旅顺将报废渔船处理后沉海造礁

最近，大连市旅顺口区龙王塘渔港内，33艘报废渔船经过喷灌技术处理后，被拖到指定海域，沉人海底，作为人工鱼礁。2005年，大连市海洋与渔业局委托大连理工大学建筑材料研究所，研制出一种由水泥、石英沙、纤维等多种原料合成的新型材料，对报废木质渔船进行喷灌处理。这种新材料可防止木质渔船腐烂，延长使用寿命20年左右。

青岛800艘废渔船沉海建海洋牧场

近日，青岛市崂山区启动对800艘废旧渔船的拆解工作。拆解的渔船将会在清理完毕后沉入海底，以作为崂山湾“海洋牧场”的海底基础。

深海沉积物和海水碳交换的同位素示踪

深海沉积物和海水碳交换的同位素示踪Ｊ．Ｅ．Ｂａｎｅｒ等海洋沉积物含有较多的有机碳，对上覆水体中有机质的性质有一定的影响．普遍认为，海底沉积物可能是深层水中老而难已测定的溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）的来源；另外，放射性Ｃ同位素值（△１４Ｃ）和稳定Ｃ同位素比值（...

美“嗅碳”折箭沉海

2009年2月24日，美加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地，“嗅碳”卫星搭乘“金牛座-XL”运载火箭发射。火箭点火升空非常顺利，那喷发的火焰让人想到一颗即将升起的明星。谁曾想，随着火箭的上冲，火箭第一、二级分离顺利完成后，整流罩没能按预期与第三级火箭分离，卫星未能进入预定轨道，最后坠落在南极附近的印度洋海域。“金牛座”一飞坠地，美“嗅碳”折箭沉海，航天界、科学界人人扼腕，世人也纷纷为之叹息。

沿海基桩施工安全管理的一些作法

沿海基桩施工安全管理的一些作法董志勇，丰修文（河南地矿厅探矿三队洛阳４７１０２３）随着地质市场的扩展，我们队自１９９２年进驻浙江省温州市以来（又名温州桩基公司），共承揽桩基大型工程８项，完成桩基灌注工作量约５．８万ｍ‘，实现产值４０００余万元，并由起...

Distribution and ecological evaluation of heavy metals in multi-medium of the Dongzhai Harbor

The distribution characteristics of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg. As in seawater, superficail sediments and several marine organisms of Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan were analyzed. Index methods of the single factor and geo-accumulation were used to assess the pollution degree of heavy metals. The results showed that the heavy metal levels in the seawater of Dongzhai Harbor accorded with the first category of the seawater except Pb, and were much lower than the fishery water quality standard; the concentration of the heavy metal in surface sediments did not exceed the national benchmark of the first-class of marine sediment quality basically, and the superficial sediments were essentially uncontaminated; the heavy metal content in wetland sediments was slightly higher than those in other typical mangrove wetland island of Hainan and marine sediments in Dongzhai Haibor, which indicated this area might has been affected by land-based pollution influence, and this should cause the attention of related departments; the heavy metal concentrations in marine organisms were up to the first category. All were not beyond the standard of non-environmental pollution aquatic products.

Distribution of Biogenic Silica Content in Surface Sediments from the Southern South China Sea and Its Environmental Dignificance

Biogenic silica content was determined in 25 surface sediment samples from the southern South China Sea to study its distribution and its modern oceanic environmental significance, which may provide further scientific evidence for paleoceanography explaination. This study showed that biogenic silica content in surface sediments and its water depth have evidently positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient was up to 0.782. Biogenic silica content was very low in continental shelf shallows and could not reflect the productivity of siliceous micropaleontology in surface waters, which may be affected by sedimentary types and terrigenous matter dilution. Distribution of biogenic silica content in surface sediments from deep water areas showed that it could not only reflect the paleoproductivity of siliceous micropaleontology in surface waters, but also indicate the strong or feeble upwelling. Thus, it was further confirmed that using biogenic silica content in sediments to trace upwelling and its change was effective and reliable. The analyzed result showed that radiolariia and poriferous specula have more contribution for biogenic opal, comparing with diatom in surface sediments from the northern studied area, probably owing to the diatom dissolved easily away and eaten by other organisms with little effort. In the upwelling areas, radiolarian, diatom and poriferous specula all approximately showed high abundance, which was consistent with high biogenic silica content.

