闽北地区前汛期锋面云系雷达回波特征

本文利用多年雷达回波资料,统计分析华南前汛期(闽北)锋面云系不同部位,不同云型回波的结构,降水特征,层结稳定度;并对地形和中尺度系统与回波的新生、发展,组组化的关系作探讨。

利用基于气象因素的BP神经网络对污闪进行预测的探索

对绝缘子污闪的预测进行了研究。污闪的发生与当地的气象因素有密切的关系,结合当地的气象条件研究污闪的发生,建立当地的年度降水、积污期气温与污闪的BP神经网络,根据乌鲁木齐的气象特征与当地的污闪状况利用matlab软件进行了仿真,能够较好地预测次年的污闪发生情况,结果与实际情况比较符合。

均生函数预报模型在西藏汛期旱涝预报中的应用

以给定的时间序列 ,通过正交化处理 ,利用双评分准则筛选均生函数 ,建立均生函数预报模型 ,并把几个最优周期的均生函数叠加后得到 3 1年降水量的拟合序列 ,建立了全区降水、气温预报系统。用均生函数分别对西藏 2 3个站点 ,初夏 ( 5～ 6月 )、盛夏 ( 7～ 8月 ) ,夏季 ( 5～ 9月 )降水量进行了模拟外延 ,试报 1 999年、2 0 0 0年、2 0 0 1年降水趋势。通过单站预报结果 ,分析大范围气候趋势 ,并综合其他预报方法 。

广东电网防污闪气象预警研究

根据广东历史气象资料,分析电网污闪与气象要素的关系,寻找影响电网污闪的气象指标,建立全省电网防污气象预警模型,通过防污气象预警系统发布预警信号可以为广东电网的防污闪工作提供有效的帮助。

白龟山水库汛期划分初步分析及应用

白龟山水库是河南省大型水利工程之一,其首要任务是防洪。为缓解防洪与兴利的矛盾,将整个汛期划分为主汛期和后汛期,划分的方法是利用流域降雨洪水的变化规律,采用模糊理论进行的。根据汛期模糊子集隶属函数,推求出各分期的汛限水位。然后分期进行洪水调度,分期蓄水,科学调度,经过近两年在汛期水库调度中的应用,结果表明提高了水库的综合效益。

百期耕耘 百期辉煌——写在《山东农机化》杂志出版社发行100期之际

自1979年12月《山东农机化》杂志创刊号出版发行开始,历经17个春秋,到这一期已整整出版发行100期了。 翻阅着这100期杂志,《山东农机化》杂志的发展史便历历在目:1979年12月杂志创刊时为不定期出版,内部赠阅,封面为双色套印,内页为铅字排印;1985年第1期(总第14期)开始改为季刊;1988年第1期(总第26期)开始内部征订发行;1989年第1期(总第30期)开始改为双月刊;1991年第1期(总第42期)开始为国内外公开发行;

实现城市雨水资源化的基本途径

在城市水利学的基础上 ,分析了国内外雨水资源利用的现状 ,并简述了城市雨水资源化的提出及其内涵 ,提出了实现城市雨水资源化的基本途径 ,为城市进行雨水的高效利用提供了依据。

Early-warning of Mud Expansion in Sewage Treatment Plants by A/O Technology

Early-warning is an effective way to control mud expansion in sewage treatment plants with A/O technology. In the research, warning indices and technology of active mud were explored and it is concluded that bacteria growth in mud can be obtained by observation of mud appearance and microorganism variety, and measurement of the number of filamentous bacteria, water quality, mud load and age, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH. Furthermore, filamentous bacteria in mud can be researched through fluorescence in situ hybridization, PCR-temperature denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism in order to determine the characters and states of active mud to achieve early warning of mud expansion.

和平崛起与大中国圈的和平整合

中国的崛起可以是不具威胁性的,相反,中国经济上的崛起为这些国家的经济发展提供了巨大的推动力。

Efficiency Valuation of DMUs with Undesirable Outputs

The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows its importance in the production to save the resources,improve the desirable outputs, and decrease the undesirable outputs,especially reduce the environmental pollution.

