基于DEMATEL-ISM汽车生准阶段质量优化效率影响因素分析

提升生准阶段质量优化效率是保障汽车质量状态、降低质量成本、加速新车型上市的必要考虑措施。本文利用系统工程学研究了生准阶段质量优化效率影响因素模型,采用集成决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL)和解释结构模型(ISM)分析质量优化效率影响因素间的关系,并且构建了影响因素的递阶结构模型。该研究为汽车企业提高项目管理水平、实现项目管理目标提供理论参考。

民国时期上海出租汽车公司营运策略探析——以上海祥生汽车公司为个例(1919-1936)

上海祥生汽车公司在1919年从一辆汽车出租营运业务起步,到1936年发展成为当时上海最大的华商自营汽车公司。纵观祥生汽车公司发展,在经营策略上,公司采取了电话大战、价格大战、广告宣传、回馈客户、广设分站等措施来促进发展,其有益的经营策略现在仍为一些公司所采用。与同行竞争时,为公司利益,不惜采取一些不正当的手段,加剧了同行间竞争的无序,诚信的缺失,从中也可以折射出近代上海社会的特殊性。

汽车检测技术应当“与时俱进” 记“2014年汽车现代化检具技术及标准化高峰论坛”

我国检具已经从最初盲目向欧、美、日学习转变成具有自身特点的产品,各种类型的标准件、结构样式、新材料和新工艺纷纷涌现。同时,也带来了诸多严峻的挑战,模具随着汽车制造业的发展而更新换代,汽车检测技术应当"与时俱进"。

“CHINAPLAS 2015国际橡塑展” 助力汽车轻量化发展

节能、环保、智能化,以及安全已成为汽车产业的关注点,而汽车轻量化发展更被视为产业趋势。塑料及其复合材料是最重要的汽车轻质材料,这些材料不仅在推进轻量化进程中担当重要角色,同时还可以提供较高的设计自由度,帮助OEM实现产品的差异化。以上海为核心的长三角,包含浙江和江苏两省的经济区,是中国经济发展最快最成熟的地区之一。

吉林省人民政府关于支持中国第一汽车集团公司发展的意见

各市州、县(市)人民政府,省政府各厅委、各直属机构:为促进中国第一汽车集团公司(以下简称一汽)更快更好发展,省政府提出以下意见。各地和有关部门要认真贯彻执行,并结合实际制定具体的实施细则,形成长效机制,作为经常性和长期性工作,切实抓好落实,推动全省汽车产业快速、健康发展。一、积极支持一汽组织生产经营(一)建立省政府对一汽生产经营的协凋服务机制,按月沟通情况,适时召开协调会,研究需要政府解决的问题。(二)协调好生产要素。将一汽列为煤电油运和天然气重点保证单位。在总量不足的情况下。

梅彩德斯—苯茨的新型载重汽车柴油机OM441 OM442 OM441LA OM442A OM442LA

戴姆勒—苯茨公司从1985年开始批量生产OM442A(260kW)和OM442LA(320kW)柴油机之后,现又推出了功率为160～350kW的400系列载重汽车柴油机。该系列的结构型式为V型6缸和V型8缸,在燃烧和结构方面做了进一步的改进,其特点是应用在载重汽车上的V型6缸直喷式柴油机各缸具有相同的着火间隔。

Regenerative Braking Algorithm for an ISG HEV Based on Regenerative Torque Optimization

A novel regenerative braking algorithm based on regenerative torque optimization with emulate engine compression braking (EECB) was proposed to make effective and maximum use of brake energy in order to improve fuel economy.The actual brake oil pressure of driving wheel which is reduced by the amount of the regenerative braking force is supplied from the electronic hydraulic brake system.Regenerative torque optimization maximizes the actual regenerative power recuperation by energy storage component,and EECB is a useful extended type of regenerative braking.The simulation results show that actual regenerative power recuperation for the novel regenerative braking algorithm is more than using conventional one,and life-span of brake disks is prolonged for the novel algorithm.

Recycling of automotive aluminum

With the global warming of concern,the secondary aluminum stream is becoming an even more important component of aluminum production and is attractive because of its economic and environmental benefits.In this work,recycling of automotive aluminum is reviewed to highlight environmental benefits of aluminum recycling,use of aluminum alloys in automotive applications,automotive recycling process,and new technologies in aluminum scrap process.Literature survey shows that newly developed techniques such as laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) and solid state recycling provide promising alternatives in aluminum scrap process.Compared with conventional remelting and subsequent refinement,solid state recycling utilizing compression and extrusion at room or moderate temperature can result in significant energy savings and higher metal yield.

