In this study, toxicological data for zinc （Zn）, cadmium （Cd）, hexavalent chromium （Cr （VI））, benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed int...In this study, toxicological data for zinc （Zn）, cadmium （Cd）, hexavalent chromium （Cr （VI））, benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curves. Then water quality criteria （WQC） were derived for protection of the freshwater aquatic life in China against five representative pollutants. The values derived in this study were compared with those issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese national environmental standard for surface water to identify factors underlying the differences. The results showed that the SSD curves for the five pollutants differed significantly, with the examined aquatic species being gen- erally more sensitive to Zn, Cd, and Cr （VI） than benzene and nitrobenzene. The acute WQC were： 48.43 μg L-1 for Zn, 0.4218 μg L-1 for Cd, 45.79μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 2651 μg L-1 for benzene, and 1426 μg L-1 for nitrobenzene. The chronic WQC were： 20.01μg L-1 for Zn, 0.2428 μg L-j for Cd, 14.22 μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 530.2 μg L J for benzene, and 286.2 μg L-1 for nitroben- zene. The results of this comparative study of representative pollutants may offer guideline values for future WQC studies for China.展开更多
VOCs play an increasingly important role in affecting air quality and threatening human health in China in recent years,where industry activities show a significant contribution to VOCs emission.In this article we rep...VOCs play an increasingly important role in affecting air quality and threatening human health in China in recent years,where industry activities show a significant contribution to VOCs emission.In this article we report our long term study of industrial VOCs emissions of six major industries (vehicle manufacturing,printing,equipment coating,electronic manufacturing,furniture manufacturing and bio-pharming) on the aspects of emission characteristics,environmental impact and health risk assessment,and control challenge analysis with the purpose to obtain in-depth understanding of industry VOCs emissions and offer some original basements for national control and management of industry VOCs emissions.This study shows that all these industries give middle or low emission with total VOCs concentration less than 1000 mg/m3 at each exhaust pipe.Benzenes,esters,alcohols,ketones,alkanes,chloroalkanes and alkenes were detected as the major emission components and the most frequently monitored VOCs were benzenes,which varied obviously with different processes and industries.The environmental impact assessments indicate that vehicle manufacturing and benzenes should be prior controlled with the purpose to reduce air pollution.While,health risk assessments suggest that furniture manufacturing and chloroalkanes should be firstly controlled.Control analysis indicates that developing technologies with low cost and high efficiency and establishing and completing specific industry emission standards/regulations are the two key issues in VOCs emission management at present stage.展开更多
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2008CB418200)Environmental Public Welfare Program(Grant No. 2010009032)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U0833603, 40973090)
文摘In this study, toxicological data for zinc （Zn）, cadmium （Cd）, hexavalent chromium （Cr （VI））, benzene, and nitrobenzene were collected from various databases and publications, screened and then constructed into species sensitivity distribution （SSD） curves. Then water quality criteria （WQC） were derived for protection of the freshwater aquatic life in China against five representative pollutants. The values derived in this study were compared with those issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese national environmental standard for surface water to identify factors underlying the differences. The results showed that the SSD curves for the five pollutants differed significantly, with the examined aquatic species being gen- erally more sensitive to Zn, Cd, and Cr （VI） than benzene and nitrobenzene. The acute WQC were： 48.43 μg L-1 for Zn, 0.4218 μg L-1 for Cd, 45.79μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 2651 μg L-1 for benzene, and 1426 μg L-1 for nitrobenzene. The chronic WQC were： 20.01μg L-1 for Zn, 0.2428 μg L-j for Cd, 14.22 μg L-1 for Cr （VI）, 530.2 μg L J for benzene, and 286.2 μg L-1 for nitroben- zene. The results of this comparative study of representative pollutants may offer guideline values for future WQC studies for China.
基金supported by the Team Interaction and Cooperation of the Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-YW-JS402)+4 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB732300)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDB05050200)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA063101)the Program of Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning(2012A014)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(8112015)
文摘VOCs play an increasingly important role in affecting air quality and threatening human health in China in recent years,where industry activities show a significant contribution to VOCs emission.In this article we report our long term study of industrial VOCs emissions of six major industries (vehicle manufacturing,printing,equipment coating,electronic manufacturing,furniture manufacturing and bio-pharming) on the aspects of emission characteristics,environmental impact and health risk assessment,and control challenge analysis with the purpose to obtain in-depth understanding of industry VOCs emissions and offer some original basements for national control and management of industry VOCs emissions.This study shows that all these industries give middle or low emission with total VOCs concentration less than 1000 mg/m3 at each exhaust pipe.Benzenes,esters,alcohols,ketones,alkanes,chloroalkanes and alkenes were detected as the major emission components and the most frequently monitored VOCs were benzenes,which varied obviously with different processes and industries.The environmental impact assessments indicate that vehicle manufacturing and benzenes should be prior controlled with the purpose to reduce air pollution.While,health risk assessments suggest that furniture manufacturing and chloroalkanes should be firstly controlled.Control analysis indicates that developing technologies with low cost and high efficiency and establishing and completing specific industry emission standards/regulations are the two key issues in VOCs emission management at present stage.