Characterizing urban road runoff quality in South China:a case study in Shenzhen

In order to have an in-depth understanding of road runoff characteristics and the linkages to their influential factors this paper investigates the road runoff quality in a city of South China Shenzhen.Four rainfall events with different characteristics are monitored on a typical urban road.It is noted that the road runoff quality is worse than Grade Ⅳ of environmental quality standards for surface water.This means that the road runoff has posed a serious risk to water environment health. Furthermore the research outcomes indicate that first flush highly varies with rainfall patterns and pollutant species.This means that for road runoff treatment design rainfall patterns as well as pollutant species should be taken into consideration and this is particularly essential to design first flush capturing devices. Additionally the threshold of an initial 3 to 5 mm rainfall depth is suggested to the first flush capturing device design.These results provide useful suggestions to the effective road runoff treatment design.

Short-term effects of air pollution on acute myocardial infarctions in Shanghai, China, 2013-2014

Background Although particulate matter, with diameters 〈 2.5 μm （PM2.5） and 〈 10 μm （PM10）, and other pollutants have been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the effect of pollutants on acute myocardial infarctions （AMIs） has rarely been investigated in Asia, especially in Shanghai, China. Methods Between 1 November 2013 and 27 April 2014, 972 patients from the Pudong District, Shanghai City, were assessed by the Emergency Medical Service. A case-crossover design was used to analyze exposure to air pollution and the AMI risk. Exposures to PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide （NO2）, sulphurdioxide （SO2）, and carbon monoxide （CO） were based on the mean urban background levels. The associations among AMI admissions, the included pollutants, temperature, and relative humidity were analyzed using correlation and logistic regression. Results The urban background levels of PM2.5, PM10 and CO were associated with an increased risk of AMI, unlike NO2 and SO2 levels. The OR （95% CI） for AMI were 1.16 （1.03-1.29）, 1.05 （1.01-1.16）, 0.82 （0.75-1.02）, 0.87 （0.63-1.95）, and 1.08 （1.02-1.21） for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO, respectively. Increases in the air quality index （AQI） were associated with more AMI occurrences. There was no correlation between fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity with AMI hospital admissions. Conclusions Short-term exposure to moderate-serious pollution levels is associated with increased risk of AMI. Increased PM2.5, PM10 and CO levels are related to increased AMI admissions.

Life cycle assessment for waste acid treatment in zinc smelting

Lift cycle assessment(LCA)methodology was applied to evaluating and comparing two waste acid disposal processes in zinc smelting.The results indicate that environmental impacts of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies are human toxicity,abiotic depletion potential,and global warming risk,which are mainly caused in neutralizing−evaporating−crystallization unit and electrodialysis unit.As for traditional lime neutralization method,vulcanization unit is the main factor.In this regard,the total environmental impact of traditional lime neutralization method is much higher than that of gas−liquid vulcanization technologies.Furthermore,the sensitive analysis shows that electricity and sodium sulfide(60%)are sensitive factors in two waste acid disposal technologies.In addition,the total cost of disposing a functional unit waste acid in traditional lime neutralization process is nearly 27 times that of the gas−liquid vulcanization waste acid disposal technologies.

Variation of toxic pollutants emission during a feeding cycle from an updraft fixed bed gasifier for disposing rural solid waste

The variation of toxic pollutants emission during a feeding cycle was examined by field monitoring from a batch feeding updraft fixed bed gasifier for disposing rural domestic solid waste. Results showed that the content of oxygen in flue gas gradually increased, while SO_2 and HCl in flue gas decreased with time after feeding in a whole feeding cycle. Although large amount of CO was produced during the gasifying, low CO content in flue gas could be obtained after the heat treatment with an electric heating device. The distribution characteristics of dioxin congeners in flue gas indicted the re-synthesis of dioxins after flue gas heating, and the increase of oxygen promoted the synthesis of dioxins. The emission content of dioxins could meet the standard(0.1 ng I-TEQ·m^(-3),GB18458-2014) of China when the oxygen content was controlled below 8.3%. Hence, for a batch feeding gasifier,low oxygen condition should be offered by reducing air intake at the later stage of feeding cycle in order to decrease the re-synthesis of dioxins after the flue gas heating.

