展相关政策、国土空间规划、区域战略性规划对人口聚集的影响,预测了供水区、受水区规划年供水人口,为工程需水预测提供依据。

环北部湾广西水资源配置工程TBM施工隧洞岩石耐磨性试验

TBM施工具有掘进效率高、安全、环保、高质量、智能化等优点,目前已在国内外隧洞工程中广泛运用。本文以环北部湾广西水资源配置工程TBM施工隧洞为背景,展开岩石耐磨性研究,采集该工程5个隧洞围岩进行岩石耐磨性试验,对不同岩石耐磨性进行等级划分和岩石耐磨性等级评价,为隧洞TBM适宜性评价提供依据。

环北部湾广西水资源配置工程玉林、北海水源布局研究

玉林市、北海市人均水资源量少,水资源开发利用难度大,资源性和工程性缺水问题严重,现状供水格局与经济社会发展布局不协调。通过分析玉林市、北海市周边水资源状况和开发利用条件,结合水源水量水质情况、玉林和北海市经济发展规划、经济合理可行等因素,对不同水源工程布局方案进行综合分析比选,提出技术可行、经济合理的方案。

环北部湾广西水资源配置工程郁江取水骨干工程布局方案研究

分析环北部湾广西水资源配置工程玉北供水片郁江水源取水点、调蓄水库选择的原则和方案。提出工程总体布局原则和3个工程布局方案,从水安全保障、施工布置、工程地质、环境影响、工程投资和年运行费等方面进行综合分析比选,提出最为经济合理的方案。

线性水利工程征地移民实物调查存在的问题——以环北部湾广西水资源配置工程为例

水利工程在进行建设征地移民安置规划设计前都需要开展实物调查工作,近年来对灌区工程、水资源配置工程、河流湖连通工程、河岸治理工程等线性水利工程建设的加快,移民安置实物调查从水库的面状变成了线状,工程的线路长、占地范围窄、区域跨度大、涉及实物类型繁多、影响专业项目设施种类多。本文针对环北部湾广西水资源配置工程实物调查工作中遇到的问题进行探索,分析存在的问题及处理方法和措施,为后续其他线性工程建设征地实物调查提供参考和处理思路。

引调水工程受水区水污染防治关键技术研究

建立科学、合理、可行的引调水工程受水区水污染防治关键技术体系对解决引调水工程受水区水污染防治问题至关重要。以环北部湾广东水资源配置工程受水区为例,在统筹考虑受水区河流水系分布、水环境现状、水污染防治形势等因素的基础上,以控制单元为抓手,以水功能区水质达标与污染物入河总量可控为底线,以污染防治措施为手段,以“天空地一体化”水环境监测体系和水环境风险应急处置系统为保障,通过科学核算控制单元水域纳污能力,合理制定污染物排放控制总量方案,建立了“抓手+底线+方法+手段+保障”五位一体的引调水工程受水区水污染防治关键技术体系。结果表明:该技术体系科学、合理,具备较强的指导性和可操作性,通过抓手、底线、方法、手段、保障等5项关键技术的应用,可有效解决引调水工程受水区的水污染问题,实现“增水不增污”的目标。在全面落实170项水污染防治规划措施、完善水环境风险应急处置系统的基础上,环北部湾广东水资源配置工程建成通水后,2035年工程受水区废污水入河量虽较现状增加了183.22%,但污染物COD、氨氮、总磷入河量较现状均有减少,减幅分别为13.2%,61.7%,77.5%。研究成果可从关键技术体系的视角为管理决策者提供指导,可为引调水工程受水区水污染防治工作提供参考。

Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

数字

850亿元中央财政近日下达2009年地震灾后恢复重建基金预算334亿元,其中四川294亿元、甘肃23亿元、陕西17亿元。截至目前,中央财政今年已累计下达地震灾后恢复重建基金预算近850亿元,占全年预算安排1300亿元的65%。

Water Security Problem in North China: Research and Perspective

This paper addresses the emergence of water security problems in North China with the aim of highlighting key waterresources management and water security issues for the long-term development of North China. Three key problemsrelated to water resources and security issues in North China in the 21st century are addressed, namely 1) the watercycle under environmental change, 2) agricultural water saving, and 3) water security. Development of internationalresearch related to these issues is also reviewed. The research plan developed recently by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) is discussed and suggestions on research and development of water resources science in North China are presented.Thanks to focus on experimental catchments and dedicated research stations, a detailed knowledge of the water cycle onNorth China farmland has been compiled. A range of techniques that include isotope tracers has been used to acquirehydrologic data. Much research has been devoted to developing distributed hydrological models at different scales. In thewell irrigation district, five different water saving irrigation regimes have been investigated, and these regimes have hadwidespread application, and reduced water use 60-150 mm while they increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 20%-30%.Furthermore, preventing water pollution is the most essential step to ensure North China’s water security.

