钙芒硝矿中硫酸钙的溶解动力学

本文研究了温度、矿石试样粒度和搅拌速度等因素对钙芒硝矿中硫酸钙溶解速度的影响。由实验数据求得钙芒硝矿中硫酸钙溶解过程的表现活化能为50.54kJ/mol。所得结果为确定钙芒硝矿的溶解条件和开发阻溶硫酸钙的技术提供了依据。

水力压裂法采盐对环境影响的环境地球化学研究

水力压裂法采盐对环境影响的环境地球化学研究向武鲍征宇（中国地质大学，武汉４３００７４）关键词水采法盐渍环境盐矿污染我国现有矿山１万多座，为国家提供了８０％的工业原料，同时也造成了较严重的环境危害。仅全国尾矿侵占和污染的土地就达６６７余万公顷，间接污...

尾矿库的尾砂回采研究

尾矿砂的回采工作是矿产资源高多方位综合利用的一个重要组成部分,也是实现经济的可持续发展的重要举措。其中,水采法对尾矿库尾砂进行回采是一种安全可行的方法。本文首先介绍了水采法,然后介绍了回采方案,最后介绍了尾矿库坝的稳定性在回采过程中的重要性以及分析理论。

蔡希斯坦盆地二叠纪钾盐成矿条件和资源开发利用

笔者对德国几个在产钾盐矿山实地考,察以及与德国钾盐研究机构的技术交流,并结合大量文献资料,对德国钾盐地质条件、开发现状以及开采技术的发展进行综述,为国内找钾和钾盐的综合开发利用提供借鉴。德国钾盐产于上二叠纪蔡希斯坦盆地(Zechstein Basin),位于相对稳定的陆块浅海陆架区,主要通过浅陆棚阶段和次深陆棚阶段形成。蔡希斯坦盆地已识别出8个盐沉积旋回(Z1-Z8),每个旋回的沉积方式大致相同,沉积层序自下而上通常为:碎屑岩→碳酸盐→硬石膏→岩盐→钾盐层→硬石膏顶板。德国二叠纪超大型钾盐盆地的发现,表明海相沉积盆地是地球的可溶性钾盐主要储存库,印证了海相钾盐常形成于次盆地中。同时,通过对钾盐层顶底板和钾盐样品的化学分析,研究特定元素(Br、Rb)的变化,作为国内找钾的指标。钾盐的开采主要分为旱采法和水采法2种,传统上以旱采法为主,但随着技术的进步,水采法相对旱采法有诸多优势。

Prediction of Injection-Production Ratio with BP Neural Network

Injection of water to enhance oil production is commonplace, and improvements in understanding the process are economically important. This study examines predictive models of the injection-to-production ratio. Firstly, the error between the fitting and actual injection-production ratio is calculated with such methods as the injection-production ratio and water-oil ratio method, the material balance method, the multiple regression method, the gray theory GM (1,1) model and the back-propogation (BP) neural network method by computer applications in this paper. The relative average errors calculated are respectively 1.67%, 1.08%, 19.2%, 1.38% and 0.88%. Secondly, the reasons for the errors from different prediction methods are analyzed theoretically, indicating that the prediction precision of the BP neural network method is high, and that it has a better self-adaptability, so that it can reflect the internal relationship between the injection-production ratio and the influencing factors. Therefore, the BP neural network method is suitable to the prediction of injection-production ratio.

Hazard development mechanism and deformation estimation of water solution mining area

Based on the hazard development mechanism, a water solution area is closely related to the supporting effect of pressure-bearing water, the relaxing and collapsing effect of orebody interlayer, the collapsing effect of thawless material in orebody, filling effect caused by cubical expansibility of hydrate crystallization and uplifting effect of hard rock layer over cranny belt. The movement and deformation of ground surface caused by underground water solution mining is believed to be much weaker than that caused by well lane mining, which can be predicted by the stochastic medium theory method. On the basis of analysis on the engineering practice of water solution mining, its corresponding parameters can be obtained from the in-site data of the belt water and sand filling mining in engineering analog approach.

A level set based segmentation approach for point-sampled surfaces

Segmenting a complex 3D surface model into some visually meaningful sub-parts is one of the fundamental problems in digital geometry processing. In this paper, a novel segmentation approach of point-sampled surfaces is proposed, which is based on the level set evolution scheme. To segment the model so as to align the patch boundaries with high curvature zones, the driven speed function for the zero level set inside narrow band is defined by the extended curvature field, which approaches zero speed as the propagating front approaches high curvature zone. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by our ex- perimental results. Furthermore, two applications of model segmentation are illustrated, such as piecewise parameterization and local editing for point-sampled geometry.

