The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake i...The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake is of great importance to the improvement of water environment in the valley and the eutrophication status in th lake. Firstly, the basic ideas, key taches and main methods for water pollution control of inflow rivers of Taihu Lake was put forward in this article, Basic on these theories, the pollutant source status in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflow rivers was analysized, the countermeasures of pollution control and main regulation projects were introduced, and the total abatement of pollutants was predicted. With the implement of regulation projects, the number of rivers with water quality worse than Grade V among the 15 major inflow rivers had come from 9 to 3, and the eutrophication status of Taihu Lake had changed from medium level to light level. The overall treatment of the major inflow rivers of the Taihu Lake had achieved initial success.展开更多
An optimal design of wastewater reuse for a University is concerned in this paper. The raw water and the capacity of wastewater reuse were determined according to the wastewater characteristic of a university; the tre...An optimal design of wastewater reuse for a University is concerned in this paper. The raw water and the capacity of wastewater reuse were determined according to the wastewater characteristic of a university; the treatment process was chosen by building a cost-benefit model; and the modeling test was performed about the operation effect of the proposed project and the recommended water quality of reclaimed water. It is estimated that 3.4×10^5 m^3/a tap water and 6.1×10^5 Yuan/a will be saved if the project was put into operation and the proposed project will reduce the total quantity of pollutant efficiently and bring lots of social and economic benefits.展开更多
Gross pollutants are the primary targeted pollutants in urban catchment management for urban water quality improvement as well as mitigation of flood. Apart from aesthetically unattractive because of its visibility, g...Gross pollutants are the primary targeted pollutants in urban catchment management for urban water quality improvement as well as mitigation of flood. Apart from aesthetically unattractive because of its visibility, gross pollutants also contributes to degradation of river water quality and loss of aquatic habitat as it carries harmful pollutants such as oxygen demanding material, hydrocarbons and heavy metals. This study analyzed trend of gross pollutant generated from two urban residential areas located in Selangor, Malaysia. The median value of gross pollutant load obtained fi'om the Amanah Apartment and Bandar Botanic are 347.41 kg/ha/year and 32.46 kg/ha/year, respectively. Relationship between gross pollutant wet load with rainfall depths was derived using regression equation. A significant trend of increasing gross pollutant wet load into drainage system with increasing rainfall depth was observed. The behavior of pollutant load is related to the one observed in Australia.展开更多
From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and env...From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and environmental impact in the process of urban economic development and low-carbon transition and evaluates the emission reduction potential and scenario of various technologies. The results show that city plays a key role in global low-carbon economic construction,and it is pointed out that emission reduction technology in urban scale can reduce total amount of carbon emission to substantial extent. From the aspect of future development,the input of technology and economic growth pattern should be strengthened so as to realize economic development as well as the total amount reduction of pollutant emission.展开更多
River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help...River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.展开更多
Fungi Z4 and Z8, isolated from the heavy metal polluted soil, have strong resistance to Cd and Pb. The strains were identified on the base of their morphology and internal transcribed spacers(ITS) region. Pot experime...Fungi Z4 and Z8, isolated from the heavy metal polluted soil, have strong resistance to Cd and Pb. The strains were identified on the base of their morphology and internal transcribed spacers(ITS) region. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of two strains(Z4 and Z8) on the growth and accumulation of Cd and Pb of Guizhou oilseed rape. The results show that strains Z4 and Z8 belong to Mucor circinelloides and Mucor racemosus, respectively. The heights of Guizhou oilseed rape inoculated with strain Z8 increase by 47.90% than the control. The highest fresh mass is found in the plant with Z4/Z8, which is enhanced by160.81%. Pot experiments show that Z4/Z8 inoculums can accelerate accumulation of heavy metals in the plant. The contents of Cd and Pb are increased by 117.60% and 63.48%, respectively. Meanwhile, the heavy metal concentrations in potting soil with the two strains are found to be lower than those of the control, and the concentrations of Cd and Pb are decreased by 60.57% and 27.12%,respectively.展开更多
The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air qual...The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.展开更多
文摘The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake is of great importance to the improvement of water environment in the valley and the eutrophication status in th lake. Firstly, the basic ideas, key taches and main methods for water pollution control of inflow rivers of Taihu Lake was put forward in this article, Basic on these theories, the pollutant source status in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflow rivers was analysized, the countermeasures of pollution control and main regulation projects were introduced, and the total abatement of pollutants was predicted. With the implement of regulation projects, the number of rivers with water quality worse than Grade V among the 15 major inflow rivers had come from 9 to 3, and the eutrophication status of Taihu Lake had changed from medium level to light level. The overall treatment of the major inflow rivers of the Taihu Lake had achieved initial success.