Determination of a Reasonable Percentage for Ecological Water-Use in the Haihe River Basin, China

An investigation was conducted to study problems of determining a reasonable percentage for ecological water-use in the Haihe River Basin of China. Three key aspects for the ecological water requirement （EWR） were analyzed, involving i） the EWR for river system, ii） the EWR for wetlands and lakes, and iii） the EWR for discharge into the sea to maintain the estuary ecological balance of the Haihe River. The Montana method and related water level-flow relationships, and the statistic approach based on hydrological records were applied to estimate different components of EWR. The results showed that the total ecological water demand in the region, was about 3.47-14.56 billion m^3. Considering flow regime change and uncertainty, the ecological water demand could be estimated by the hydrological frequency approach. Preliminary analysis showed that for different annual runoff under the frequencies of 20%, 50%, 75% and 95%, the ecological water demand approached 12%-50%, 18%-74%, 24%-103%, 35%-148% and 16%-66%, respectively. By further analysis to balance ecological water-use and socioeconomic water-use, the rational percentage of ecological water-use was estimated as 35%-74%, that provides useful information to judge whether the allocation of water resources is reasonable, and was proved to be satisfactory by comparing with the practical condition.

A New Approach to Urban Rainwater Management

Based on an analysis of our research results and the main problems relating to urban rainwater treatment, we propose a new approach to urban rainwater management in China. The necessity and feasibility of such a new approach are discussed. From an ecological point of view all components of the global system, including residents living in cities, have the same right to enjoy rainwater. Therefore, urban rainwater should neither be simply drained as waste water, nor be completely harvested as a kind of resource. The objective of this new approach is to maintain the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas during urbanization. When necessary, it could also be used to regulate the amount of runoff, evaporation and infiltration in a city in order to rehabilitate the hydrological cycle given the local conditions. Three basic principles should be adopted in rainwater management, i.e., separation of rainfall from sewage, limited utilization and small and decentralized facilities. Four methods can be used for urban rainwater management: rainwater harvest, rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage and rainwater pipes. The natural hydrological cycle in urban areas could be rehabilitated through rainwater management, which is of great importance for sustainable development of our cities.

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Evaluation and Analysis of Provincial Differences in Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity in China

Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions.

矿业项目价值评估及敏感性分析

为了更好地实现我国的"走出去"战略目标,本文从矿业项目经济评价和敏感性分析方面着手,以折现现金流法(DCF)为基础,实例设计矿业项目经济评价模型,立体展现企业如何评估矿业项目当前价值,并且具体分析各参数的变化如何对项目产生影响及其敏感性,以解决矿企降低投资风险,提高国际竞争力的问题。作者在实际与国外矿企交流、谈判和合作过程中,发现他们会变换项目评价所涉及的参数,这些微小的变换却能造成结果的迥然不同,也是我国矿企与国际接轨的关键。因此,熟练掌握与运用价值评估模型是我们所欠缺的,培养和壮大结构合理的高水平人才队伍是实现我国"走出去"战略目标所应解决的重要环节。

Humble View on Soil Water Resources

Soil water is one of renewable water resources.Some properties of soil water concerning with its availability to plant are briefly described.An equation for estimating the amount of soil water resource is presented.Based on the evaporation demand of atmosphere,the evaluation coefficient for soil water resource is suggested.

Assessment of Man-made and Natural Hazards in the Surroundings of Hydropower Projects under Construction in the Beas Valley of Northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem, on the earth, has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade However, every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya, it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards, such as landslides, rock fall and soil erosion, have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study, therefore, focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage II （800 MW） and the Parbati Stage III （520 MW） hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities, the existing land use pattern, status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects, frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage II and III have been analysed in the paper. Also, the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.

Public choice on coordinated development of border regions and its empirical research:a case study of Wuling mountain area

Due to the difficult segmentation of land destiny, popularity destiny, industry destiny on the platform of common interests demand, the regional governance of production and living for the needs of the people in cross-regional areas, such as in the aspects of security, education, assignment and management of water resources, transportation, energy, environment protection and public health, the administrative border regional cooperation is relatively easy. These aspects are equivalent to public products. Just because of this, it leads to problems that nobody will not control. The governments, in order to realize regional economic coordinated development and to eliminate the regional interests parties of administrative regions economy in microcosmic, were adapting various self-protection measures, even including that "you may have your policy but I have my countermeasures" that is derived from inter-regional economic relations. The action of market segmentation has limited the flow of various economic development elements, especially the condition of "dead end highway", resource exploitation and use, difficult social security work in social living of the administrative boundary zone. This paper studies the typical economical district of Wuling mountain area in the obvious strategic position at the junction of Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei provinces from the angle of regional public management and public choice to present issue awareness and academic purpose.

Analysis of pollutant components in landfill leachate from hinterland landfill in Three Gorge Water Reservoir

This paper mainly discusses the protection of water resource environment in Three Gorge Water Reservoir, a systematic investigation and analysis of the landfill leachate＇s polluting components, hazardous and changing rule in landfill leachate from hinterland landfill located in the surrounding area have been carried out, and proposed the countermeasures for disposition the leachate furtherly.

Study on the Definition and Allocation of the Rights to Water Utilization in the Ecological Environment

With the rapid development of population and economy, the conflict between the supply and demand of water resources is becoming outstanding increasingly, In China, many people concern about the problems of ecological environment water expenditure.However, owning to the shortage of water resources and indefinite water rights, “the hustle effect” of per capita water resource is appeared, Moreover. it caused a series of environment problems. This article differentiates and analyzes the relevant concepts about the ecological enviromnent, and puts forward the defined concept of the rights to the ecological environment water utilization. In addition, it points out the characteristic of those rights, and does elementary study on the allocation principle, methods, and steps on the rights.