Sedimentary Environment Analysis of Ancient Sand Ridges from Zk23 Hole in the East China Sea

Abstract： Based on the analysis of core samples from the hole of Zk23 in the East China Sea Continental Shelf and by means of sedimentary stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, the authors consider that the fine-sand deposition in borehole was part of buried ancient estuary sand ridges of the Yangtze River. The deposition history of study area around the hole before and after the glacial period as well as postglacial period is made clear after our research： （1） the estuarine sublayer -undersea delta facies strata was deposited under the fast sea level rise about 15 kaB.P; （2） sand ridges mostly consisting of fine-sand, were formed when the sea level was the fluctuant range of 60 - 80 m of isoba during the deglacial period around 15 - 12 kaB.P; （3） first silty clay and clay silt strata above the sand ridges were deposited during the period when the sea level rose fast from 12 to 7 kaB.P, and then it keeps stable to the present.

Influence of Microstructure Change of Seafloor Sediments on the Sound Velocity in them in the Course of Stress-strain

Test tools and methods for synchronizing acoustic measurements in the course of stress-strain for seafloor sediment are elaborated and the test data of 45 sediment samples from the seafloor in the South China Sea are analysed. The result shows that the coarser the sediment grains are, the smaller the porosity is and the larger the unconfined compression strength is, the higher the sound velocity is. In the course of stress-strain, the sediment sound velocity varies obviously with the stress. Acoustic characteristics of sediment in different strain phases and the influence of sediment microstructure change on its sound velocity are discussed. This study will be of important significance for surveying wells of petroleum geology and evaluating the base stabilization of seafloor engineering.

Study on acid-volatile sulfide(AVS), simultaneously extracted metals(SEM) and its toxic effect on the organism in intertidal sediments of Donghai Island, Zhanjiang

The content and distribution of acid-volatile sulfide （AVS） and simultaneously extracted metals （SEM） （Cr Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb） were studied in surface sediments collected from the tidal fiat of Donghai Island, Zhanjiang. The results indicated that for most stations, the AVS concentration was higher in summer with the average of 0.449 μmol/g than that in winter with the average of 1.816 μmol/g. The AVS contents were higher in southern and northern areas and lower in western and eastern areas. The average content of ∑SEM was between 0.56 μmol/g and 4.60 μmol/g in summer and between 0.65μmol/g and 2.21 μmol/g in winter. The concentration change of single metal was Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd for most stations. The content percentage in ∑ SEM was below 1% for Cd and over 70% for Zn. SEMZn was the key pattern to control the distribution of T. SEM due to its high concentration percentage. Based on the assessment methods of （∑SEM/AVS） with （∑ SEM-AVS） and thresholds for metal toxicity to benthic organism, most values of （∑ SEM-AVS） in intertidal flats of Donghai Island were between 0 and 5. The most toxicity region was in Tongminghai area located in the west tidal zone of Donghai Island, and the most toxicity metal was zinc in Tongminghai area in summer. The land-based pollution and the environmental parameters such as sunlight, atmosphere temperature and hydrodynamic characteristics were the main affecting factors on the content level and distribution characteristics of AVS and SEM in intertidal sediments of Donghai Island.

Deep-sea Pollen Record during 3.0-2.0 Ma B.P. from ODP Site 1143 and Its Response to Global Climate Changes

In order to study vegetation evolution and environmental changes around 2.5 Ma B.P., a total of 146 pollen samples with an average time resolution of 7 000 years were analyzed in the deep-sea record at the depth of 135 - 95 m （in composition depth） from ODP Site 1143 （9° 22＇ N, 113° 17＇ E） in the southern South China Sea. The results show that the pollen influx has a distinct change. During 2.6 - 2.0 Ma B.P., the average value of pollen influx increased evidently compared with that of 3.0 - 2.6 Ma B.P. It shows that the sea level of SCS dropped dramatically around 2.6 Ma B.P., corresponding to the formation of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheets and the enhancement of the East Asian Monsoon. The pollen influx variations reflect the glacial-interglacial cycles corresponding with the deep-sea oxygen isotope curve and indicate that the sea level of SCS rose and dropped many times after 2.6 Ma B.P. The spectrum analysis results of pollen influx show that there are cycles at 0.1Ma （eccentricity） and 46.9 ka （obliquity） during 3.0 - 2.0 Ma B.P.

An Overview of the Concept of Regional Sediment Management

In this article we described the concept of ＂regional sediment management＂ （RSM）, and identified opportunities for and impediments to implementing regional approaches to sediment management, and also summarized the background information and applications of RSM. Furthermore, we considered the needs of RSM studies and, suggested the framework for developing RSM strategies, and described the specific studies for the Xiamen region.

Development of Sedimentary Environment in the Northeastern South China Sea Since the Last Glacial Stage

Core D （21°23′02″N, 116°47′13″E, water depth 405 m） was sampled from the upper slope from the northeastern South China Sea （SCS） and applied to analyze the sedimentary environmental change in this sea area since the last glacial stage. The results of grain size analysis, diatom analysis and detrital mineral analysis were well matched. We divided the core D into two layers. The surface sand layer （0 - 2 cm） consisted of residual sediments, which might be originally the sediment in the late Pleistocene and later suffered from being transformed in the post glacial transgression. The lower layer （2 - 130 cm） was quite different from the surface one, which might mainly result from a neritic sedimentary environment in the last glacial stage. Two sedimentary cycles could be detected in the core D： regression during Marine isotope stage （MIS） 4 to transgression during MIS 3 and regression during MIS 2 to transgression during the post glacial.

Sedimentary Evolution of the Holocene Subaqueous Clinoform off the Southern Shandong Peninsula in the Western South Yellow Sea

Based on the stratigraphic sequence formed since the last glaciation and revealed by 3000 km long high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and the core QDZ03 acquired recently off the southern Shandong Peninsula, we addressed the sedimentary characteristics of a Holocene subaqueous clinoform in this paper. Integrated analyses were made on the core QDZ03, including sedimentary facies, sediment grain sizes, clay minerals, geochemistry, micro paleontology, and AMS 14 C dating. The result indicates that there exists a Holocene subaqueous clinoform, whose bottom boundary generally lies at 15–40 m below the present sea level with its depth contours roughly parallel to the coast and getting deeper seawards. The maximum thickness of the clinoform is up to 22.5 m on the coast side, and the thickness contours generally spread in a banded way along the coastline and becomes thinner towards the sea. At the mouths of some bays along the coast, the clinoform stretches in the shape of a fan and its thickness is evidently larger than that of the surrounding sediments. This clinoform came into being in the early Holocene(about 11.2 cal kyr BP) and can be divided into the lower and upper depositional units(DU 2 and DU 1, respectively). The unit DU 2, being usually less than 3 m in thickness and formed under a low sedimentation rate, is located between the bottom boundary and the Holocene maximum flooding surface(MFS), and represents the sediment of a post-glacial transgressive systems tract; whereas the unit DU 1, the main body of the clinoform, sits on the MFS, belonging to the sediment of a highstand systems tract from middle Holocene(about 7–6 cal kyr BP) to the present. The provenance of the clinoform differs from that of the typical sediments of the Yellow River and can be considered as the results of the joint contribution from both the Yellow River and the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula, as evidenced by the sediment geochemistry of the core. As is controlled mainly by coactions of multiple factors such as the Holocene sea-level changes, sediment supplies and coastal dynamic conditions, the development of the clinoform is genetically related with the synchronous clinoform or subaqueous deltas around the northeastern Shandong Peninsula and in the northern South Yellow Sea in the spatial distribution and sediment provenance, as previously reported, with all of them being formed from the initial stage of the Holocene up to the present.

Multielement Analysis of Deep-Sea Sediments by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Marine sediments were dissolved by HNO3-HF-HC104 in a sealed container at low pressure; HF was evaporated in an open container and salts were dissolved in HCl by heating, then transferred to 2% HNO3 solution. A total of 45 elements, including Li, Be, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sin, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Conditions and sample experiments showed that this procedure defines a good experimental method which has the advantages of clear interference, easy operation and reliable results. The concentrations of the 45 elements could be used for resource exploration, environmental assessment and academic research.

A Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary model of the Tainan Basin, the South China Sea: evidence from a multi-channel seismic profile

The Tainan Basin is one of the set of Cenozoic extensional basins along northern margin of the South China Sea that experienced extension and subsequently thermal subsidence. The Tainan Basin is close to the Taiwan Arc-Trench System and straddles a transition zone between oceanic and continental crust. A new regional multi-channel seismic profile （973-01） across the region of NE South China Sea is introduced in this paper. In seismic stratigraphy and structural geology, a model of Cenozoic tectono-sedimentation of the Tainan Basin is established. The results show that three stages can be suggested in Tainan Basin; In Stage A （Oligocene （？）-Lower Miocene） the stratigraphy shows restricted rifting, indicating crustal extension. Terrestrial sedi- ments mostly filled the faulted sags of the North Depression on the continental shelf. Structural highs, including the Central Uplift, blocked material transportation to the South Depression in abyssal basin. In Stage B the Tainan Basin （Middle-Upper Miocene） exhibits a broad subsidence resulting from the post-rifting thermal cooling. The faulted-sags in North Depression had been filled up. Terrestrial materials were transported over the structural highs and deposited directly in the South Depression through sub- marine gullies or canyons. This sedimentation resulted in a crucial change in the slope to a modem shape. In Stage C （Latest Miocene-Recent） a phase change from extension to compression took place due to the orogeny caused by the overthrusting of the Luzon volcanic arc. Many inverse structures, such as thrusts, fault bend folds, and a regional unconformity were formed. Forland basin began developing.

Sediment flux and source in northern Yellow Sea by ^(210)Pb technique

Sedimentation of fine-grained deposits on coastal zones and continental shelves are important because of the association with chemical pollutants, and the implication to the impact on biological processes, the stratigraphic correlations, and changes in sedimentary environments. The Yellow Sea continental shelf receives large quantities of sediment from the Huanghe （Yellow） River. Unfortunately, little attention has been yet paid to the sedimentation on the shallow shelf and its features, and the vertical sediment flux in the area is poorly understood. In this study, nine cores were collected in northern Yellow Sea by the R/V Science 1 in September, 1998 and 1999 to examine the sedimentation rate, sediment flux and the provenance with ^210Pb analysis. The 2^210Pb activity profiles showed that the vertical sediment flux ranged from 0.06 to 1.18 g/cm^2·a in the region. In central part of the area, there was a patch of fine-grained mud, with the flux below 0.33 g/cm^2·a. Most profiles were featured in two-segment model. Differences in the profiles reflected spatial and temporal variations in hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes. In order to determine the provenance and sedimentary setting in the area, the geochemistry of Ca, Fe, Sr, Cu, Ti and Rb in 11 surficial sediment samples were studied, which showed that in the central northern Yellow Sea, the mud deposit was from multi-source but mainly from the Huanghe River.

Chemical profile of the secondary metabolites produced by a deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Penicillium commune SD-118

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract from Penicillium commune SD-118, a fungus obtained from a deep-sea sediment sample, resulted in the isolation of a known antibacterial compound, xanthocillin X (1), and 14 other known compounds comprising three steroids (2-4), two ceramides (5 and 6), six aromatic compounds (7-12), and three alkaloids (13-15). Xanthocillin X (1) was isolated for the first time from a marine fungus. In the bioassay, xanthocillin X (1) displayed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, H460, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Meleagrin (15) exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, Du145, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This is the first report of the cytotoxicity of xanthocillin X (1).

Accumulation and exploration of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments of northern South China Sea

The large deep-sea area from the southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin to the eastern Dongsha Islands,within the continental margin of northern South China Sea,is a frontier of natural gas hydrate exploration in China.Multiform of deep-sea sedimentations have been occurred since late Miocene,and sediment waves as a potential quality reservoir of natural gas hydrate is an most important style of them.Based on abundant available data of seismic,gravity sampling and drilling core,we analyzed the characteristics of seismic reflection and sedimentation of sediment waves and the occurrence of natural gas hydrate hosted in it,and discussed the control factors on natural gas hydrate accumulation.The former findings revealed the deep sea of the northern South China Sea have superior geological conditions on natural gas hydrate accumulation.Therefore,it will be of great significance in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration with the study on the relationship between deep-sea sedimentation and natural gas hydrate accumulation.

Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment:a review

Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system.