清管污油量验算及清管器速度对污油量影响研究

在对成品油管道进行清管作业时,清管器的前后会产生一定量的污油,污油量的大小会直接影响管输效益。为了更好地了解污油的下载量,提高效益,利用CFD模拟计算软件、动网格技术对曲阜济宁一段清管作业进行清管污油量模拟计算,绘制出拟合曲线,并拟合出曲线公式,通过实际污油下载量验证了拟合曲线的准确性。进一步分析了清管器运行速度对污油量的影响。该方法可用于预测清管污油量,为成品油管网清管工艺设计和优化运行提供理论依据和参考。

利用VB对清管污油量预测研究

为了更好的预测成品油管道清管污油量,提高预测的准确性,本研究通过VB(Visual Basic)编写污油量预测程序,对四个不同区域的管道进行清管污油量预测,通过实际污油下载量验证预测结果的准确性.同时,对实际清管污油量进行整理分析,得出管线规格与清管污油量增长的一般规律,该规律可用于预测任意规格的成品油管道清管污油量,为成品油管网清管工艺设计和优化运行提供一定的理论依据和参考.

Environmental Capacity of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Jiaozhou Bay, China: Modeling and Calculation

An environmental capacity model for the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutions （PHs） in Jiaozhou Bay is constructed based on field surveys, mesocosm, and parallel laboratory experiments. Simulated results of PHs seasonal successions in 2003 match the field surveys of Jiaozhou Bay resaonably well with a highest value in July. The Monte Carlo analysis confirms that the variation of PHs concentration significantly correlates with the river input. The water body in the bay is reasonably subjected to self-purification processes, such as volatilization to the atmosphere, biodegradation by microorganism, and transport to the Yellow Sea by water exchange. The environmental capacity of PHs in Jiaozhou Bay is 1500 tons per year IF the seawater quality criterion （Grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ, 0.05 mgLl） in the region is to be satisfied. The contribution to self-purification by volatilization, biodegradation, and transport to the Yellow Sea accounts for 48%, 28%, and 23%, respectively, which make these three processes the main ways of PHs purification in Jiaozhou Bay.

Chemical and Sensory Properties of Olive Oil as Influenced by Different Sources of Irrigation Water

This research was conducted throughout the years 2008-2010 to study the influence of irrigation water quality on oil quality of ＂Nabali Muhassan＂ olive trees. Reclaimed municipal wastewater and fresh water were used twice a week using drip irrigation system. Rainfed olive trees of the same farm were taken as control. No significant differences were observed between rainfed, fresh water and reclaimed wastewater treatments in terms of acidity, peroxide values and UV absorbance of the extracted olive oil. Heavy metals and microbiological pathogens were not detected in all tested olive oil samples. Oleic acid was significantly higher in olive oil obtained from rainfed trees than irrigated trees. Linoleic acid content was significantly higher in reclaimed wastewater irrigated trees than the rainfed trees. Total polyphenol contents were significantly higher in oil obtained from rainfed olive trees than oil obtained from the irrigated olive trees. Results of organoleptic analysis showed no significant differences in the fruity attribute within treatments, while the bitter and pungent attributes were higher in olive oil obtained from rainfed trees as compared to that obtained from irrigated trees. No negative attributes were observed in oil obtained from the irrigated or rainfed trees and they were all classified as extra virgin grade.

Determation method for water content of diesel contaminated soil

With the increasing researches on geotechnical properties of the diesel contaminated soil( DCS),the water content measured is indispensable part during the early period. In this study,the relative error of water content measurement using the traditional method is as high as 20. 78%,which is no longer suitable for contaminated soil. Through a series of tests to measure the loss coefficient of diesel in the drying time,the authors finally proposed a modified calculation formula for test samples. The results show that the maximum relative error calculated by using the modified formula is 0. 96%,far lower than that of traditional formula,which can provide accurate data for further study of diesel contaminated soil.

Surfactant-Enhanced Soil Washing for Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soils: A Review

An increase in energy demand leads to further exploration, transportation, and utilization of petroleum, which creates severe soil contamination because of recurrent accidents and oil spills. Remediation of these contaminated soils is challenging. Among many treatment methods practiced for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, surfactant-enhanced soil washing has been widely practiced as a preferred treatment option, as it is a fast and environmentally accepted method. In this paper, we review research undertaken on various anionic, nonionic, cationic, biological, and mixed surfactants for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Upcoming surfactants like gemini and switchable surfactants are summarized. We assess the challenges and opportunities of in-situ and ex-situ soil washing, the mechanisms of surfactant-enhanced soil washing, and the criteria to follow for surfactant selection.Furthermore, we briefly discuss the operational and environmental factors affecting soil washing efficiency and soil and surfactant properties affecting surfactant adsorption. We also describe the advantages of coupling soil washing with effluent treatment and surfactant reuse challenges and opportunities. Moreover, challenges and possible new directions for future research on surfactant-enhanced soil washing are proposed.