The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows...The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows its importance in the production to save the resources,improve the desirable outputs, and decrease the undesirable outputs,especially reduce the environmental pollution.展开更多
After the Kyoto Protocol was implemented,carbon leakage exerts great influences on international trade and economy.Trade creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution associated with their consump...After the Kyoto Protocol was implemented,carbon leakage exerts great influences on international trade and economy.Trade creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution associated with their consumption to other countries.China has overtaken the U.S.as the world's biggest CO2 emitter since 2006.As China's second largest trade partner,the U.S.has the biggest trade deficit with China which has aroused a lot of disputes between the two parties.But so far the assessments of the trade imbalance of China-U.S.have paid little attention to environmental impacts associated with the trade imbalance.Applied an input-output approach,the article estimates the amount of CO2 embodied in China-U.S.trade during 1997-2007.It was found that through trade with China,the U.S.reduced its CO2 emissions compared with a non-trade scenario.Due to the greater carbon-intensity and relatively less efficient production processes of Chinese industry,China-U.S.trade resulted in more CO2 emissions in China and the world.In the end,the article gives some suggestions:it is equal and sustainable that the international accounting methodologies should be improved,for CO2 emissions responsibility must be designed to account for the dynamic nature of international trade.展开更多
This paper analyses the changing rule of indoor ozone concentration and its influencing factors.A formula of indoor-outdoor concentration ratio(I/O ratio) was deduced based on the indoor ozone mass-balance equation.Th...This paper analyses the changing rule of indoor ozone concentration and its influencing factors.A formula of indoor-outdoor concentration ratio(I/O ratio) was deduced based on the indoor ozone mass-balance equation.The ozone I/O ratio in different kinds of buildings was studied.Results show that I/O ratio is much related to air-exchange rate,which is well compatible with the theoretical calculation results.展开更多
Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 199...Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 1997 in Indonesia which deeply affected most of the ASEAN （association of southeast asian nations） countries especially their neighbour Malaysia and Singapore. The PV （photovoltaic） technology as an alternative means of energy generation experiences such significant energy decrease based on this condition which is due to the shading of sunlight. The 6 h claims of good sunlight has become not more than 2 h and gets worst when the API （air pollution index） struck 200 levels which is at very unhealthy condition. This study embraces some findings from 1 kWp PV generator field data installed in Malaysia reflecting the daily energy decrease operated during this unhealthy weather condition. It is found that, such significant energy decrease with the value of 0.43 W power output per increment of one point API. This value shows such concrete proof of additional factors to be considered in PV modelling in line to support PV technology adaptation in the ASEAN region.展开更多
文摘The researching on the DMUs with undesirable outputs gives the non-radial model FDEA of the relative efficiency evaluation,proves the efficiency theories, and calculates the example.The application of FDEA model shows its importance in the production to save the resources,improve the desirable outputs, and decrease the undesirable outputs,especially reduce the environmental pollution.
文摘After the Kyoto Protocol was implemented,carbon leakage exerts great influences on international trade and economy.Trade creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution associated with their consumption to other countries.China has overtaken the U.S.as the world's biggest CO2 emitter since 2006.As China's second largest trade partner,the U.S.has the biggest trade deficit with China which has aroused a lot of disputes between the two parties.But so far the assessments of the trade imbalance of China-U.S.have paid little attention to environmental impacts associated with the trade imbalance.Applied an input-output approach,the article estimates the amount of CO2 embodied in China-U.S.trade during 1997-2007.It was found that through trade with China,the U.S.reduced its CO2 emissions compared with a non-trade scenario.Due to the greater carbon-intensity and relatively less efficient production processes of Chinese industry,China-U.S.trade resulted in more CO2 emissions in China and the world.In the end,the article gives some suggestions:it is equal and sustainable that the international accounting methodologies should be improved,for CO2 emissions responsibility must be designed to account for the dynamic nature of international trade.
文摘This paper analyses the changing rule of indoor ozone concentration and its influencing factors.A formula of indoor-outdoor concentration ratio(I/O ratio) was deduced based on the indoor ozone mass-balance equation.The ozone I/O ratio in different kinds of buildings was studied.Results show that I/O ratio is much related to air-exchange rate,which is well compatible with the theoretical calculation results.
文摘Recently, thick haze and poisonous smoke have cloaked the surrounding air in Malaysia due to the uncontrollable and unethical burning of nearby country. This devastating episode of open burning started in the year 1997 in Indonesia which deeply affected most of the ASEAN （association of southeast asian nations） countries especially their neighbour Malaysia and Singapore. The PV （photovoltaic） technology as an alternative means of energy generation experiences such significant energy decrease based on this condition which is due to the shading of sunlight. The 6 h claims of good sunlight has become not more than 2 h and gets worst when the API （air pollution index） struck 200 levels which is at very unhealthy condition. This study embraces some findings from 1 kWp PV generator field data installed in Malaysia reflecting the daily energy decrease operated during this unhealthy weather condition. It is found that, such significant energy decrease with the value of 0.43 W power output per increment of one point API. This value shows such concrete proof of additional factors to be considered in PV modelling in line to support PV technology adaptation in the ASEAN region.
