Solving chemical dynamic optimization problems with ranking-based differential evolution algorithms

Dynamic optimization problems(DOPs) described by differential equations are often encountered in chemical engineering. Deterministic techniques based on mathematic programming become invalid when the models are non-differentiable or explicit mathematical descriptions do not exist. Recently, evolutionary algorithms are gaining popularity for DOPs as they can be used as robust alternatives when the deterministic techniques are invalid. In this article, a technology named ranking-based mutation operator(RMO) is presented to enhance the previous differential evolution(DE) algorithms to solve DOPs using control vector parameterization. In the RMO, better individuals have higher probabilities to produce offspring, which is helpful for the performance enhancement of DE algorithms. Three DE-RMO algorithms are designed by incorporating the RMO. The three DE-RMO algorithms and their three original DE algorithms are applied to solve four constrained DOPs from the literature. Our simulation results indicate that DE-RMO algorithms exhibit better performance than previous non-ranking DE algorithms and other four evolutionary algorithms.

YD/T 1885-2009 Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Wired Headset Interface of Mobile Communication Terminal

The communications industrial standard YD/T 1885-2009 provides the types of headset interfaces, the performance requirements and test methods. Since the release of this standard, more and more manufacturers have adopted the concentric connector, which gives more choices to consumers and also has benefits on the environmental protection and the healthy development of the mobile terminal industry. Now, the universal headset interface has been included in the draft ITU-T recommendation P.381. lts internationalization will further enhance the universality of the mobile phone headset interlace. It is China＇s another great contribution to the international standardization following the standard of universal power adapter for mobile phones.

Research on the Architecture of e-manufacturing and Its Application

This paper introduces the conception of e-manufacturing and puts forward a reference architecture of e-manufacturing.Some features of e-manufacturing and three types of information sharing are discussed.An application for monitoring equipment with e-mail is given.

Design of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) for TDD-OFDM system

Reliability-based hybrid automatic repeat request （HARQ） （RB-HARQ） is a recently developed form of incremental-redundancy ARQ. It achieves good performance whereas large retransmission request packets should be fed back. In this paper, in order to reduce the number of the fed back bits, we propose a HARQ scheme applied in time duplex division orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （TDD- OFI）M） system over the slow fading channel which is named channel-based HARQ （CB-HARQ）. Because one bit which meets deep fading is always with small value of log likelihood ratio （LLR） during the process of decoding of LDPC code, the bits transmitted on the carrier with deep fading are retransmitted. At the receiver, the decoder will compute the locations of retransmission bits according to the channel fading values which are gotten by utilizing the feature of channel symmetry in TDD mode. So the indices of retransmission bits are avoided to be transmitted. Simulation results show that this method achieves better BER performance and requires much smaller request packets in feedback link.

Event-Oriented Dynamic Security Service for Demand Response in Smart Grid Employing Mobile Networks

Equipped with millions of sensors and smart meters in smart gird,a reliable and resilient wireless communication technology is badly needed.Mobile networks are among the major energy communication networks which contribute to global energy consumption increase rapidly.As one of core technologies of smart grid employing mobile networks,Demand Response(DR) helps improving efficiency,reliability and security for electric power grid infrastructure.Security of DR events is one of the most important issues in DR.However,the security requirements of different DR events are dynamic for variousactual demands.To address this,an event-oriented dynamic security service mechanism is proposed for DR.Three kinds of security services including security access service,security communication service and security analysis service for DR event are composited dynamically by the fine-grained sub services.An experiment prototype of the network of State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC) is established.Experiment and evaluations shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme in smart grid employing mobile network.

孙子定理探源

本文企图通过一种自然的逻辑思路去探索孙子定理发现的思维 轨道，并把临界诱导原理渗透到探索进程与教学实践中去。

Application of LINGO to the Solution of the Water Supply System′s Optimal Operation Model

In this research, LINGO is used successfully to solve the water supply system′s optimal operation model. Firstly, the language of LINGO and the using method were studied intensively, on the basis of which the model was transformed to LINGO form and solved successfully. Secondly, the research on the interface between LINGO and the popular office software was made. The optimization software was developed, which had Excel as the workspace and LINGO as the core of computation. Through practice, this software was found stable, easy to use and suitable for the application to the water supply corporations.

