The nexus between water, food and energy is one of the most fundamental relationships and challenges for society. Indeed, seepage of wastes stored into dumping sites of Edea township, favor their lixiviation. Soluble ...The nexus between water, food and energy is one of the most fundamental relationships and challenges for society. Indeed, seepage of wastes stored into dumping sites of Edea township, favor their lixiviation. Soluble components of matter are slowly dissolves, drained by meteoric water and flowed into tail bay vicinity. Knowledge of trace and toxic metal concentrations in the biotic matrices is important for assessing the effects of pollutants and the risk of exposure. In this study, A1, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were quantified respectively in 33 samples of soil and water, using ICP-MS （Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry）, Pb were found between 1.38-88.28 mg/L. Higher concentrations of Al were found in Alucam industrial wastes （315,502.33 mg/kg）, and in Hysacam domestic wastes （54,126.93 mg/kg）. Concentrations of Cd （1.955 mg/kg）, Pb （469.00 mg/kg） and Zn （853.00 rng/kg） are higher in domestic wastes. The ones of Mn （696.96 mg/kg） and Cu （1,320.10 mg/kg） are higher in industrial wastes. Higher concentrations of Pb and Cu let assume that it is a risk of poisoning relative to these elements around this area. These findings illustrate that lixiviation of dumping wastes has great influence on water and soils pollutions of the study ecosystem.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the benefits,and challenges towards providing multifunctional urban green spaces.The results are based on critical analysis of study findings from different cities in Europe,Amer...The aim of this paper is to illustrate the benefits,and challenges towards providing multifunctional urban green spaces.The results are based on critical analysis of study findings from different cities in Europe,America and to a lesser extent in Asia.Inner-city green spaces are especially important for improving air quality through uptake of pollutant gases and particulates which are responsible for respiratory infections.Due to their amenity and aesthetics,green spaces increase property value.To ensure multifunctional role of urban a green space is achieved,in particular the social and psychological role,certain standards of quantity,quality and distribution within the urban area should be adequately established.Green spaces need to be uniformly distributed throughout the city area,although each does not need to be extremely large but should be large enough to accommodate the city population.展开更多
The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the ...The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the course of epidemic. The potential sources of infection are specified. The ways to avoid similar situations in the future are suggested. The analysis of the locations of the cholera contamination sources results in the obvious conclusion that most of them are connected with the place where the river Kalmius meets the Azov Sea. Waste flow from the residential solid waste landfill brings a considerable harm to the river Kalmius and the Azov Sea.展开更多
Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be con...Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid ＂dead ends＂ if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a ＂dead end＂ if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.展开更多
文摘The nexus between water, food and energy is one of the most fundamental relationships and challenges for society. Indeed, seepage of wastes stored into dumping sites of Edea township, favor their lixiviation. Soluble components of matter are slowly dissolves, drained by meteoric water and flowed into tail bay vicinity. Knowledge of trace and toxic metal concentrations in the biotic matrices is important for assessing the effects of pollutants and the risk of exposure. In this study, A1, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were quantified respectively in 33 samples of soil and water, using ICP-MS （Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry）, Pb were found between 1.38-88.28 mg/L. Higher concentrations of Al were found in Alucam industrial wastes （315,502.33 mg/kg）, and in Hysacam domestic wastes （54,126.93 mg/kg）. Concentrations of Cd （1.955 mg/kg）, Pb （469.00 mg/kg） and Zn （853.00 rng/kg） are higher in domestic wastes. The ones of Mn （696.96 mg/kg） and Cu （1,320.10 mg/kg） are higher in industrial wastes. Higher concentrations of Pb and Cu let assume that it is a risk of poisoning relative to these elements around this area. These findings illustrate that lixiviation of dumping wastes has great influence on water and soils pollutions of the study ecosystem.
文摘The aim of this paper is to illustrate the benefits,and challenges towards providing multifunctional urban green spaces.The results are based on critical analysis of study findings from different cities in Europe,America and to a lesser extent in Asia.Inner-city green spaces are especially important for improving air quality through uptake of pollutant gases and particulates which are responsible for respiratory infections.Due to their amenity and aesthetics,green spaces increase property value.To ensure multifunctional role of urban a green space is achieved,in particular the social and psychological role,certain standards of quantity,quality and distribution within the urban area should be adequately established.Green spaces need to be uniformly distributed throughout the city area,although each does not need to be extremely large but should be large enough to accommodate the city population.
文摘The cases of cholera in Mariupol and adjacent areas which were observed within the period of May-August, 2011 are investigated. Thirty-two diseased and 22 vibriocarriers were found on the territory of the city in the course of epidemic. The potential sources of infection are specified. The ways to avoid similar situations in the future are suggested. The analysis of the locations of the cholera contamination sources results in the obvious conclusion that most of them are connected with the place where the river Kalmius meets the Azov Sea. Waste flow from the residential solid waste landfill brings a considerable harm to the river Kalmius and the Azov Sea.
文摘Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid ＂dead ends＂ if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a ＂dead end＂ if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.
