Through the long-term plot studies on the precipitation distribution in the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Hangzhou for two years, it was indicated that the pattern of precipitation distribution included l...Through the long-term plot studies on the precipitation distribution in the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Hangzhou for two years, it was indicated that the pattern of precipitation distribution included larger amounts of penetration water and stemflow and a lower amount of interception water. The results revealed that the main factors to infulence the percentages of penetration and stemflow were the air temperature and the leaf area of the forest. The quantity of seepage through the litter layer was much larger than that through the soil layers which decreased sharply with soil depth. The output of water from the ecosystem by surface runoff and deep infiltration through the soil was much lower, only being 5.20 percent of the rainfall, while the water evapotranspiration loss was as large as more than 90 percent of it. The losses by the soil evaporation and plant evapotranspiration were the largest part of output in this forest ecosystem.展开更多
The present work proposes a novel methodology for constructing coarse-grained （CG） models, which aims at minimizing the difference between CG model and the corresponding original system. The difference is defined as...The present work proposes a novel methodology for constructing coarse-grained （CG） models, which aims at minimizing the difference between CG model and the corresponding original system. The difference is defined as a functional of their equilibrium conformationaJ probability densities, then is estimated from equilibrium averages of many independent physical quantities denoted as basis functions. An orthonormalization strategy is adopted to get the independent basis functions from su^ciently preselected interesting physical quantities of the system. Thus the current method is named as probability density matching coarse-graining （PMCG） scheme, which effectively takes into account the overall cha,~acteristics of the original systems to construct CG model, and it is a rtatural improvement of the usual CG scheme wherein some physical quantities are intuitively chosen without considering their correlations. We verify the general PMCG framework in constructing a one-site CG water model from TIP3P model. Both structure of liquids and pressure of the TIP3P water system are found to be well reproduced at the same time in the constructed CG model.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Laboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Through the long-term plot studies on the precipitation distribution in the evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Hangzhou for two years, it was indicated that the pattern of precipitation distribution included larger amounts of penetration water and stemflow and a lower amount of interception water. The results revealed that the main factors to infulence the percentages of penetration and stemflow were the air temperature and the leaf area of the forest. The quantity of seepage through the litter layer was much larger than that through the soil layers which decreased sharply with soil depth. The output of water from the ecosystem by surface runoff and deep infiltration through the soil was much lower, only being 5.20 percent of the rainfall, while the water evapotranspiration loss was as large as more than 90 percent of it. The losses by the soil evaporation and plant evapotranspiration were the largest part of output in this forest ecosystem.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11175250
文摘The present work proposes a novel methodology for constructing coarse-grained （CG） models, which aims at minimizing the difference between CG model and the corresponding original system. The difference is defined as a functional of their equilibrium conformationaJ probability densities, then is estimated from equilibrium averages of many independent physical quantities denoted as basis functions. An orthonormalization strategy is adopted to get the independent basis functions from su^ciently preselected interesting physical quantities of the system. Thus the current method is named as probability density matching coarse-graining （PMCG） scheme, which effectively takes into account the overall cha,~acteristics of the original systems to construct CG model, and it is a rtatural improvement of the usual CG scheme wherein some physical quantities are intuitively chosen without considering their correlations. We verify the general PMCG framework in constructing a one-site CG water model from TIP3P model. Both structure of liquids and pressure of the TIP3P water system are found to be well reproduced at the same time in the constructed CG model.
