探索化学方程式的书写规律——五线法书写非氧化还原反应

本文详细阐述了物质组成特点与常见非氧化还原反应规律,引出水溶液中各类型复分解反应、配位反应书写规律,旨在通过帮助学生掌握规律,从死记硬背方程式中解放出来,真正能快速书写和应用化学方程式。通过对这些基本反应规律的理解和掌握,学生可以更好地预测和书写一些常见的化学方程式。对这些基本反应规律的理解还有助于学生分析一些实际应用中的化学过程。化学方程式的书写不仅仅是死记硬背,更应该是对反应规律的理解和灵活运用。

盱眙水牛病病原研究初报

采取人工传代，部分原代细胞或传代细胞系分离培养、超薄切片电镜观察以及免疫沉淀反应等方法对盱眙水牛病的病原进行研究。结果表明，将患有该病的水牛经过全血静脉接种在健康牛体内，可使其人工感染发病并长期继代。但随继代次数增高，病水牛病程延长，且部分病变不明显。所用的细胞培养均未导致细胞病变，亦未从细胞培养中检出抗原。１０例自然发病和人工发病水牛中，有４例从淋巴结、５例从白细胞的电镜超薄切片中发现了大小约１００ｎｍ、有囊膜的圆形病毒颗粒，并有病毒成熟出芽的图像。病水牛的淋巴结、白细胞等组织提取物中亦存在上述病毒颗粒。其提取物具有特异性抗原，可以与本病后期水牛血清发生特异性免疫沉淀反应。初步认为该病毒是盱眙水牛病的病原体，属一种慢病毒。

人血中磷酸葡萄糖变位酶的提取及其抗血清研制

作者用大柱制备电泳法从人红细胞解离波中分离提取磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（ＰＧＭ），并以此为抗原，免疫新西兰家兔，制备得到了兔抗ＰＧＭ血清．经ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ检测，纯ＰＧＭ为单体，分子量为５０，７１３道尔顿；经琼脂双扩散法检测，兔抗ＰＧＭ血清效价为１：１６，可检出ＰＧＭ的最低浓度为１５．６μｇ／ｍｌ，兔疫电泳表明，该抗血清与ＰＧＭ２—１型及ＰＧＭ２—２型人红细胞解离液产生单一的沉淀线，特异性较好。用戊二醛法将该抗血清标记ＨＲＰ，ＥＬＩＳＡ测得酶一抗体结合物最适工作浓度为１：１２８稀释度。

心肌损伤标记物肌钙蛋白T的干化学分析及临床中的应用

对怀疑有心肌损伤的病人如何尽快确诊 ,以便快速有效地治疗 ?CCU的医护人员如何简便及时有效地了解病人的情况 ?医学研究发现肌钙蛋白T ,可以做为心肌损伤的标记物 ,有其绝对特异性和灵敏性 ;

免疫琼脂扩散法检测肉制品中的掺假蛋白

制备肌肉冻融水浸液为兔体免疫抗原,28天后获得特异性的高滴度抗血清。运用免疫琼脂扩散法检测掺假蛋白,以标准抗原与抗血清的沉淀线为比较基准,将样品与抗血清所生的沉淀线与之比较,根据琼脂板上二种沉淀线距中心孔(抗血清孔)的距离,判断样品掺假的程度。

甲醛对马立克氏病琼扩抗原的影响

马立克氏病琼扩抗原未经甲醛灭活时,冻融52次以上,仍能出现清楚的沉淀线,但在抗原经过甲醛灭活,冻融9次之后,沉淀线即变得微弱,冻融15次之后,即不再出现沉淀线,表明甲醛对马立克氏病琼扩抗原有破坏作用。国内许多禽用灭活疫苗都是用甲醛灭活。

用对流免疫电泳检测鸡肺炎克雷伯氏菌抗原

西南农业大学彭远义等,用对流免疫电泳检测鸡肺炎克雷伯氏菌抗原。结果表明,1、菌体抗原稀释到1∶16时仍有清析的沉淀线出现,证明敏感性高。2、用此法同时对大肠杆菌。