Functional imaging and endoscopy

The emergence of endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases and the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has brought great changes.The mere observation of anatomy with the imaging mode using modern endoscopy has played a significant role in this regard.However,increasing numbers of endoscopies have exposed additional deficiencies and defects such as anatomically similar diseases.Endoscopy can be used to examine lesions that are difficult to identify and diagnose.Early disease detection requires that substantive changes in biological function should be observed,but in the absence of marked morphological changes,endoscopic detection and diagnosis are difficult.Disease detection requires not only anatomic but also functional imaging to achieve a comprehensive interpretation and understanding.Therefore,we must ask if endoscopic examination can be integrated with both anatomic imaging and functional imaging.In recent years,as molecular biology and medical imaging technology have further developed,more functional imaging methods have emerged.This paper is a review of the literature related to endoscopic optical imaging methods in the hopes of initiating integration of functional imaging and anatomical imaging to yield a new and more effective type of endoscopy.

Technological requirements of profile machining

The term ‘profile machining’ is used to refer to the milling of vertical surfaces described by profile curves. Profile machining requires higher precision (1/1000 mm) than regular 3D machining (1/100 mm) with the erosion of sharp vertices should being especially avoided. Although, profile machining is very essential for making trimming and flange dies, it seldom brought into focus. This paper addresses the technological requirements of profile machining including machining width and depth control, minimizing toolware, and protecting sharp vertices. Issues of controller alarms are also addressed.

Study on the concentrated SF_6 quantitative intelligent ultrasonic detection system

In order to realize on-line quantitative detection on SF6 and effective control of nlnning state of SF6 high voltage power supply system, a concentrated SF6 quantitative ultrasonic on-line deteetion system has been developed based on the actual demand of electric power system consumers. There are four major characteristics in this system. Firstly, the gas of maximum 64 detection points is transferred through the specific air path to the detection devices to he detected and analyzed, thereby the electrical lines and the complicated installation of the collectors can be avoided; secondly, the differential technique is used to shield the influence of environmental factors, which effectively improves the accuracy of the acoustic detection; thirdly, the SF6 coneentration is determined by the speed and phase in the ultrasonic wave trans- mission process, therefore there is no secondary pollution for the purely physical means; finally, the ma- ture embedded technique is applied in this system to improve its intelligence and stability.

Flexibility of MIP Technology

The flexibility of MIP technology to meet market demand is mainly introduced in this study. Their commercial application and technical principle are analyzed too. The MIP technology with wide feed adaptability can form a good combination with other technologies. The MIP technology has been applied extensively in China. Based on this platform, the CGP, MIP-LTG and MIP-DCR technologies have been developed, which can further improve the flexibility of MIP technology. Based on its novel reaction control technique with a sole sequential two-zone riser, the MIP users can easily switch to different operating modes between producing either more clean gasoline and propylene or diesel through changing the catalysts and varying the operating conditions. That offers MIP users with enough production flexibility and a rational production arrangement to meet the market demand. The MIP-DCR technology with less dry gas and coke yields can provide a more flexible operating mode since the catalysts to oil ratio has become an independent variable.

An Overview of the Smart Grid in Great Britain

This paper presents an overview of the current status of the development of the smart grid in Great Britain(GB).The definition,policy and technical drivers,incentive mechanisms,technological focus,and the industry's progress in developing the smart grid are described.In particular,the Low Carbon Networks Fund and Electricity Network Innovation Competition projects,together with the rollout of smart metering,are detailed.A more observable,controllable,automated,and integrated electricity network will be supported by these investments in conjunction with smart meter installation.It is found that the focus has mainly been on distribution networks as well as on real-time flows of information and interaction between suppliers and consumers facilitated by improved information and communications technology,active power flow management,demand management,and energy storage.The learning from the GB smart grid initiatives will provide valuable guidelines for future smart grid development in GB and other countries.

Estimation of the Maximum Annual Loads Modeling for Kingdom of Bahrain

The present paper proposes the impact of the air temperature on electricity demand as expected. It is clear that the annual maximum load is recorded versus the years starting by the year 2009 up to 2012. At present, the graph fitting technique is applied with some mathematical and computational tools based on the actual values of the years 2009 up to 2012 considering the lower values, the higher values and the average values of the annual maximum loads for Kingdom of Bahrain. For the three scenarios, the models are obtained by curve fitting technique. As well, the model of actual loads is obtained finally which has mostly the closest values obtained.

