Dynamic of forest landscape in Heilongjiang Province for one century

With the help of GIS tool of ARC/INFO, ARCVIEW and FRAGSTATS, the map of forest resource distribution of Heilongjiang Province was analyzed in 1896, 1949 and 1981. Using total area, mean patch size, patch density, coefficient of patch size variation, mean patch fractal dimension and mean shape index, we studied the change of forest landscape pattern and the change of each patch types in this region. As a result, the total area of forest landscape and mean patch size decreased sharply, the quantity and density of patches increased, the juxtaposition of patches weakened, the shape of patch tended to become regular, and the border of patch simplified. All these showed that the forest landscape of this area tended to fragment gradually, and the fragment of Korean pine forest is the severest. The diversity of whole forest landscape and the evenness of landscape types distribution reduced gradually. Human impact, instead of climate change and forest community succession, is the most important reason for such dramatic changes.

味道鲜美的“初恋”鸡汤

刚开学，阿强和我达成一致共识：这学期一定要找到自己的另一半!

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.

Design and implementation --the comprehension of the second stage landscape engineering of the NO.1 Xiangjiang in Changsha

Successful completion of the landscape design work, the implementation on-site is very important besides the prophase design. While in the process of project implementation, what plays an important role is the relationship between persons to persons and persons to things, but not just a simple drawing on the paper. This paper summarized some aspects of project implementation of the NOd Xiangjiang in Changsha, and hopes to achieve the designer＇ s desired results when the landscaping project is completed.

Metallogenic origin of Sipingshan hot spring gold deposit in Hulin of Heilongjiang and its metallogenic mode

Sipingshan gold deposit is gold-bearing sillcalite in type. There only exist a few kinds of sulfide in the ore and it is lower in content. The gold degree is lower. Au is closely related to the Ag, Cu, Pb, As and Hg elements. The upper sillealite has Eu and Ce negative anomaly, and the lower sillealite has Eu positive anomaly, however, the hot spring cemented breccia and rhyolite porphyry have Eu negative anomaly; the S isotope component has deep-seated magmatic sulfur and terrestrial sulfate characteristic; and the Ph isotope has the character of the mixture origin of crust and mantle that is mainly dominated by Pb in the orogenic beh. The oreforming tluid temperature is 180℃-244℃ , characterized by magmatie hydrothermal and meteoric water; and the ore-forming age is 87 Ma. The deposit was formed by the metallogenic fluid in the tectonic fault zone overtlowing near the earth＇ s surface and leading to the metallogenic funetion and the metallogenic substar,ee deposition.

Study on Poplar Industrialization in Jiangsu:(2) Present Status and Problems of Poplar Industrialization

This paper lists the existing main problems that poplar industry faces in Jiangsu and analyses thecauses and the activities of different industry related to management institution and system according to thefactors of knowledge infrastructure, institutional setups, government policies and production structure.

Study on Poplar Industrialization in Jiangsu:(3) Conclusions and Recommendations on Poplar Industrialization Management

Thisarticleconcludesthat the creation of a new industrial management, including theinnovation of management institution, operation system, industrial policies and industrial technology, isa solution to the managementoptimization of the poplarindustry. The further developmentofthe poplar industry isbeneficial to the sustainabledevelopment ofthe society, economy and ecological environment in Jiangsu province.

Denitrification Rates and Their Controlling Factors in Streams of the Han River Basin with Different Land-Use Patterns

Land-use patterns can affect various nutrient cycles in stream ecosystems, but little information is available about the effects of urban development on denitrification processes at the watershed scale. In the presented study, we investigated the controlling factors of denitrification rates within the streams of the Han River Basin, Korea, with different land-use patterns, in order to enhance the effectiveness of water resource management strategies. Ten watersheds were classified into three land-use patterns （forest, agriculture and urban） using satellite images and geographic information system techniques, and in-situ denitrification rates were determined using an acetylene blocking method. Additionally, sediment samples were collected from each stream to analyze denitrifier communities and abundance using molecular approaches. In-situ denitrification rates were found to be in the order of agricultural streams （289.6 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 urban streams （157.0 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 forested streams （41.9 mg N20-N m-2 d-l）. In contrast, the average quantity of denitrifying genes was the lowest in the urban streams. Genetic diversity of denitrifying genes was not affected by watershed land-use pattern, but exhibited stream-dependent pattern. More significance factors were involved in denitrification in the sites with higher denitrification rates. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that clay, dissolved organic carbon and water contents were the main factors controlling denitrification rate in the agricultural streams, while dissolved organic carbon was the main controlling factor in the urban streams. In contrast, temperature appeared to be the main controlling factor in the forested streams.