Effect of precipitation on internal friction of AZ91 magnesium alloy

The effect of precipitation on the internal friction(IF)of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation,and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).Six different states of alloy were prepared by applying different heat treatment processes:as-cast,in-complete solid solution,complete solid solution,micro-precipitation,continuous precipitation and continuous-discontinuous precipitation.It was found that the internal friction of in-completely solid-solutionized,completely solid-solutionized and micro-precipitated specimens showed a similar characteristic,and the grain boundary relaxation is completed depressed due to the Al atoms supersaturated in theα-Mg solution.However,a thermal relaxation internal friction peak was observed for continuously precipitated and continuously-discontinuously precipitated specimens at around 438 K and frequency of about 1 Hz,which was attributed to the grain boundaries relaxation.Furthermore,it was found that the relaxation of theβ-Mg17Al12/α-Mg phase interfaces should give its contribution to the background internal friction in the as-cast,continuously precipitated and continuously-discontinuously precipitated specimens.

Evolution of Modern Yellow River Delta Coast

This paper deals with the development and evolution of modern Yellow River delta and the erosion or deposition rates of its different sections. In June, 1996, Yellow Rivers terminal course was artificially turned eastwards to empty into the sea and then the 11th lobe of the modern Yellow River delta began to form. This course change may mark the beginning of the 3rd subdelta formation. As a result of that, the Yellow River delta advances towards east by north with the 1st, 2nd and 3rd subdeltas arranged in succession. Coast zone in the deltaic area is divided into 7 different sections according to their different erosion or deposition rates: the relatively stable section from Dakou River to Shunjiang Stream, the weakly retreating section from Shunjiang Stream to the Tiaohe River mouth, the strongly retreating section from the Tiaohe River mouth to the station 106, the artificially stable section due to stone dam protection from the station 106 to Gudong Oilfield, the strong deposition section from Gudong Oilfield to Dawenliu Haipu, the weakly deposition section from Dawenliu Haipu to the Zimai Stream mouth, and the stable section from the Zimai Stream mouth to the Jiaolai River mouth. It is predicted that the erosion and deposition situations of the sections will nearly remain the same in 10 years, but the retreating and silting-up rates will tend to become slower gradually. Human activities have an evident influence on the changes of the coastline.

Stability and Lubrication Properties of Nano Oxides in Base Oil

The target products were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method using SDS and PEG 800, respectively, as surfactant at a reaction temperature of 95 ℃ for 3 h, followed by calcination at 400 ~C for 3 h. The samples were charac- terized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR and zeta potential measurements. The products were modified with different sur- factants to improve their dispersion stability, both the amount and the best zeta potential values of which were identified in this work. The surface-modified nano-particles were added at a mass fraction of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, into the base oil. It was showed that the additive in base oil has good oil solubility without detectable corrosion of copper stripe, and had excellent behavior in terms of anti-wear performance and lower friction coefficient.

Boron Nitride Nanowires Produced on Commercial Stainless Steel foil

Chemical vapor deposition growth of one-dimensional nanomaterials usually demands substrates that have been coated with a layer of catalyst film. In this study, a green process to synthesize boron nitfide （BN） nanowires directly on commercial stainless steel foils was proposed by heating boron and zinc oxide powders under a mixture gas flow of N2 arid 15% H2 at 1100℃, and a large quantities of pure h-BN nanowires have been produced directly on commercial stainless steel foil. The stainless steel foils not only acted as the substrate but also the catalyst for the nanowire growth. The synthesized BN nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopes, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer and photoluminescence spectroscopy, The nanowires also possess strong PL emission bands at 515, 535, and 728 nm.