Fouling Induction Period of CaCO_3 on Heated Surface

Fouling induction period of CaCO3 on heated surface was studied with the micro video technology. The rates of nucleating and nuclei growing were measured under various experimental conditions. The experimental results showed that both nucleating and nuclei growing rates of CaCO3 increased obviously with surface temperature and concentration of reagents. In addition, the experiment of fouling induction period on the surface material of chemical plated nickel-phosphorus-polytetrafluoroethylene indicated that not only the nucleate rate of CaCO3 decreased but also some fouling particles with certain size were easy to peel off from the heated surface under shearing stress, which means that the property of surface material is one of the most important factors influencing fouling induction periods.

A 150-year Isotopic Record of Lead Deposition in Yancheng Coastal Wetland,China

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead （Pb） deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using 210pb and 137Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported 21~Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and 21~pb chronologies were established （covering 150 years） using the constant rate of supply （CRS） model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17-22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/（m2·yr） to 172.70 mg/（m2·yr） with averages of 95.59-123.41 mg/（m2·yr）. Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the insta- bility of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

Obsolete Pesticides and Phytoremediation of Polluted Soil in Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, there are obsolete pesticides which should be buried in special dedicated and prepared burial sites or neutralized for minimization of dangerous genetic and ecological risks. The work in two years was identifying the obsolete pesticides in 91 the former warehouses of chemical plant protection products. In two regions （Almaty and Akmola regions） of Kazakhstan, the total amount of 388.6 tones of obsolete pesticides and unidentified stockpile material was observed, along with 513 pesticide containers. Results of the study have shown that soil around storehouses polluted by organochlorine pesticides residues in soil included metabolites of DDT （p, p＇-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane） and HCH （hexachlorocyclohexane）. The strategy was to identify pesticide-tolerant plant genotypes which can be used for phytoremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils in Almaty regions of Kazakhstan. The results have shown that selected wild species plants demonstrated ability to phytoaccumulation of organochlorine metabolites and reduce pesticide concentrations in soil （control without plant）. It was shown that accumulation of pesticides depended on the species of plants, plant biomass and pesticide concentrations in soil. The use of mineral fertilizers resulted in stimulation of growth and biomass accumulation followed by an increasing phytoextraction.

Rapid identification of single constant contaminant source by considering characteristics of real sensors

For the release of hazardous contaminant indoors, source identification is critical for developing effective response measures. A method which can quickly and accurately identify the position, emission rate, and release time of a single constant contaminant source by using real sensors was presented. The method was numerically demonstrated and validated by a case study of contaminant release in a three-dimensional office. The effects of the measurement errors and total sampling period of sensor on the performance of source identification were thoroughly studied. The results indicate that the adverse effects of the measurement errors can be mitigated by extending the total sampling period. For reaching a desirable accuracy of source identification, the total sampling period should exceed a certain threshold, which can be determined by repeatedly running the identification method tmtil the results tend to be stable. The method presented can contribute to develop an onsite source identification system for protecting occupants from indoor releases.

Idea and goals of environmental protection and ecological construction in the 11^(th) five-year plan period

In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.

Effect of Salinity on Reeds in the Treatment of High Salinity LandfilI-Leachates Using HFs

The growth of reeds was impeded remarkably under a salinity of 15.0±3.4 g CI·L-1 in the first year of this experiment, recovered in the second year and then increased year-by-year afterward. The growth of reeds under a salinity of 9.3±1.9 g CI·Ll was much better than those under 15.0 ± 3.4 g CI·L1. The stress effect was significant for shoot extension but not for the quantity of shoots increase. The dense vegetation bed during the vegetation period （June-October） provided a high rate of evapotranspiration and water loss from HFs （horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands）, which made large contributions to reducing pollutant load. The HFs with die-back reeds in the non-vegetation periods （November-March） provided slight evapotranspiration and water loss and made less of a contribution to reducing pollutants removal compared to HFs with the dense vegetation bed in the vegetation periods. However, the HFs with die-back reeds in the non-vegetation periods had higher removal performance than the HF without reeds. This indicated that the rhizosphere of HFs with reeds might play important roles, such as that the microbes around rhizomes might have a higher amount of pollutant-removing microbe activity than those in the HF without reeds during the non-vegetation period.