紫湖溪植物富集生活污水磷氮效果的研究

[目的]调查紫湖溪岸边植物富集生活污水中总磷、总氮的富集能力。[方法]通过调查分布于紫湖溪岸边的污染富集植物类群、土壤及水体中总氮、总磷的分布情况,分析这些植物中氮、磷的富集程度,并从中筛选出富集能力较强的植物。[结果]水样和土样中总氮和总磷含量较高,达到严重污染程度。少数植物基本无富集能力,其中富集总氮能力较好的为华东唐松草、马唐、牛繁缕、一年蓬、禺毛茛等;马唐、羊蹄、一年蓬、印度蔊菜有较好的总磷富集能力。[结论]该研究为优良富集植物的筛选及南京市区生活污水的生物治理提供了一定的帮助。

Research Progress of Phytoremediation Technology on Soils Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mining Areas

Phytoremediation is an efficient and economic ecological technology. It includes phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and plant absorption. In the research, status quo and progress of Phytostabilization and plant absorption in soils polluted with heavy metals in metal mines were summarized, including the characteristics and status quo of phytoremediation and selection method of hyperaccumulator. In addition, further research was proposed as well.

Environmantal Risk Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic in Spinacea Olaracea L, and Lactuca Sativa L

Pollution of the environment, particularly the soil, appears to be one of the major contemporary issues. In addition, many studies point to the involvement of ecological risk of heavy metals into the food chain through edible plants like Spinaceae oleraceae L. and Lactuca sativa L.. This paper presents the results of the ＂ex-situ＂ application of phytoacumulation on the soils of contaminated terrain using the plant species of spinach （Spinacea oleracea L.） and lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.）. Sequestration of arsen from the soil by these plant species was observed through phytoaccumulation factor--PF and limit values （mg/kg）. The main task and objective of this research was to establish the level of accumulation of toxic element As from the soil by plants and to calculate the PF factor of transfer. The experiment was set up in the control conditions where the soil from eight contaminated locations was placed in the experimental containers. The AAS method was used to analyze heavy metal in plant material and soil. PF factor values ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 which indicates that the spinach and lettuce plants rechargeable moderate compared to arsenic.

Factors Affecting Phytoextraction： A Review

Hyperaccumulators concentrate trace metals and heavy metals in their shoots when grown in metal-contaminated soils and these trace metal-loaded plants may be removed by harvesting the fields. Studies exploring the beneficial role of these hyperaccumulators to clean up the environment have led to the development of phytoextraction. The success of phytoextraction depends upon the high biomass of plant species and bioavailability of metals for plant uptake. The phytoavailability of metals is influenced by soil- associated factors, such as pH, redox potential, cation exchange capacity, soil type, and soil texture, and by plant-associated factors, such as root exudates and root rhizosphere processes （microorganisms）. Efficiency of phytoextraction can be improved by advanced agronomic practices including soil and crop management by application of genetic engineering to enhance the metal tolerance, shoot translocation, accumulation, and sequestration and by application of chelate treatments to enhance metal bioavailability. Application of microorganisms including bacteria and mycorrhiza may facilitate the phytoextraction application at commercially large scale.

Cadmium Accumulation and Translocation in Two Jerusalem Artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) Cultivars

Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) not just can be used for bioethanol production but may be potentially used in phytoremediation for the removal of heavy metal pollutants.Two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars,N2 and N5,were subjected to six cadmium(Cd) concentrations(0,5,25,50,100 and 200 mg L1) to investigate Cd tolerance and accumulation.After 21 days of growth,the effects of Cd on growth,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO2 concentration and malondialdehyde content were evaluated.Most growth parameters were reduced under Cd stress.The two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars had relatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation capacity(> 100 mg kg1),with N5 being more tolerant and having higher Cd accumulation than N2.Roots accumulated more Cd than stems and leaves.The bioconcentration factors(far higher than 1) and translocation factors(lower than 1) decreased with an increase in Cd applied.The results suggested that Jerusalem artichoke could be grown at relatively high Cd loads,and N5 could be an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.