Distributed Bio-Hydrogen Refueling Stations

Hydrogen fuel cell cars are now available for lease and for sale. Renewable hydrogen fuel can be produced from water via electrolysis, or from biomass via gasification. Electrolysis is power-hungry with high demand from solar or wind power. Gasification, however, can be energy self-sufficient using a recently-patented thermochemical conversion technology known as I-HPG （indirectly-heated pyrolytic gasification）. I-HPG produces a tar-free syngas from non-food woody biomass. This means the balance of plant can be small, so the overall system is economical at modest sizes. This makes it possible to produce renewable hydrogen from local agricultural residues; sufficient to create distributed refueling stations wherever there is feedstock. This work describes the specifics of a novel bio-hydrogen refueling station whereby the syngas produced has much of the hydrogen extracted with the remainder powering a generator to provide the electric power to the I-HPG system. Thus the system runs continuously. When paired with another new technology, moderate-pressure storage of hydrogen in porous silicon, there is the potential to also power the refueling operation. Such systems can be operated independently. It is even possible to design an energy self-sufficient farm where all electric power, heat, and hydrogen fuel is produced from the non-food residues of agricultural operations. No water is required, and the carbon footprint is negative, or at least neutral.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR PRODUCTION-DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DEPLOYMENT

An integrated approach for new vehicle program launching and associated manufacturing systems deployment,is presented in this paper.To overcome weaknesses and difficulties in the traditional production distribution (PD) network models,the case based reasoning is first applied to generate an initial network configuration based on the collected localization case base.Secondly,and economic model of performance evaluation of existing manufacturing facilities is developed to identify the advantages in location sensitive production factors for various components in order to take full advantages of local and global production factors.Finally,a modified PD model is developed to optimize the overall network deployment.Various deployment scenarios,such as minimizing manufacturing cost,maximizing profitability or promotion of early market entry,can be analyzed and testified.A typical case study of launching a new vehicle program in China is also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

Multiscale Characterization of Automotive Surface Coating Formation for Sustainable Manufacturing

Automotive surface coating manufacturing is one of the most sophisticated and expensive steps in automotive assembly. This step involves generating multiple thin layers of polymeric coatings on the vehicle surface through paint spray and curing in a multistage, dynamically changing environment. Traditionally, the quality control is solely post-process inspection based, and process operational adjustment is only experience based, thus the manufacturing may not be （highly） sustainable. In this article, a multiscale system modeling and analysis methodology is introduced for achieving a sustainable application of polymeric materials through paint spray and film curing in automotive surface coating manufacturing. By this methodology, the correlations among paint material, application processes and coating performance can be identified. The model-based analysis allows a comprehensive and deep study of the dynamic behaviors of the material, process, and product in a wide spectrum of length and time. Case studies illustrate the efficacy of the methodology for sustainable manufacturing.

Energy, Environment, Economic Life Cycle Assessment of Cassava-based Ethanol Used as Automotive Fuel in Guangxi Province, China

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the energy, environmental and economic impacts of converting cassava to fuel ethanol in Guangxi Province, China. The entire life cycle is a system that includes stages from cassava farming to ethanol fuel combustion. A computer-based model was developed to assess energy, environmental, and economic (EEE) life cycle implication of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The LCA results for fuel ethanol were compared to conventional gasoline (CG) as a base-line case. On the life-cycle bases, the use of cassava-based ethanol fuel in Guangxi may consume more energy but reduce greenhouse gas, VOC, and CO emissions. Life cycle cost results indicate that although fuel ethanol currently is not competitive compared to conventional gasoline, it has great potentials when there are subsidies and/or yields of cassava planting are improved. In terms of balancing the energy, environmental and economical, the introduction form of cassava-based ethanol fuel would be E10. The assessment results generated from this study provide an important reference for Guangxi policy makers to better understand the trade-offs among energy, environmental effects, and economics for the most effective using of regional energy resources.

Operation control strategy of series-parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle

A series-parallel hydraulic hybrid system applied to public buses is put torwaro, ano parameters of key components are analyzed and determined. Energy management strategy based on logic thresh- old is designed which is aimed at efficient operation of the overall system considering the operational characteristic of the components and taking the curves of engine, hydraulic pump/motor and hydrau- lic pump as the main design basis; regenerative control strategy which makes regenerative brake sys- tem and frictional brake system work harmoniously is designed to raise recovery rate of regenerative brake energy. System dynamic modeling and simulation results show that the energy control strategy designed here is able to adapt system to changes of working condition and switch the operating mode reasonably. The regenerative braking control strategy is effective in raising the utilization of energy and improving fuel economy.

Smart Solar Charging： Bi-Directional AC Charging （V2G） in the Netherlands

It is to be expected that the number of electric vehicles will be growing in the near future. This trend comes together with the development of smaller decentralized generation units, like PV （photo voltaic）. Together with the change on demand side that comes with the global ＂electrification＂, this can lead to serious grid congestion in low voltage grids and massive grid investments in solving this congestion. Smart charging can partly solve this issue, but with using a connected EV （electric vehicle） as a small distribution unit, combined with bi-directional charging or V2G （vehicle-to-grid） technology, these investments can be reduced to a minimum. In Lombok, Utrecht, the Netherlands, an innovative pilot was initiated with smart solar charging stations, shared electric vehicles and AC （alternating current） V2G technology. This unique combination proves that EVs are an opportunity for the grid rather than a threat. A unique partnership with OEM Renault was established to develop an AC V2G vehicle product line and work on open standardized communication between the EV, the charging station and the grid.