Service Model Transformation of the Standards Library in the Network Environment

In the network environment, changes of resources structure, information technology and users requirements of standards library cause series of problems such as unobvious effect of services, low efficiency of resource utilization, poor innovation ability, etc. And we point out the problems and challenges faced by traditional standards library in the network environment. The standards library must redesign the organization structure and business process radically so that standards library could improve the service model, enhance the service quality and utilization rate of various document resources.

Economic and Social Impact of Advanced Research at Universities

The major purpose of any university is high-quality education of its students for the needs of society. Qualified staff （including teachers and administration） is the necessary condition for high-quality education of students. The qualified staff （university teachers） can only be internationally competitive when they do high quality research andactively participate in the university management. Government and industry set up the ＂boundary conditions＂ for universities, but they should not interfere into the internal self-governance of the universities, and should respect academic freedom. A world-class university has its own Triple Helix uniting education, research and innovation. A few specific examples of practical realization of such ＂sub＂ Triple Helix are given, which are based on personal experience of the author during 24 years of his work as a professor at leading universities in the USA, Germany and Japan. Though some findings and conclusions may have limited use in any particular country, there are universal features that should be present in any modem university interested in increasing its impact on local environment, concerned with interaction to local government and local businesses, and striving for top positions in international rankings.

A Reliable and Secure Smart Grid Communication Network Using a Comprehensive Cost Function

SG （smart grids） is an intelligent power grid in which the diverse nodes should communicate different types of information which have different communication requirements with CS （control stations）. There exist several RATs （radio access technologies）, with diversification in quality of service character which respect to the SG nodes communication requirements. On the other side, spectrum is becoming a rare source and its demands request is increasing exponentially. Therefore, resource allocation to support different types of SG nodes should be elaborated so that the resource efficiency is maximized while the SG communication requirements are respected. Using a CF （cost function） based on the SG node requirements and RATs characteristics to find the desirability value of every RATs for a certain node type accomplish this goal in combination with prioritizing the different SG nodes types based on SG goals by creating a priority table for RATs and different SG node types. The main node communication requirements are formulized to be used in the CF in this paper. The numerical results show that the proposed method defines the desirability value of each RAT for a certain SG node type that helps to make a priority table by using the SG node prioritization table.

A Study of the Effect of Computer Technology on Translation

Under the background of global economic development, Training to meet market demand, the excellent translation professionals is imperative, as the professional computer aided translation is a very important subject of college professional translation, it should be combined with market demand. In this paper, we analyzed and proposed practical solutions to the importance of computer-aided translation programs and the problems and difficulties currently faced. To create student-centered teaching principles, the computer translation soRware is the basis, and combines with a wide range of resources to adapt to a full range of training qualified personnel translation market.

Study on the Design and Application of Enterprise Information Management System

Along with the continuous development and application of information technology, the information management system of the modem enterprises plays a crucial role in achieving efficient enterprise development. In this paper, the current problems in the information management system of modem enterprises are analyzed, the demand analysis of the information management system design is introduced, and also a feasible enterprise information management system is designed based on B/S mode.

International Workshop on 5G and Future Networks Held in Beijing

As the future network is developing towards broadband,convergence,virtualization and intelligence,dramatic changes will happen in the network applications and its industrial chain.The rapid development of mobile Internet and Io T will bring about huge market requirements,while key 5G mobile communication technologies and the cloud network are ready for new breakthroughs.The integration of the 5G and cloud network will bring revolutionary changes to the future network.

Discussion on the Current Situation and Artistic Characteristics of the 4 Intangible Cultural Heritage Relics Worldwide

Nowadays, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. In the course of historical development, ancestors of human beings created incomparable cultural heritage relics and spiritual civilization with their diligent hands and the great wisdom left us countless cultural heritage relics, many of them have become the famous wonder of the world. These civilizations and cultural heritage are located in Asia, Europe and America, Africa, for example, the Egyptian Pyramids, Acropolis in Athens. Mayan Civilization in Mexico, Mogao Grottoes of Dun Huang of China, Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Figurines, Angkor Wat-Cambodia, Venice-ltaly, the Buddhas of Bamiyan in Afghanistan. The essay will mainly choose the 4 most famous representative cultural heritages worldwide to discuss their artistic characteristics, current situation and damage level and effective protective measures.