Study on effects of longwall mining on the underground water

It is very important for secure mining under water bodies to study the effects of Iongwall mining on the underground water. In order to study this problem, piezometers for monitoring underground water levels were established in an American coalmine. Large amounts of pre-mining and post-mining monitoring data were collected. Based on the data the effects of Iongwall mining on the underground water was studied. The results demonstrate that when the piezometer monitoring wells have an interburden thickness less than 72.7 m, the groundwater level decreases immediately to immeasurable levels and go dry after undermining. The height of the fractured zone in is 72.7-85.3 m in this geological and mining conditions. The results also show that the calculated value of fractured zone by the empirical formulae used in China is smaller than the actual results. Therefore, it is not always safe to use them in analysis of mining under water bodies.

Feasibility of central loop TEM method for prospecting multilayer water-fi lled goaf

With deep mining of coal mines, prospecting multilayer water-filled goaf has become a new content that results from geophysical exploration in coalfields. The central loop transient electromagnetic （TEM） method is favorable for prospecting conductive layers because of the coupling relationship between its field structure and formation. However, the shielding effect of conductive overburden would not only require a longer observation time when prospecting the same depth but also weaken the anomalous response of underlying layers. Through direct time domain numerical simulation and horizontal layered earth forward modeling, this paper estimates the length of observation time required to prospect the target, and the distinguishable criterion of multilayer water-filled goal is presented with observation error according to the effect of noise on observation data. The observed emf curves from Dazigou Coal Mine, Shanxi Province can distinguish multilayer water-filled goaf. In quantitative inversion interpretation of observed curves, using electric logging data as initial parameters restrains the equivalence caused by coal formation thin layers. The deduced three-layer and two-layer water-filled goals are confirmed by the drilling hole. The result suggests that when observation time is long enough and with the anomalous situation of underlying layers being greater than the observation error, the use of the central loop TEM method to orosoect a multilaver water-filled goaf is feasible.

Simulation of goaf heating law and the fire cooling effect during methane drainage in high level laneway

For spontaneous combustion possibilities under large flux methane drainage in the goal, dynamic permeability in combination with the Forchheimer nonlinear equation was used to solve the problem of 3D oxygen distribution, heating law in goaf and to forecast the effects of fire protection by taking the fifth section face of the No. 18 coal seam in Nanshan Coal Mine as the basis for this study. The results demonstrate that if the vertical position of the drainage laneway is so low as to cause serious air leakage, a high oxygen concentration area exists in the return side of the goaf, and there is also a high temperature region which has faster heating rate than in the other areas. The effect of methane drainage on goal heating can be alleviated dramatically by simultaneous plugging and nitrogen injection. The results show that gas data in the return side of the goaf must be detected carefully in the work face, which is of similar drainage arrangement. Therefore, comprehensive fire protection measures should be carried out if conditions permit.

Spatial Data Mining to Support Environmental Management and Decision Making--A Case Study in Brazil

The growth of geo-technologies and the development of methods for spatial data collection have resulted in large spatial data repositories that require techniques for spatial information extraction, in order to transform raw data into useful previously unknown information. However, due to the high complexity of spatial data mining, the need for spatial relationship comprehension and its characteristics, efforts have been directed towards improving algorithms in order to provide an increase of performance and quality of results. Likewise, several issues have been addressed to spatial data mining, including environmental management, which is the focus of this paper. The main original contribution of this work is the demonstration of spatial data mining using a novel algorithm with a multi-relational approach that was applied to a database related to water resource from a certain region of S^o Paulo State, Brazil, and the discussion about obtained results. Some characteristics involving the location of water resources and the profile of who is administering the water exploration were discovered and discussed.

Numerical analysis of coal-gas flow and pressure relief on the mining method of extreme short-range protective strata

The coal-gas existing condition was ameliorated in the coal seams prone to coal-gas outburst adopting the mining method of protective strata.The gas volume and the gas pressure were reduced synchronously in the protected coal seam,and the coal seam of high permeability prone to the coal-gas outburst was changed into that of low perme- ability with no proneness to the coal-gas outburst.The D_(15)coal seam was treated as the protective strata,and the D_(16-17)coal seam was treated as the protected strata in the Fifth coal mine in the Pingdingshan Coal Mining Group.The distance between the two coal seams was 5 m averagely,clarified into the extreme short-range protective strata.The numerical analysis was based on the theory of the porous media flow with the finite ele- ment method.The gas flow process and the change mechanism of the coal-gas pressure were analyzed in the process of mining the protective strata.