Oxygen pressure acid leaching of artificial sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation

The mechanism of oxygen pressure acid leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation was investigated in this study.Artificial sphalerite was fabricated with varying amounts of iron content via the sintering of ZnS and FeS and used for the pressure acid leaching experiment.The variations in the potential of the pressure leaching system were investigated by using a self-designed potential autoclave.The results showed that compared to the non-iron sphalerite,there was a violent redox reaction between the 25.70%Fe-artificial sphalerite and dissolved oxygen during the process of pressure leaching;and the catalytic mechanism was attributed to the redox couple Fe^3+/Fe^2+,where Fe3+oxidizes the H2S gas film and the reduced Fe2+state is subsequently oxidized by the dissolved oxygen.Furthermore,the effect of temperature,H2SO4 concentration,and oxygen partial pressure on the artificial sphalerite with different iron contents was studied.The sphalerite samples with iron content were observed to dissolve more easily in sulfuric acid compared to the non-iron samples.Moreover,the activation energy of artificial sphalerite was observed to be lower in the sample with 25.70%iron content(22.26 kJ/mol)compared to that with no iron(32.31 kJ/mol);and the apparent reaction orders were obtained with respect to H2SO4 concentration(1.10 and 1.36)and oxygen partial pressure(1.29 and 1.41),respectively.A comprehensive kinetic model was developed on the basis of the experimental data and the fitted leaching ratio plot;and the kinetic equations for the leaching of sphalerite catalyzed by Fe^3+/Fe^2+self-precipitation were determined.

Microwave Digestion Sample Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Determines Trace Selenium of Mogroside

0.2000g mogroside sample is digested by 7.0ml nitric acid and 3.0ml hydrogen peroxide, and generated by coprecipitation enrichment hydride - atomic fluorescence spectrometry determines trace selenium in it. Under optimum experiment conditions, a standard curve was produced using selenium standard solution, the linear equation is Ise=2890.6c＋0.0012,compared wish the linear relaticnship is not by coprecipitation direct determination of standard series Ise=82.56c＋0.0018 Selenium detection sensitivity was increased by 35.01 times,the correlation coefficient of obtained linear regression equation is 0.9996, the detection limit is 0.0012~tg/L and the relative standard deviation is 0.76% （n=5）. Containing 0.1808pg.g-1 Se Luo Han Shen samples. Based on mogroside sample, add a certain of standard solution to do recovery experiment, the obtained recovery rate is in 95.8%-103.6% and the result is satisfactory.

Plotting the Clarifying Curves and Determination of the Specific Amount of Settled Material during the Initial Period to Sedimentation in Stationary Column of Aqueous Suspensions of Solids

The present paper presents an algorithm and a program for plotting the clarifying curves and for determination of the specific amount of settled material during the initial period based on data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles with different concentrations. The algorithm and program have been developed for an interactive, rapid and convenient processing of the data obtained from sedimentation experiments in stationary column of aqueous suspensions of solids particles and allow obtaining with accuracy of precise and expressive graphs which characterize the behaviour of aqueous suspensions to sedimentation in stationary column. Sedimentation study of different aqueous suspensions of solids particles in stationary column is of great importance for experimentally determining the important parameters required to design and exploitation clarifiers and sludge thickeners from waste water treatment plants.

Dynamic structures and their sedimentation effects of the Yamen Inlet,Huangmaohai Estuary

One of eight gates of the Pearl River Estuary,the Yamen Inlet is a bedrock channel mouth connecting the Huangmao Sea and Yamen Channel.The wider water surfaces of the upper and lower reaches of the entrance produce a unique bidirectional asymmetrical jet system.Using observed hydrology and historical charts,the ECOMSED model was applied in morphodynamic analysis of the dynamic structures and dynamic equilibrium of the Yamen jet system and its effect on sedimentation.It was found that (1) the nonlinear interaction of Yamen dynamic structures could not be ignored,as while the Coriolis force and friction force were generally of the same order of magnitude,the effect of friction force was greater;(2) the bidirectional asymmetrical jet system was flood preferential flow to the north of the channel mouth and ebb preferential flow to the south;and (3) the bidirectional asymmetrical jet system was the dominant factor in the long term stability of the Yamen deep trough.