水-土-作物系统的模糊随机优化配置研究

运用多目标模糊随机优化模型,对区域内水-土-作物系统的管理规划和优化配置进行了研究。模型以经济效益、社会效益、生态效益和劳动力的利用为主要目标,寻求作物种植的最优模式,实现对水土资源的最佳配置。为了很好地处理多目标规划中的权重分配问题,采用模糊定权的方法确定各个目标的权重。在建立优化模型时,同时考虑了模糊因素和随机因素对决策问题的影响,因而所得的模型更加客观、合理,能够使各种有限的资源得到充分有效的利用。应用实例表明,该模型理论严谨、操作简单、计算简便,将其应用到农业系统的水-土-作物的优化配置是可行的,能合理地分配各种资源,从而能提高作物产量和经济效益。

Interaction of Pb and Cd in Soil－Water－Plant System and its Mechanism： I．Pb－Cd Interaction in Red Soil－Plant System

A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage. The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stageS and chemical compounds added. The plant height and the root weight were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interiction in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl_2 and CdCl_2 added. However, the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly effected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)_2 and CdCl_2. The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage. It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice.