从词汇量角度再探汉语婴儿是否存在“名词优势”

本研究采用交叉聚合设计,从词汇量角度考察了两岁左右汉语婴儿是否存在＂名词优势＂现象。在前测中,110名18、24和30个月龄的儿童接受了PCDI量表和父母问卷调查;6个月后,18个月和24个月组接受了PCDI量表的再测。本研究将＂名词优势效应＂定义为＂（名词得分-动词得分）/词汇总分＂（以k值表示）,将名词得分大于动词得分者定义为＂名词优势者＂。结果发现：（1）从各年龄组均值来看,18个月组名词优势效应较小（k=.07）,24及30个月组名词优势效应显著增大（k=.11~.19）。（2）从个体水平来看,18个月组名词优势者和动词优势者约各占50%（p〉.05）,而24、30个月组中81~100%的儿童都是名词优势者。该结果提示,以往不同研究之间的分歧可能是由于名词优势是随年龄而动态变化的。

Treatment of Cough and Dyspnea due to Acute Bronchitis by Plaster for Cough and Dyspnea——A Report of 735 Cases

In the light of the theory of treating the internal disease externally, an externally used plaster for treating cough and dyspnea due to acute bronchitis (Ke Chuan Yi Tie Kang [symbol: see text]-[symbol: see text]) was successfully applied to 735 cases of acute bronchitis (the treatment group), with the other 423 cases treated with routine western drugs as controls. The results showed that the cure rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P