Application of CAE technology for Geely car lightweight

In order to reduce energy consumption and protect the human survival environment, the lightweight has became the development trend of the world automobile industry. On the premise of ensuring the strength, safety and driving performance of the car, the major car enterprises try to reduce the curb weight of the ear, fuel consumption and emissions. Not only a lot of new technologies and new products have been generated, but also joint vehicle development process and computer aided engineering （CAE） analysis technology have been developed. Since the entry into the ＂Au- tomobile Lightweight Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance＂ in Dec. 2007, Geely Group has been focusing on light- weight construction of vehicle and key assemblies in every stage of the vehicle product development. Among vehicles ap- peared on the market and in research, it has presented continuously better performance. The paper describes application examples and successful experience of CAE simulation analysis and performance optimization during the lightweight de- sign and development of a self-developed model of Geely, and looks forward to the prospects for the development of lightweight of Geely vehicle.

Vehicle kinematics modeling and design of vehicle trajectory generator system

A trajectory generator based on vehicle kinematics model was presented and an integrated navigation simulation system was designed.Considering that the tight relation between vehicle motion and topography,a new trajectory generator for vehicle was proposed for more actual simulation.Firstly,a vehicle kinematics model was built based on conversion of attitude vector in different coordinate systems.Then,the principle of common trajectory generators was analyzed.Besides,combining the vehicle kinematics model with the principle of dead reckoning,a new vehicle trajectory generator was presented,which can provide process parameters of carrier anytime and achieve simulation of typical actions of running vehicle.Moreover,IMU(inertial measurement unit) elements were simulated,including accelerometer and gyroscope.After setting up the simulation conditions,the integrated navigation simulation system was verified by final performance test.The result proves the validity and flexibility of this design.

Utilization of Chemically Activated Coconut Shells for Removal of Chromium （VI） from Aqueous Solution

The purpose of this study is to develop low cost adsorbing materials to remove the heavy metals from waste waters. The outer covering of coconut, coconut shell, is the most abundant in the countries of its plantation and enormous use. Utilization of agricultural waste （coconut shell） in the production of activated carbon potentially leads to produce a highly effective adsorbent generated from low cost raw materials that are available in huge quantity as renewable resources. At present coconut shell is not in use as valuable entity due to which disposal and ultimate environmental problems are faced. In this study coconut shells were impregnated with phosphoric acid and chemically activated at 450 C. The potential to remove chromium （VI） from aqueous solution by using activated coconut shells was investigated by batch experiment. The various sorption parameters i.e pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, agitation time and agitation speed were optimized. The sorption of Cr （VI） onto activated carbon, developed from coconut shell, at pH 2 was achieved 81.25%. The best optimum conditions were obtained when 0.75 gm of sorbent was agitated at 150 rpm with 60 mg/L of sorbate for 40 min. Activated coconut shells has potential to be a good resource material for effective removal of chromium （VI） of low concentration from wastewater.

The New Brazilian Automotive Policy Challenges in the Technological Advancement of Vehicle Security in Brazil

With almost 23% of the industry＇s GDP （gross domestic public）, the Brazilian automobile industry confirms, once more, to be one of the most important sectors for national economy in the past years. Due to this relevance, in October 2012, the Brazilian government has approved by decree a program of incentive to innovation and intensification of the local productive chain in the automotive industry called ＂Inovar-Auto＂. The new Brazilian automotive policy aims by encouraging R ＆ D （research and development） to raise the technological level of vehicles manufactured in country. Undoubtedly, those initiatives contribute hugely for inserting the country on worldwide route of technological development encouraging the local production of safer vehicles and better technological contents. The search for this standard of vehicles has been a subject of several studies in the automotive world and in recent years it has gained importance, including being one of the Inovar-Auto challenges. In this context, this paper aims to present, through a theoretical research, key technologies and vehicle security initiatives developed so far in worldwide and to point out the challenges for development in the national market.

Air cushion furnace technology for heat treatment of high quality aluminum alloy auto body sheet

The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied.Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed,summarized and divided to two stages.Based on the research of air cushion furnace,the key technology of it was analyzed,then the key points on process,equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward.With the rapid development of automotive industry,there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.

Analysis of Influence and Contribution on Distribution System under Widespread PVs and EVs

In recent years, against a background of an environmental problem and resource problem, the introduction of RES （renewable energy source） such as wind power generation and PV （photovoltaic generation）, EV （electric vehicle）, and PHEV （Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle） has been expanding. However, various problems have an ongoing discussion. When the production of electricity by RESs exceeds the power consumption, it is possible to cause a steep variation of point voltage and a deviation from a proper voltage range in a distribution system to which RESs are interconnected. When EVs and PHEVs have spread to the distribution system, a new peak power-demand and a steep voltage drop might occur in the midnight charging time zone in case the electricity charges are low. in this paper, the authors analyze the effects on the distribution system under widespread PVs, EVs, and PHEVs. In addition, the authors propose an improvement plan and analyze about the influence and contribution.