严肃处理工业废水污染鱼塘

祁东县城关镇颜家坪村红光村小组．村民石新民、刘连军人二。1988年联营承包莲花塘，养鱼水面6亩．承包款660元．1988年2月份投放草鱼种500尾．鲢鱼种1800尾、鳙鱼种420尾、鲤鱼种200尾．银鲴鱼35公斤。

污染鱼不能食

有时从市场买回鲜鱼煮熟食用时,一股异味自鱼肉中析出,让你作呕而无法食用,这是由于鱼受生活污水和工业废水污染所致。这种鱼主要是在受污染的水体中放养时间过长。

Seasonal Impact of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution on Water Environment of Dianshan Lake Basin in Shanghai City

Taken the Dalian lake region as the study area,which represents the typical agriculture production mode and agricultural non-point source pollution （ANSP） in Dianshan lake area in Shanghai City,basis on the characteristics of regional ANSP and combing with the seasonal water quality monitoring of Dalian Lake and reaches of its main influents,the laws of seasonal impact on the water environment were investigated.The results showed that,the seasonal change of TN and COD concentration of regional water had no significant correlation with the local ANSP emissions,while the seasonal changes of TP was consistent with seasonal emissions of regional TP pollution,and it had a significant correlation with Chl.a in four seasons,indicating that regional TP pollutant was the constriction factor influenced the eutrophication degree of Dalian lake.Because more than 80% of TP emissions came from the drainage of intensive pounds in winter,summer and fall,TP pollutant control should be adopted as the control target of regional ANSP control.

Pollution of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Water and Its Adverse Reproductive Effect on Fish

Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs）, commonly found in the environment, come from industry and agriculture, including pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and other chemicals. Nowadays, more and more EDCs were released into the environment. EDCs go into water body via atmosphere sedi-mentation, surface runoff, soil eluviation, etc., so water body becomes the main place for existing. In order to attract scientific and public attention worldwide and to prevent EDCs pol ution, in this study we reviewed the classification of EDCs and their concentrations in natural water bodies, drinking water sources and water plants, and the reproductive toxicity of EDCs to fish were reviewed. EDCs could disturb the endocrine system and make reproductive organs and reproduction abnor-mal, resulting in fertility descending, reproduction function damage, community quan-tity decrease and even species extinction. In addition, EDCs could disrupt the homeostasis maintained by hormones, which would result in defects of neural de-velopment and abnormalities of the endocrine and reproductive systems. The exact molecular mechanisms have not been completely reported, but researches have suggested that multiple mechanisms were involved in the action of EDCs. Although there have been researches on the biohazard of EDCs, there stil exist problems of weakness in fundamental researches, difficulties in recognizing and identifying EDCs and high cost, which restraint the knowledge on them.

Preparation by enzymolysis and bioactivity of iron complex of fish protein hydrolysate (Fe-FPH) from low value fish

Preparation of Fe^2＋ chelate of fish protein hydrolysate （Fe-FPH） obtained from low value fish proteins was introduced and its bioactivity was studied by compound enzymolysis. The optimum conditions for hydrolysate chelating Fe^2＋ are DH （degree of hydrolysis） at 5%, pH 7.0, 20℃ and 15 min chelating time for FM （material not being defatted）. Four types of Fe-FPH including CA （deposit after chelating）, CB （deposit in 50% of absolute ethanol solution）, CC （suspended deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution）, and CD （bottom deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution） were fractionated with absolute ethanol from FM. Structural analysis through infra-red spectrum revealed that Fe^2＋ was combined strongly with amino-group and carboxyl-group in each chelate and each Fe^2＋ could form two five-member ring structures. All of the four chelates were shown more significant antioxidative activity and can be used as natural hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidant. Among all the chelates, the CB possesses the most effective antioxidative activity at 92% as high as that of a-tocopherol. Among all Fe-FPHs, only CD showed the most effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis and can be used as natural antibacterial. It provides a more effective way for utilization of low value fish proteins and key information of Fe-FPH as additive in food industry.