文摘An optimal design of wastewater reuse for a University is concerned in this paper. The raw water and the capacity of wastewater reuse were determined according to the wastewater characteristic of a university; the treatment process was chosen by building a cost-benefit model; and the modeling test was performed about the operation effect of the proposed project and the recommended water quality of reclaimed water. It is estimated that 3.4×10^5 m^3/a tap water and 6.1×10^5 Yuan/a will be saved if the project was put into operation and the proposed project will reduce the total quantity of pollutant efficiently and bring lots of social and economic benefits.
文摘Gross pollutants are the primary targeted pollutants in urban catchment management for urban water quality improvement as well as mitigation of flood. Apart from aesthetically unattractive because of its visibility, gross pollutants also contributes to degradation of river water quality and loss of aquatic habitat as it carries harmful pollutants such as oxygen demanding material, hydrocarbons and heavy metals. This study analyzed trend of gross pollutant generated from two urban residential areas located in Selangor, Malaysia. The median value of gross pollutant load obtained fi'om the Amanah Apartment and Bandar Botanic are 347.41 kg/ha/year and 32.46 kg/ha/year, respectively. Relationship between gross pollutant wet load with rainfall depths was derived using regression equation. A significant trend of increasing gross pollutant wet load into drainage system with increasing rainfall depth was observed. The behavior of pollutant load is related to the one observed in Australia.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71033004)Post-doctor Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Applied Ecology(No.Y0SBS161S3)
文摘From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and environmental impact in the process of urban economic development and low-carbon transition and evaluates the emission reduction potential and scenario of various technologies. The results show that city plays a key role in global low-carbon economic construction,and it is pointed out that emission reduction technology in urban scale can reduce total amount of carbon emission to substantial extent. From the aspect of future development,the input of technology and economic growth pattern should be strengthened so as to realize economic development as well as the total amount reduction of pollutant emission.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371538)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SKLURE2008-1-02)
文摘River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.
基金Projects(31100082,60871007,61171061)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012SK4028)supported by the Science and Technology Agency of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2013M530358)supported by the Post-doctoral Program of ChinaProjects(12JJ4032,12JJ4082)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Fungi Z4 and Z8, isolated from the heavy metal polluted soil, have strong resistance to Cd and Pb. The strains were identified on the base of their morphology and internal transcribed spacers(ITS) region. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of two strains(Z4 and Z8) on the growth and accumulation of Cd and Pb of Guizhou oilseed rape. The results show that strains Z4 and Z8 belong to Mucor circinelloides and Mucor racemosus, respectively. The heights of Guizhou oilseed rape inoculated with strain Z8 increase by 47.90% than the control. The highest fresh mass is found in the plant with Z4/Z8, which is enhanced by160.81%. Pot experiments show that Z4/Z8 inoculums can accelerate accumulation of heavy metals in the plant. The contents of Cd and Pb are increased by 117.60% and 63.48%, respectively. Meanwhile, the heavy metal concentrations in potting soil with the two strains are found to be lower than those of the control, and the concentrations of Cd and Pb are decreased by 60.57% and 27.12%,respectively.
文摘The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.