环境污染控制生物学实验教学改革与实践

分析了传统环境污染控制生物学教学中存在的问题,提出了传统环境污染控制生物学实验教学相应的改革措施,并评价了所取得的成效。

污染控制微生物学教、学、研新型互动平台的构建

通过构建新型污染控制微生物实验、教学平台,增设综合性、设计性、创新性实验,调动了学生的实验兴趣,促进了学生学习的积极性,同时促进了教师教学水平的提高。在教师的指导下,学生自主设计实验教学仪器,即解决了我校实验设备不足的问题,同时又能将学生所学各门课程的知识有机结合,强化了学生综合分析能力、数据处理能力和实践操作技能。

污染控制微生物学实验教学改革研究与实践

污染控制微生物学是环境工程专业一门主干基础课,污染控制微生物学实验是其重要的组成部分。本文从整合实验教学内容、构建实验教学体系,合理选择教材、丰富教学手段及配备高素质的教师队伍三个方面对污染控制微生物学实验教学进行了改革与尝试。通过这些改革,提高了污染控制微生物学实验教学质量,激发了学生对污染控制微生物学实验的兴趣,学生的实践能力和创新精神得到进一步提升,取得了较好的教学效果。

强化实践创新能力培养的《污染控制微生物学》“金课”建设

基于我校环境工程专业强化学生实践创新能力培养所取得的成果,通过理论教学、实验教学、教学方法及考评体系改革四个方面进行《污染控制微生物学》“金课”建设,开展“金课”建设路径的探索与实践,为环境工程专业“金课”建设提供参考和借鉴。

工程教育专业认证背景下污染控制微生物学课程思政研究与实践

将党的二十大精神有机融入高校的课程思政教育,抓好课程思政建设,将价值塑造、知识传授和能力培养融为一体,为党育人、为国育才,是新时代高校教师全面推进中华民族伟大复兴和培育中坚力量的重要任务。工程教育专业认证是国际通行的工程教育质量保证制度,是实现工程教育和工程师资格国际互认的重要基础,对增强专业的核心竞争力、行业影响力和社会贡献度以及切实提高人才培养质量具有重要意义,也是在实现中国式现代化过程中开展工科高等教育的重要抓手。文章梳理并深入挖掘了污染控制微生物学课程中蕴含的思政教育元素,把思政教育融入授课全过程,以促进环境工程专业本科生毕业时达成工程教育专业认证的要求。

生物标志物

生物标志物技术是常规生物检测方法的必要补充,其在环境管理、风险性评价和生态恢复方面有着较广泛的应用。该文主要介绍了相对于常规生物检定方法而言,生物标志物所具备的优点,以及常用生物标志物的类型,生物标志物在环境保护领域的应用等等。

在热污染中偏爱和迥避研究的进展

在污染生物学评价中,偏爱和迥避的研究可以用来确定:1.鱼类和其它水生生物是否会避免毒性物质; 2.不导致有害生物作用的热卷流或其它排水是否仍旧会改变接受系统中鱼类或其它水生机体的分布;3.

研究所要发挥优势体现特色

我所是研究水生生物的生命现象及其与环境间相互关系的综合性科研机构,主要任务是开展内陆水体生态学、水污染生物学和实验藻类生物学的研究,同时进行鱼类遗传育种学、鱼病学和水生生物区系和演化的研究。通过上列研究工作,为合理开发和利用水生生物资源,发展工农业与水体环境保护,提供理论依据和措施。既要突出应用研究。

Comparative study of responses in the brown algae Sargassum thunbergii to zinc and cadmium stress

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic system is becoming a serious problem worldwide. In this study, responses of Sargassum thunbergii to dif ferent concentrations(0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L) of zinc(Zn) and cadmium(Cd) exposure separately were studied for 15 days in laboratory-controlled conditions. The results show that the specifi c growth rates increased slightly under the lower Zn concentration treatment(0.1 mg/L) at the first 5 d and then decreased gradually, which were significantly reduced with the exposure time in higher Zn concentrations and all Cd treatments compared to respective control, especially for 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L Cd. Chlorophyll a contents showed significant increase in 0.1 mg/L Zn treatment, whereas the gradually reduction were observed in the other three Zn treatments and all Cd treatments. The oxygen evolution rate and respiration rate presented distinct behavior in the Zn-treated samples, but both declined steadily with the exposure time in Cd treatments. The P/R value analyses showed similar variation patterns as chlorophyll a contents. Real-time PCR showed that lower Zn concentration(0.1 mg/L) increased mRNA expression of rbcL gene, whereas higher Zn concentrations and Cd reduced the rbcL expression. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that Zn and Cd had different effects on S. thunbergii both at the physiological and gene transcription levels, the transcript level of photosynthesis-related gene rbcL can be used as an useful molecular marker of algal growth and environment impacts.

MONITORING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SEDIMENT POREWATER BY SPMD

A new mimic biological Semi permeable Membrane Device (SPMD) introduced for sampling organic pollutants yielded satisfactory results when it was first used as a passive sampler to concentrate and determine 16 kinds of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by means of capillary GC on an HP 5890 GC FID in coastal sediment porewater. The concentration of PAHs in sediment porewater for naphthalene(N), acenaphthlene(AL), acenaphthene(AE), fluorene(F), phenaphthene(P), anthracene(A), fluoranthene(FA), pyrene(Py), benzoanthracene(BA), chrysene(Chr), benzofluor anthene(BF), benzofluoranthene(BF), benzopyrene(BP),indeno[1,2,3, cd] Pyrene(IP), dibenzanthracene(DA) and benzo perylene(BP) were: 50.36, under detection limits(UD), 18.19, 8.41, 8.40, 1.44, UD, 8.01, 524.15, 168.47, 50.13, 123.66, 63.48, 27.40, 82.04 and 58,81 ng/L, respectively.

Effects of extra-cellular polymeric substances on organic pollutants biodegradation kinetics for A-step of adsorption-biodegradation process

The features of organic pollutants degradation mainly characterized by bio-flocculation for step-A of adsorption-biodegredation（AB） process were studied. By investigating the relationship of extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） with bioflocculation and introducing kinetic model of organic pollutant degradation into EPS, the kinetic model of organic pollutant degradation for step-A hioflocculation was deducted. And through the experiments, the kinetic constants were calculated as follows： k1 =0. 005 3; kc1 =1 710.7 and vmax1=10 min^-1.

Performance of BAC process for treatment of micro-polluted water

Biological activated carbon (BAC) has been developed on the granular activated carbon by immobilization of selected and acclimated species of bacteria to treat the micro-polluted water. The BAC removal efficiencies for nitrobenzene, permanganate index, turbidity and ammonia were investigated. Effects of shock loading and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) observation on BAC were studied. Backwashing and its intensity of BAC were also discussed. The results showed that BAC took short time to start up and recover to the normal condition after shock loading. The shock loading studies showed that the removal efficiency of BAC was not completely inhibited even at high concentration of nitrobenzene. Backwashing performed once every 10-20 d, or an average of 15 d. Backwashing intensity was 12-14 L/(s·m2) with air and 3-4 L/(s·m2) with water.

Biodegradation Kinetics of DDT in Soil under Different Environmental Conditions by Laccase Extract from White Rot Fungi

Biodegradation of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane(DDT)in soil by laccase extract from white rot fungi under different experimental conditions was investigated.DDTs,which stands for the sum of p,p′-DDE,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDT in soil was degraded efficiently,and the residue decreased rapidly during the first 15 days and then slowly during the period of 16-25 days.The biodegradation of DDTs in soil fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetics.For 5,10,15 and 25 days of incubation with laccase,the residue of DDTs in soil under different atmospheres was decreased by 20%-33%,34%-52%,41%-61%and 41%-69%respectively,under different flooding conditions that was decreased by 12%-17%,17%-30%,30%-45%and 35%-52%respectively, and for different soils that was decreased by 25%-34%,39%-53%,44%-58%and 47%-62%respectively.The half-life of DDTs in soil ranged from 15.07 to 32.95 days under O2,air or N2 atmospheres,23.07 to 40.71 days under different flooding conditions,and 18.78 to 28.88 days for different soils.Laccase is an efficient and safe agent for bioremediation of DDT-contaminated soil.

Effects of Nutrients on Biofouling Formation and Preponderant Bacteria Diversity in Recirculating Cooling Water System

A series of orthogonal array experiments were conducted using carbon source, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus （TP） as major influencing factors to investigate the effects of nutrients on biofouling formation and preponderant bacteria diversity in the recirculatiug cooling water system. Carbon source was demonstrated to be the most significant determinant affecting the biofouling formation. A minimum biofouling outcome was obtained when BOD2, NHa＋-N and TP were 25, 10, and 1 mg/L, respectively. Then the preponderant bacteria strains in biofouling mass under two typical culture conditions （negative and favorable） were identified applying both traditional biochemical methods and further molecular biology technology with phylogenetic affiliation analysis, which indicated that Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter, Micrococcaceae Staphylococcus, Bacillaceae Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae Proteus, Neisseriaceae Neisseria and Pseudomonadaceae Pseudomonas were dominant under negative condition, while Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter and Microbacterium - under favorable one.

Integrated site-specific quantification of faecal bacteria and detection of DNA markers in faecal contamination source tracking as a microbial risk tracking tool in urban Lake ecosystems

The presence of feacal-derived pathogens in water is responsible for several infectious diseases and deaths worldwide. As a solution, sources of fecal pollution in waters must be accurately assessed, properly determined and strictly controlled. However, the exercise has remained challenging due to the existing overlapping characteristics by different members of faecal coliform bacteria and the inadequacy of information pertaining to the contribution of seasonality and weather condition on tracking the possible sources of pollution. There are continued ef forts to improve the Faecal Contamination Source Tracking(FCST) techniques such as Microbial Source Tracking(MST). This study aimed to make contribution to MST by evaluating the efficacy of combining site specific quantification of faecal contamination indicator bacteria and detection of DNA markers while accounting for seasonality and weather conditions' eff ects in tracking the major sources of faecal contamination in a freshwater system(Donghu Lake, China). The results showed that the use of cyd gene in addition to lacZ and uidA genes differentiates E. coli from other closely related faecal bacteria. The use of selective media increases the pollution source tracking accuracy. BSA addition boosts PCR detection and increases FCST efficiency. Seasonality and weather variability also influence the detection limit for DNA markers.

Molecular Biological Detection of Biological Pollution in Water Environment

Water is contaminated mainly by chemical, physical and biological pollutants. At present, domestic reports on biological pollution of water environment are much less. Biological pollution in water environment pollution which is stable and infectious is the main part of water pollution. To fastly and accuratly detecte biological contamination of the water environment is extremely important for the control of disease outbreaks and water quality protection and public health security. This paper systematically introduces the research progress in biological water environment pollution detection methods in molecular biology aquatic environment, and explore molecular biology methods in the detection of biological contamination in water environment problems and trends.

Tracing Changes in the Microbial Community of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil by Culture-Dependent Proteomics

Hydrocarbon contamination may affect the soil microbial community, in terms of both diversity and function. A laboratory experiment was set-up, with a semi-arid control soil and the same soil but artificially contaminated with diesel oil, to follow changes in the dominant species of the microbial community in the hydrocarbon-polluted soil via proteomics. Analysis of the proteins extracted from enriched cultures growing in Luria-Bertani （LB） media showed a change in the microbial community. The majority of the proteins were related to gIycolysis pathways, structural or protein synthesis. The results showed a relative increase in the complexity of the soil microbial community with hydrocarbon contamination, especially after 15 days of incubation. Species such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Synechococcus elongatus and different Clostridium sp. were adapted to contamination, not appearing in the control soil, although Bacillus sp. dominated the growing in LB in any of the treatments. We conclude that the identification of microbial species in soil extracts by culture-dependent proteomics is able to partially explain the changes in the diversity of the soil microbial community in hydrocarbon polluted semi-arid soils, but this information is much more limited than that provided by molecular methods.

Bioregeneration of spent activated carbon:Review of key factors and recent mathematical models of kinetics

The disposal of spent activated carbon(AC) will inevitably create secondary pollution. In overcoming this problem, the spent AC can be regenerated by means of biological approach. Bioregeneration is the phenomenon in which through the action of microorganisms, the adsorbed pollutants on the surface of the AC will be biodegraded and this enables further adsorption of pollutants to occur with time elapse. This review provides the challenges and perspectives for effective bioregeneration to occur in biological activated carbon(BAC)column. Owing to very few reported works on the bioregeneration rate in BAC column, emphasis is put forward on the recently developed models of bioregeneration kinetic in batch system. All in all, providing potential solutions in increasing the lifespan of AC and the enhancement of bioregeneration rate will definitely overcome the bottlenecks in spent AC bioregeneration.

The regional nature of nitrate-dominant haze pollution during autumn over the Pearl River Delta area

China has experienced severe haze and visibility degradation problems in recent years because of rapid urbanization and industrialization.In this study,daily atmospheric fine-aerosol samples were concurrently collected at three sites over the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region during 1–29 October 2014.PM2.5 samples were analyzed for organic carbon and elemental carbon using a thermal/optical carbon analyzer.Major water-soluble inorganic ions including F−,Cl−,NO3−,SO42−,Na+,NH4+,K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+were analyzed by ion chromatography.The results show that the temporal variations of PM2.5 concentration at the three sites were highly parallel,with particle pollution events simultaneously observed during 13–19 October(EP1)and 23–27 October(EP2),suggesting that pollution events in the PRD region are usually regional.This can most likely be attributed to the significant influences of synoptic conditions,which regionally facilitate or block diffusion of air pollutants.The chemical compositions of PM2.5 at the three sites were also found to be similar,dominated by organics and sulfates.The results indicate that accumulation of traffic emissions seems to play important roles in particle pollution for the PRD region,leading in this case to elevated nitrate contributions during both EP1 and EP2 at the three sites.Moreover,the authors found that locally emitted aerosols from biomass burning only markedly influenced the air condition at one site,Nanhai,during EP1,while regionally transported biomass burning aerosols from eastern and northern Guangdong Province influenced all three sampling sites when the PRD was dominated by polluted air from these directions during EP2.

Modularized Production of Value-Added Products and Fuels from Distributed Waste Carbon-Rich Feedstocks

We have adapted and characterized electrolysis reactors to complement the conversion of regional- and community-scale quantities of waste into fuel or chemicals, The overall process must he able to contend with a wide range of feedstocks, must he inherently safe, and should not rely on external facilities for co-reactants or heat rejection and supply, Our current approach is based on the upgrading of hio-oil produced by the hydrothermal liquefaction （HTL） of carbon-containing waste feedstocks, HTL can convert a variety of feedstocks into a bio-oil that requires much less upgrading than the products of other ways of deconstructing hiomass, We are now investigating the use of electrochemical processes for the further conversions needed to transform the hio-oil from HTL into fuel or higher value chemicals, We, and others, have shown that electrochemical reduction can offer adequate reaction rates and at least some of the nec- essary generality, In addition, an electrochemical reactor necessarily both oxidizes （removes electrons） on one side of the reactor and reduces （adds electrons） on the other side, Therefore, the two types of reac- tions could, in principle, he coupled to upgrade the hio-oil and simultaneously polish the water that is employed as a reactant and a carrier in the upstream HTL, Here, we overview a notional process, the possible conversion chemistry, and the economics of an HTL-electrochemical process,