Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsio...Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsion sys-tem. The organics used is commercial kerosene. The volume ratio of water to organics is 1︰1. The results show that the type and valence of electrolyte cations are important factors influencing the microemulsion behavior. Biva-lent Ca2＋is more effective than monovalent K＋and Na＋for the formation of Winsor type III and II microemulsion. For electrolytes with the same monovalent cation Na＋, i.e. NaCl and Na2CO3, anions in the electrolyte have some effect. Bivalent anion 23CO - leads to a lower activity of cation Na＋than monovalent anion Cl-. NaOH （or KOH） behaves similar with NaCl （or KCl）. When HCl is used as electrolyte, its acidity plays an important role. Phase in-version of microemulsion from type III （or II） to type I is observed through precipitation of Ca2＋using Na2CO3, neutralization of HCl by NaOH, and addition of water to the system, which releases the oil from the microemulsion.展开更多
As a new kind of2D nanomaterials, graphene oxide （GO） with 2-4 layers was fabricated rio a modified Hummers method and used for the preparation ofpervaporation （PV） membranes. Such GO membranes were prepared via a...As a new kind of2D nanomaterials, graphene oxide （GO） with 2-4 layers was fabricated rio a modified Hummers method and used for the preparation ofpervaporation （PV） membranes. Such GO membranes were prepared via a facile vacuum-assisted method on anodic aluminium oxide disks and applied for the dehydration of butanol. To obtain GO membranes with high performance, effects of pre-treatments, including high-speed centrifugal treat- ment of GO dispersion and thermal treatment of GO membranes, were investigated. In addition, effects of operation conditions on the performance of GO membranes in the PV process and the stability of GO membranes were also studied. It is of benefit to improve the selectivity of GO membrane by pre-treatment that centrifuges the GO dispersion with 10000 r· min^- 1 for 40 min, which could purify the GO dispersion by removing the large size GO sheets. As prepared GO membrane showed high separation performance for the butanol/water system. The separation factor was 230, and the permeability was as high as 3.1 kg·m^- 2·h^-1 when the PV temperature was 50 ℃ and the water content in feed was 10% （by mass）. Meanwhile, the membrane still showed good stability for the dehydration of butanol after running for 1800 min in the PV process. GO membranes are suitable candidates for butanol dehydration via PV process.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21106187)Promotive Research Funds for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province(BS2011NJ021)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(11CX05016A)the Graduate Innovation Project of CUP 2012(CX-1214)
文摘Experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of cation from electrolytes and acidity/alkalinity on the phase behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate-n-butanol-organics-water （with electrolytes） microemulsion sys-tem. The organics used is commercial kerosene. The volume ratio of water to organics is 1︰1. The results show that the type and valence of electrolyte cations are important factors influencing the microemulsion behavior. Biva-lent Ca2＋is more effective than monovalent K＋and Na＋for the formation of Winsor type III and II microemulsion. For electrolytes with the same monovalent cation Na＋, i.e. NaCl and Na2CO3, anions in the electrolyte have some effect. Bivalent anion 23CO - leads to a lower activity of cation Na＋than monovalent anion Cl-. NaOH （or KOH） behaves similar with NaCl （or KCl）. When HCl is used as electrolyte, its acidity plays an important role. Phase in-version of microemulsion from type III （or II） to type I is observed through precipitation of Ca2＋using Na2CO3, neutralization of HCl by NaOH, and addition of water to the system, which releases the oil from the microemulsion.
基金Supported by the National High Technical Research Program of China(2012AA03A606)the Project of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(12KJA530001)the Innovative Research Team Program by the Ministry of Education of China(IRT13070)
文摘As a new kind of2D nanomaterials, graphene oxide （GO） with 2-4 layers was fabricated rio a modified Hummers method and used for the preparation ofpervaporation （PV） membranes. Such GO membranes were prepared via a facile vacuum-assisted method on anodic aluminium oxide disks and applied for the dehydration of butanol. To obtain GO membranes with high performance, effects of pre-treatments, including high-speed centrifugal treat- ment of GO dispersion and thermal treatment of GO membranes, were investigated. In addition, effects of operation conditions on the performance of GO membranes in the PV process and the stability of GO membranes were also studied. It is of benefit to improve the selectivity of GO membrane by pre-treatment that centrifuges the GO dispersion with 10000 r· min^- 1 for 40 min, which could purify the GO dispersion by removing the large size GO sheets. As prepared GO membrane showed high separation performance for the butanol/water system. The separation factor was 230, and the permeability was as high as 3.1 kg·m^- 2·h^-1 when the PV temperature was 50 ℃ and the water content in feed was 10% （by mass）. Meanwhile, the membrane still showed good stability for the dehydration of butanol after running for 1800 min in the PV process. GO membranes are suitable candidates for butanol dehydration via PV process.