Effect of pollution on DNA damage and essential fatty acid profile in Cirrhinus mrigala from River Chenab

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic pollution on DNA damage and the fatty acid profile of the bottom dweller fish （Cirrhinus mr^gala）, collected from the River Chenab, in order to assess the effect of the toxicants on the quality of the fish meat. The levels ofCd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr and Sn and of phenols from this river were significantly higher than the permissible limits set by the USEPA. Comet assays showed DNA damage in Cirrhinus mr^gala collected from three different sampling sites in the polluted area of the river. Significant differences were observed for DNA damage through comet assay in fish collected from polluted compared to control sites. No significant differences were observed for DNA damage between farmed and fish collected from upstream. The micronucleus assay showed similar trends. Fish from the highly polluted sites showed less number of fatty acids and more saturated fatty acids in their meat compared to fish from less polluted areas. Several fatty acids were missing in fish with higher levels of DNA in comet tail and micronucleus induction. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid （20：5n-3） was found missing in the fish from polluted environment while it was found in considerable amount in farmed fish 7.8±0.4%. Docosahexaenoic acid （22：6n-3） also showed significant differences as 0.1±0.0 and 7.0±0.1% respectively, in wild polluted and fanned fishes.

Evaluation of organ distribution of microcystins in the freshwater phytoplanktivorous fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

To evaluate the public health risk of exposure to microcystins in fish food in China, the distribution pattem of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in various organs （liver, intestine, kidney, muscle and lipid） of the dominant freshwater phytoplanktivorous fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Hangzhou, China＇s Tiesha River was investigated with the method of HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The distribution of microcystins was different in the fish organs and the major total microcystins （microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR） were present in the intestines （6.49 μg/g fresh weight）, followed by the livers （4.52 μg/g fresh weight） and the muscles （2.86 μg/g fresh weight）. Microcystins were detected in kidneys （1.35 μg/g fresh weight）, but not detected in lipid. The results suggested that the mean daily intake from fish was 0.03 μg/kg body weight which was very close to the recommended WHO tolerable daily intake （TDI） level of 0.04μg/kg body weight per day, and local people were wamed they may have health risk if they consumed fish from the river.

Evaluation of Metal Contamination of Mullet （Mullus surmuletus L., 1758） in the Bay of Oran

The present study focused on the evaluation of the contamination by three heavy metals （Cd, Cu and Zn） of a bony fish, Mullus surmuletus L., 1758, caught in the Bay of Oran. This reflects the quality of fish habitat as species common Algerian coastal waters and enjoyed by a large fish-eating population. Monthly sampling was spread over a period of six months （December 2011-May 2012）. Given their physiological importance in the body, muscle, liver and gonads were targeted. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in flame depends on three parameters （sex, size and month）. It appears from this study that the target organs of rouget （M. surmuletus） accumulate three metal pollutants sought. The highest values are those of zinc, copper and cadmium are at concentrations at least important. The results, statistically treated, showed no significant difference between the concentrations of trace metals both sexes and at all three organs considered. The average dose of heavy metals found in the mullet compared to those provided by the literature relating to DMA （Maximum Allowable Doses）, are not worrisome. Concentration levels of toxic metals reflect a certain metal pollution in the Bay of Oran.

Distribution and Relationships of Seven Trace Elements （Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn） in Freshwater Fish from Five French Fishing Areas

The concentrations of seven essential trace elements in 149 freshwater fish from eight fish species （European eel, bream, common carp, European catfish, roach, perch, pike and pikeperch） from five different French fishing areas from contaminated and control sites were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion under pressure. Differences in the concentration of elements in the muscles of these species were examined and the mean levels were compared for each species with previous French and European studies. The condition factor and the differences between the control and contaminated sites and between predatory and non-predatory groups, with respect to the concentration of these elements, were also studied.

