Metabolism such as Cairo evolves rabidly, to transform existing urban spaces. The result of transformation process may lead to the loss of the original space qualities. Opera and Ataba squares are junction space which...Metabolism such as Cairo evolves rabidly, to transform existing urban spaces. The result of transformation process may lead to the loss of the original space qualities. Opera and Ataba squares are junction space which is one of these urban spaces that meanwhile is suffering from this process. This junction space is between two unique urban structures Fatima Cairo and Down town Cairo. This urban structure needs to be a grand civic expression of the 19th century urban system with the new energies of the functionalist city. This Gordian knot of elevated highways, congested surface roads, extensive automobile parking and sprawling informal markets will be integrated into a new open space system that optimizes the city＇s intensified energies. This paper discusses urban structure transformation of the junction space urban structure timeline. Ending with a proposal finally transforms this space into a sustainable urban development.展开更多
To extend electric vehicle (EV) running distance, the vehicle energy regeneration (ER) method and vehicle control strategy were designed based on the original vehicle braking system. The ER principle of direct current...To extend electric vehicle (EV) running distance, the vehicle energy regeneration (ER) method and vehicle control strategy were designed based on the original vehicle braking system. The ER principle of direct current (DC) brushless motor was studied, the motor mathematical model and PI control method with torque close-loop were built. This control method was applied to pure EV and the real road tests were evaluated. The ER control does not make any significant uncomfortable influence brake feeling and can save about 10% battery energy based on 3 times economic commission for Europe (ECE) driving cycles.展开更多
文摘Metabolism such as Cairo evolves rabidly, to transform existing urban spaces. The result of transformation process may lead to the loss of the original space qualities. Opera and Ataba squares are junction space which is one of these urban spaces that meanwhile is suffering from this process. This junction space is between two unique urban structures Fatima Cairo and Down town Cairo. This urban structure needs to be a grand civic expression of the 19th century urban system with the new energies of the functionalist city. This Gordian knot of elevated highways, congested surface roads, extensive automobile parking and sprawling informal markets will be integrated into a new open space system that optimizes the city＇s intensified energies. This paper discusses urban structure transformation of the junction space urban structure timeline. Ending with a proposal finally transforms this space into a sustainable urban development.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2002AA501700)
文摘To extend electric vehicle (EV) running distance, the vehicle energy regeneration (ER) method and vehicle control strategy were designed based on the original vehicle braking system. The ER principle of direct current (DC) brushless motor was studied, the motor mathematical model and PI control method with torque close-loop were built. This control method was applied to pure EV and the real road tests were evaluated. The ER control does not make any significant uncomfortable influence brake feeling and can save about 10% battery energy based on 3 times economic commission for Europe (ECE) driving cycles.
