基于江河水量分配方法的黄河“八七”分水方案调整问题探讨

黄河“八七”分水方案的实施对推动流域水资源有效管控、平衡流域内各省(区)用水需求、支撑经济社会可持续发展、维持流域生态环境健康起到积极作用。随着黄河流域下垫面条件、水沙形势、流域用水结构和供水格局的显著变化,关于黄河“八七”分水方案的调整问题受到各方关注。按照江河流域水量分配原则,全面考虑单指标综合的水量分配法、基于赋权的TOPSIS分配法以及“八七”分水方案确定的分水比例,最终得到各省(区)较为合理的水量分配结果。对比“八七”分水方案,青海、陕西、河南、山东的分水量有所增加,甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、山西、河北、天津的分水量有所减小,分配的水量与各省(区)的用水需求和重点发展方向密切相关。江河流域水量分配方法在黄河“八七”分水方案调整中的适用性研究结果,可为黄河流域水量分配的调整提供借鉴。

湖北省漳河水库水量分配方案研究

水量分配是流域和区域实行用水总量控制制度的重要基础、落实最严格水资源管理制度的重要内容。从实践情况看,对水量分配方案达成共识远比采用复杂的技术方法更为重要。文章从水量分配指标和时期的选取、用水户用水优先序、初始用水权、水量分配层次等方面分析了湖北省漳河水库水量分配的关键问题,探讨了漳河水库水量分配的方法,提出了由各用水区水量分配方案、各用水户水量分配方案、灌溉用水分配方案组成的漳河水库水量分配方案。

Method for determination of allocable water during formulation of water allocation scheme

The determination of allocable water is one of the most important stages during the process of formulating water allocation scheme.The selection of appropriate allocable water is the prerequisite and fundament for developing a reasonable water allocation scheme.Based on the summary and analysis of international water allocation practice,this paper has distilled three attention-worth issues concerning the determination of allocable water.In addition,this paper has also proposed a general method for the determination of allocable water and illustrated this method in detail.It is hoped that through providing a general and feasible method for determining allocable water,a fundament could be established for the consultation of water allocation process among different stakeholders,promoting the integrated management of river basins.