Concentration and Biomagnification of Heavy Metals in Biota of the Coastal Marine Areas of Tanzania

The concentrations of heavy metals （As, Hg, Cr, Pb and Zn） were measured in the macroalgae, macrobenthos and fish from the Tanzanian coastal marine environment in order to ascertain the biomagnification using stable isotopes of C and N. Macroalgae samples from the central marine areas of the Tanzanian coast had higher mean concentrations of Hg （0.17 ± 0.01 μg/g） and Cr （23.7 ± 4.15 μg/g） compared to other locations. Higher concentration of Hg （0.06 ±0.02 μg/g） was detected in the Ulva fasciata close to the Msimbazi Creek in Dares Salaam, whereas the highest concentration of Cr （45.5 ± 6.83 μg/g） was found in Ulva petrusa near Dares Salaam port. The crab Portunus pelagicus collected from Pangani river estuary contained 411.5 ± 13.04 μg/g of Zn. The other metals were uniformly distributed in macrobenthos from the entire coast. Mercury and lead in the biota were found to biomagnify along the Arius dussumieri and Lethrinus lentjan food chains as suggested by the significant positive relationships between log-pollutant concentrations in fish muscle tissues vs. 615N signatures. Zinc in muscle tissues was found to be transferred along the food webs although no biomagnification was observed. Arsenic and chromium were found to decrease with the rise of the trophic position. Metal concentrations in macroalgae, macrobenthos and fish were compared with quality guidelines values by FAO （Food and Agricultural Organization） in 1983 and they all were below permissible limits for human consumption.δ

Metal Concentration in Muscle Tissue of Carp and Pike from Different Fish Ponds in Belgrade Area

This study was conducted to determine the contamination data of some heavy metals in 10 fish tissue samples of two different fish species---common carp and Northern pike from four different fish ponds and to compare the level of contamination and the differences in the concentration of these elements between these two fish species and between compared fish ponds. In various fish ponds, metal concentrations in the carp muscle tissue varied depending on the metal type. Between compared fish ponds, there were significant differences （P 〈 0.01） in the concentration in muscle carp tissue, except for cadmium. Metal concentrations in the pike muscle tissue also varied among fish ponds, depending on the type of metal. In all compared cases, there were significant differences between metal concentration in pike muscle tissue （P 〈 0.01）. Lead and cadmium concentration in pike muscle tissue were significantly higher （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05, respectively）, and mercury and arsenic concentration were significantly lower （P 〈 0.01） than concentration of this heavy metals in carp muscle tissue in all comapered fish ponds. The results obtained in this study indicate variation in a range of examined metal concentration in muscle tissue, which seems to be typical for the Serbian fish ponds, but is lower than those in rivers with considerable anthropogenic impact.

Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls （PCB） in Fish from the Lakes of the Warmia and Mazury Region

The term polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs refers to a class of synthetic organic chemicals that are, to a large degree, chemically inert. PCBs are not found in a nature as a natural compounds and its appearance in natural environment is connected with unintentional and irresponsible human activity. PCBs have been produced on an industrial scale for more than 50 years and have been exported as chemicals in products to almost every country in the world. PCBs were commonly used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors, in heat transfer and hydraulic systems. Other uses of PCBs included the formulation of lubricating and cutting oils, as plasticizers in paints. Nowadays PCBs are ranked among the compounds called POP （Persistent Organic Pollutants）. This group of hazard removable pollutants includes pesticides, dioxins and furans also. Fishes fished from August 2006 to December 2007 from lakes in north-east Poland： Lafiskie, Kisajno and Niegocin. The investigations were carried out on four fish species： roach, common bream, perch and pike. According to the preliminary mass and length measurements anticipatory treatment were realized. Subsequently fishes were analysed in accordance with National Institute of Hygiene method. According to the investigations results PCBs were found in fish muscular tissues, fished from north-east lakes. PCB level didn＇t exceed the highest acceptable daily dose （4pg-TEQ body mass/day）.

Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior： A review of laboratory and field approaches

Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contami- nated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contami- nated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey （grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio）. In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in es- tuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neuro- transmitter levels. Many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 9-20, 2012].