CHRIS(Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)是欧空局于2001年10月发射的PROBA-1卫星上搭载的探索性高光谱遥感器,它具备高空间分辨率、多角度观测、高光谱成像等特点,为水质遥感监测提供不可多得的数据源。基于卫星遥感图像...CHRIS(Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)是欧空局于2001年10月发射的PROBA-1卫星上搭载的探索性高光谱遥感器,它具备高空间分辨率、多角度观测、高光谱成像等特点,为水质遥感监测提供不可多得的数据源。基于卫星遥感图像定量监测水质,一个关键步骤就是进行精确的大气校正,提取水面反射率。相比陆地遥感图像,水面反射率是弱信号,对大气校正的要求更高。6S(Second Simulation of SatelliteSignal in the Solar Spectrum)和MODTRAN(MOderate resolution TRANsmittance code)是两种常用的大气辐射传输模型。本文选取基于6S的REMS(Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring System)和基于MODT-RAN的ACORN(Atmospheric CORrection Now)两种大气校正软件,对太湖梅梁湾的三景不同成像角度CHRIS图像进行大气校正,将大气校正后的图像水体反射率与地面同步实测水体反射率进行比较分析。结果表明,经过大气校正的CHRIS图像得到的水面反射率与实测反射率波形十分地接近,在全部波长范围内的相关系数达到90%。分析实测的水体反射率角度特征,发现图像的角度特征更明显。三个观测角度下反射率之间的各差值都呈现出在绿光波段较大,在红光和近红外波段偏小的特点,这和实测结果相符。ACORN校正后的图像的角度特征更好地与实测结果吻合。展开更多
To research techniques for removing the water blocking effect caused by hydraulic applications in coal seams,the use of surfactants is proposed,based on the mechanics of the water blocking effect.Centrifugal experimen...To research techniques for removing the water blocking effect caused by hydraulic applications in coal seams,the use of surfactants is proposed,based on the mechanics of the water blocking effect.Centrifugal experiments were used to validate the effects of using surfactants;the results show that after dealing with vacuum saturation with water,the volume of micropores decreases,which results in a larger average pore size,and the volume of transitional pores,mesopores,macropores and total pores increases.Based on the distribution of pore size,the operation mode of ‘‘water infusion after gas extraction,then continuing gas extraction" is recommended to improve the volume of coal mine gas drainage.When the reflectance of vitrinite in coal samples is less than 1,using the surfactants Fast T,1631,APG,BS can mitigate the damage caused by the water blocking effect.But when the reflectance of vitrinite is larger than 1.4,the damage caused by the water blocking effect can be increased.When the surfactant CMC is used in hydraulic applications,the capillary forces of coal samples are almost negative,which means the capillary force is in the same direction as the gas extraction.The direction of capillary forces benefits the gas flow.So,using CMC can play an active role in removing the water blocking effect.Centrifugal experiments confirm that using CMC can effectively remove the water blocking effect,which has a beneficial effect on improving the gas drainage volume.展开更多
文摘CHRIS(Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)是欧空局于2001年10月发射的PROBA-1卫星上搭载的探索性高光谱遥感器,它具备高空间分辨率、多角度观测、高光谱成像等特点,为水质遥感监测提供不可多得的数据源。基于卫星遥感图像定量监测水质,一个关键步骤就是进行精确的大气校正,提取水面反射率。相比陆地遥感图像,水面反射率是弱信号,对大气校正的要求更高。6S(Second Simulation of SatelliteSignal in the Solar Spectrum)和MODTRAN(MOderate resolution TRANsmittance code)是两种常用的大气辐射传输模型。本文选取基于6S的REMS(Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring System)和基于MODT-RAN的ACORN(Atmospheric CORrection Now)两种大气校正软件,对太湖梅梁湾的三景不同成像角度CHRIS图像进行大气校正,将大气校正后的图像水体反射率与地面同步实测水体反射率进行比较分析。结果表明,经过大气校正的CHRIS图像得到的水面反射率与实测反射率波形十分地接近,在全部波长范围内的相关系数达到90%。分析实测的水体反射率角度特征,发现图像的角度特征更明显。三个观测角度下反射率之间的各差值都呈现出在绿光波段较大,在红光和近红外波段偏小的特点,这和实测结果相符。ACORN校正后的图像的角度特征更好地与实测结果吻合。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51504084)the Education Department of Fujian Province (No.JA15493)
文摘To research techniques for removing the water blocking effect caused by hydraulic applications in coal seams,the use of surfactants is proposed,based on the mechanics of the water blocking effect.Centrifugal experiments were used to validate the effects of using surfactants;the results show that after dealing with vacuum saturation with water,the volume of micropores decreases,which results in a larger average pore size,and the volume of transitional pores,mesopores,macropores and total pores increases.Based on the distribution of pore size,the operation mode of ‘‘water infusion after gas extraction,then continuing gas extraction" is recommended to improve the volume of coal mine gas drainage.When the reflectance of vitrinite in coal samples is less than 1,using the surfactants Fast T,1631,APG,BS can mitigate the damage caused by the water blocking effect.But when the reflectance of vitrinite is larger than 1.4,the damage caused by the water blocking effect can be increased.When the surfactant CMC is used in hydraulic applications,the capillary forces of coal samples are almost negative,which means the capillary force is in the same direction as the gas extraction.The direction of capillary forces benefits the gas flow.So,using CMC can play an active role in removing the water blocking effect.Centrifugal experiments confirm that using CMC can effectively remove the water blocking effect,which has a beneficial effect on improving the gas drainage volume.
